Hello all, welcome to Vstudent blog. This is the VMA-VSphere introduction training video. In this video, we'll be knowing about what is Vsphere, why we use all stuff.
So, let's start. So, what is VMA-VSphere? So, VMA-VSphere is a cloud virtualization platform capable of running full-scale virtual machines and Kubernetes instance for scalable cloud-hosted applications. and why do vmware vspier matter so vspier is the most popular data center virtualization platform in the industry and also the third party support surrounding network compute and storage and other solutions too so why do why does vmware vspier effect so vspier is a data center product supporting solutions that include storage network compute so it infrastructure practice practitioners should stay stay abreast of the changes in the vSphere and the ecosystem so when was you may have a question when was this vSphere released originally it was released in 2009 so the present the current version is 8.0 so so we were like talking about VMware vSphere in depth it is a software suite that includes components like esxi hypervisor vcenter server vsp client web client vcenter or orchestration vsp air update manager and vsp components provide virtualization management resource optimization and many other features useful for in a virtual environment vsp is used to virtualize and aggregate the underlying physical hardware resource and to provide the pool of virtual machines virtual resources to the data center it also provides some advanced virtualization features such as DRS, HA, DRS is distributed resource scheduler, high availability, fault tolerance etc and more like even we have vmotion storage vmotion uh lots more so like vsan so people new to virtualization platform sometimes get confused in dealing with vsp and its components so remember that vsp is a suit of products just like ms office which contains word excel access powerpoint like that so vsp also a a pack of lot of components so why why we why we virtualize what is the advantage so there are many reasons why why should we consider to be virtualized the environment so here are some so server consolidation so what solution can help you conserve physical space in traditional data center environments it is common to dedicate each server to a single application This leaves most computers vastly underused.
So using a single application on a server, for example, it is consuming only 15% of the resources remaining 85% is not used and it is a waste of resources. So virtualization enables you to run more workloads on single server which reduce the number of physical servers. in your environment like if your data center have less servers obviously you pay less for the power supply less for the like less for the space everything like so that definitely matters so reduce cost so hardware is most often the highest cost in the data center because virtualization reduce the need for the physical machines The cost also goes down but the cost goes well beyond that of the hardware.
Software licensing, savings, power and cooling cost reduction, improved user accessibility and performance are also some of the ways to reduce your cost. So increased uptime. So VMware offers a number of advanced features that are not available on physical servers which help with business continuity and increased uptime.
Such capabilities are low migration that is v motion storage migration fault tolerance high availability etc these technologies keep virtual machines running off forgive then the ability to quickly recover from unplanned outages the ability to quickly and easily move a virtual machine from one server to another server is perhaps one of the greatest single benefits of isolation with the for reacting users reacting users so next is faster server provisioning with vmware you can quickly clone an image and master the template or existing vms to get a server up and running within minutes. It is a contrast to physical servers which usually requires hours for installation and placing an order for a physical server it will take months also so simply clicking on a template and creating a VM take not even not even two or three minutes and we can using scripts so you can you can you can build hundreds of servers in minutes so Next is easier backups with virtualization you can create full backup of your virtual machines within minutes These backups can be moved from one server to another and redeployed Easier and faster you can also take a snapshot of the virtual machine which is state of the virtual machine at a specific specific point in time so in virtual Virtualization of physical resources are shared among virtual machines resource sharing represents perhaps the most significant advantage of server virtualization because you can allocate resources and VM based on the machine's actual performance needs. Multiple virtual machines can run on the same physical host with each virtual machine sharing the resource of the host.
Virtual machine shares access to CPU, physical network cards, disk controllers and or their own region of memory. On the same physical host, different virtual machines can run different operating systems. For example, you can run virtual machines that run some Linux distributions and virtual machines that run Windows on the same host.
When multiple virtual machines runs on the same host, each virtual machine is allocated a portion of its physical resource. Hypervisor allows multiple operating systems to share a single hardware host. so these are the components now i will give in a brief on each of these we already discussed but let me let me take you one on one so esxi hypervisor is a type one hypervisor so hypervisor is a piece of software that creates and runs virtual machines in v vsp or virtual machines are installed on esx servers and the esx servers are installed on physical servers okay so these are connected to network and NAS or DAS or storage where all ESX are connected to this using the fiber channel connected to the storage devices to share the storage between them and next one is vCenter server in previous versions we used to have windows based version vCenter servers and like as a version changes we removed the windows based virtual machines which saves the licensing cost and even database also like inbuilt database for the new vcss virtual server appliance so it is saving one is a windows license as well as database license so vCenter Server is a centralized management platform and framework that lets you manage virtual machines and ESXi hosts centrally So using the central console you can manage entire your virtual environment So you can create VMs Delete VMs, you can create you can vMotion the VMs, vMotion the Storage VM like lot more you can do using the vCenter Server. So next is vSphere Update Manager so before that ESXi and vCenter server do have a licensing and they do have types of licenses like standard edition enterprise edition and express edition we will discuss in the upcoming upcoming powerpoints so next is vSphere update manager update manager is like an add-on package for vCenter server that helps you keep your ESXi host and virtual machines fast with the latest updates so virtual machine patching is like something i need to say that you can update the vm tools using the update manager so patching vmware os level for vms was removed so we can update vm tools using the update manager and we can update our patch esxi servers using update manager so it is a built-in tool previously it used to be an additional installer for windows servers but latest version of VMware vSphere it is integrated so a vSphere web client a web-based user interface used for managing virtual infrastructure so previously used to have an vSphere client agent but that was removed and now we have only web-based client as using the vCenter server slash UI we can access the vCenter server and you can integrate with the Active Directory and you can use the Active Directory login to the vSphere web client So, HA is High Availability So, High Availability is configured on a cluster Cluster is nothing but a group of ESXA boxes together in a single cluster or multiple clusters Each cluster will have multiple ESXA boxes where you can enable high availability DRS on a cluster so enabling the high availability what happens is whenever ESXi goes down or due to some hardware issue it gets failed immediately so the HA will migrate all ESXi all the virtual machines on that failed host to the other host and it will reboot the virtual machines so HI is available in enterprise edition of vCenter server so if you go for standard edition it won't be available whereas distributed research scheduler it's available in default standard edition so HI is how it works is like it will elect the master master for the cluster and master will deploy a a log or a algorithm on all ESXi boxes and it will be connected through network as well as storage, paths and a hardware is created and it will check every few seconds. Whenever ESXi is not reachable immediately master will take the initiation and it will move the ESXi, move the virtual machines to the other.
other esxi boxes so that's how it hr works so initial stage it was called as aam agent and after that that was changed as fdm for domain manager so now it used aam like amu you know like used to use only one path that is network path so after f of the fdm was introduced it started using two paths one is network path and one is a through storage so distributed research scheduler is like like it will take care of migrating or demotioning the virtual machines whenever a esxa box is running on a high memory utilization or high high cpu so whenever it will check the resource availability on the other esxa box and it will take care of migrating the esxa sorry virtual machines to other esxa boxes without any any outage or without any impact so using the v motion that dns will do that v motion is nothing but when a shared and state shared storage is is there in between the esxa boxes you can migrate the virtual machines using my right click on the virtual machine you can migrate you can be motion the vm to other esxa box and even if you don't have storage Shared storage then you can power off the VM and we can migrate. So as in the production we will be having a shared storage so obviously we don't have that issue. So sv motion is nothing but a storage v motion where you can migrate the virtual machine disks from one storage to another storage so without any impact or without any server down.
So next is fault tolerance fault tolerance is nothing but creating an when you enable the fault tolerance it will create a secondary machine on other esxi box and it will create a hotbed between primary vm and secondary vm and it will be syncing simultaneously at a time and if primary vm goes down, the secondary vm will convert it to primary and it will create another secondary vm on another esxi box and the primary vm which is having issue went down that will be turned off and you can delete that one So fault tolerance have some limitations so most of the time very few people will use that but for high critical machines we can use the fault tolerance. vSAN is like is vSAN is like like vSAN will use the local data stores of the ESXA boxes and it will create an it will create a single data store and you can use the like for example each esxa is having a 100 gb of storage if you enable visa and it will it will make it will add all 100 and like four esxa boxes it will make it as 400 gb and as a single data store and you can use the you can use that as a as a shared data store and if one esxa goes down it will take care of like it will manage and take care of the availability so there is some there is some limitation where more than two ESX goes down based on the live number available will be available team will be there so next is VMware snapshots so snapshots are like one time snapshot at the time of one time snapshot which like which can be used as a temporary like just for temporary backup it's not a backup but like if you are updating anything if you take a snapshot what happens is something goes wrong you can restore it immediately so snapshots are two type one is a queasy state snapshot and one is a normal snapshot so queasy state is like at the time of snapshot if you enable queasy state it will take the snapshot of memory too and when you restore the snapshot the VM will be in a power on state where you took this snapshot when if you if you doesn't take the quizzes like it doesn't enable the quizzes state when you restore it the VM will be in power off state and you need to power it on so snapshots are if you if a VM is having a snapshot then what happens is you can add add space or you cannot add a memory or CPU when it is in power on power when a snapshot is snapshot exists on a virtual machine so these are the some components which we discussed and upcoming videos we will be working on each and every components and it will be explained in in depth and briefly so talking about what is CPU virtualization these are the few where if you see here this is the physical server on which ESX hypervisor has been installed and this hypervisor CPU will be used as a vCPU for each of this ESX each of these virtual machines virtual machines and so CPU virtualization involves a single CPU acting as if it's it was multiple Multiple separate CPUs, the most common reason for doing this is to run multiple different operating systems on one machine. CPU virtualization empathizes performance and run directly on the available CPU whenever possible.
The underlying physical resources are used whenever possible and the virtualization layer runs instructions only as needed to make virtual machine operate as if they were. running directly on a physical machine. So when many virtual machines are running on ESXi host those virtual machines might complete compete for CPU resources when CPU contention occurs the ESXi host time slices the physical processors across all virtual machines so each virtual machine runs as if it has its specified number of virtual processors. so so like uh it is called like something nested virtualization so whenever a physical server when you install a6 a hypervisor so you have to you see here with VT virtualization technology and without VT so you see the difference like like it is sharing the CPU and memory here you have some so some issues here so like like this is about CPU acceleration and next is physical and much specialized host memory so in a non what The virtual environment assumes it owns all physical memory available. When application starts, it uses interfaces provided by OS to allocate or release virtual memory pages during the execution.
Virtual memory is a technique used in most operating systems and is supported by almost all modern CPUs. Virtual memory creates a uniform virtual atmosphere. address space for application and allows the OS and hardware to handle the address translation between the virtual and physical address space.
This technique adopts the execution environment to support large address spaces, process protection, file mapping and swapping in modern computer systems. In VMware vSphere environment, the VMware Virtualization layer creates a continuous memory space for the virtual machine. when it is started. The allocated memory space is configured when the virtual machine is created and has the same properties as the virtual address space. This configuration allows the hypervisor to run multiple virtual machines simultaneously while protecting the memory of each virtual machine from being accessed by others.
So all these taken care by VM tools like whenever you install a virtual machine VM tools on the guest operating system it will take care of memory allocation all stuff using the um um what virtual memory ballooning driver so these are just some figures which i took it to to make it understand easy for you guys so next is uh physical and virtual networks so the key virtual networking components in virtual architecture or virtual internet and virtual switches. A virtual machine can be configured with one or more virtual Ethernet adapters. A virtual switch enables a virtual machine on the same ESXi host to communicate with each other using the same protocols used over physical switches without the need for additional hardware. So that is these these ports are called port groups and VMA technology lets you link a local virtual machine to each other and to the external network.
external network through a virtual switch. So whenever you install ESXi Box, it will automatically creates its own virtual switches which connects to physical switch. So a virtual switch just like a physical Ethernet switch forwards frames at the data link layer and ESXi host can contain multiple virtual switches. The virtual switch connects to the external network through physical Ethernet adapters.
The virtual switch is kept. capable of binding multiple virtual network cards together, offering greater availability and bandwidth to the virtual machines. Virtual switches are similar to motor physical Ethernet switches in many ways. Like a physical switch, each virtual switch is isolated and has its own forwarding table. So every destination the switch looks up can match only ports on the same virtual switch where the frame originated.
This future improves security, making it difficult for hackers to access the virtual network hackers to break virtual switch isolation so going in depth about what will see just what will see like this is the what will see virtual switch when you open the vCenter you'll be able to see like this which connects to the physical adapter so what VMware has designed this pair suit to mimic the function of physical network so a lot of the network hardware you will find in the real world You will also find virtualization in vSphere which is virtualized in the vSphere. Virtual switch work very much like the physical counterparts Ethernet switches but lack some of their advanced functionalities. Advanced functionalities they are used to establish a connection between the virtual and the physical network.
A virtual switch can detect which virtual machines are logically connected to each its virtual ports and use that information to forward traffic to the. current virtual machines. A virtual switch is connected to virtual switches by using physical Ethernet adapters to join virtual networks with physical networks. So the major role is like to connect the virtual machines to the physical adapters is a virtual machine port groups. These ports used to connect virtual machines to virtual other VMs or the physical network.
So So this is VM Kernel Ports. Ports configured with their own IPs, subnet, mask and default gateway to allow hypervisor management traffic, vMotion, iSCSI, storage access, network attached storage that is MASS and vSphere FT, that is fault tolerance. So we need to configure these when we configure the virtual port groups, VM Kernel Port Groups.
so this is about virtual switches and types of switches we have two types of switches in vmware environment that is standard switch so it a standard switch that is a v switch we call it as v switch is created by default when esx is installed like its physical internet counterpart a standard switch works at layer 2 forwards frame to other switch ports based on the mac address and supports features such as VLANs and port channels. Standard switches has to be connected to the ESXi host physical NICs as uplinks to communicate with the result of the rest of the network. They are configured at the high host level meaning that you must create and manage vSphere standard switch independently on each host.
So, it's like if you configure standard switch in your environment it means whatever changes you do on v switch that will be independently applicable to the particular sx host for example if create a vlan it will be applicable to this esx box and you need to go to next esx box create the same vlan and again same vlan on this like that if you have thousand esx boxes you have to do that job thousand times so which is really pain painful so to overcome that we have a distributed switch so Distributed switch is like talking about that a distributed switch functions as a single virtual switch across all associated ESXi host and allows virtual machines to maintain consistent network configuration as they migrate across multiple hosts just like standard switches distributed switches forward frame frame set layer to support vlan, NIC teaming out Outbound traffic, shipping etc. The biggest difference between these two of these vSwitch and dvSwitch are configured using a centralized unified management interface through vCenter server which greatly simplifies virtual machine network configuration and reduces complicity in clustered ESXi environment. Distributed switches also support some advanced networking features like Ivo control port mirroring network health check and support for protocols such as netflow PEV VLAN that is private VLAN link aggregation control that is LACP LACP and the link layer discovery protocol that is LLDP etc so but the the main drawback is the distributed switch comes with enterprise edition and the standard switch comes with default standard edition so if you don't have an enterprise edition then you cannot use this benefit of a distributed switches so that's all that's about the switches and next is VMware vSphere vMFS so the vMFS is a virtual machine file system so VMware vSphere vMFS physical file systems usually allow only one host to have read write access to them same file at given time.
By contrast, VMware vSphere vMFS enables a distributed storage architecture that allows multiple ASX hosts concurrently read and write access to the same shared data storage resources. VMware vSphere vMFS is optimized for a virtualized environment and offers a high-performance cluster file system. Designed specially for virtual machines, it uses distributed general links for its file system, metadata changes to allow fast and resilient recovery in the event of an hardware failure. VMFS is also the foundation for distributed infrastructure services such as live migration or virtual machine and virtual machine files dynamically balance workloads across available compute resources, automated restart of virtual machines and fault tolerance. VMFS provides an interface to storage resources so that several storage protocols like Fiber channel over internet, NAS, ISKC can be used to access data stores on which virtual machines can reside.
Dynamic growth of VMFS data stores through aggregation of storage resources and dynamic expansion of VFS data store enables you to increase a shared storage resource pool within no downtime in addition. you have a means for mounting a point in time copy of data stores. So, as the version of vSPA changes, even VMFS version also changes and giving more advantages.
Talking about the licensing, we have three licenses that are standard, enterprise and enterprise plus. So, talking about that, we are talking about the VMware tools like we are talking about the CPU sharing, memory sharing like all these so VM tools is a major and a major part in that is a suite of utilities that enhances the performance and improves management of the virtual machines. Cased operating system it is not installed by default yes whenever you install a virtual machine what happens is it comes with the default things you need to mount the VM tools and you need to install the VM tools so before that Moving a mouse is like a pain, really pain and the drivers for VMX3 is not installed till the VM tools are installed. So like you can see here what are the benefits here like optimized NIC drivers, optimized KC drivers, virtual machine, heartbeat, enhanced graphics and most performance, time sync, ability to shut down.
so without VM tools if you try to shut down a VM soft reboot or soft shutdown from vCenter it will say VM tools not installed and it not installed and it's failed to do that once you install the VM tools you will be able to shut down or restart the virtual machine better memory management using the memory building driver so the following comments are installed when you install VM tools like VM tools services vm tools d.exe and windows guest or tools d on linux this service syncs synchronizes the time in the guest operating system with the time in the host operating system set up vmware drivers device drivers will be installed if you install the vmware drivers you'll be able to see a lot of like memory what you call that display drivers mouse drivers everything will be installed So every time VMware releases the new drivers, VMware tool drivers, whenever you install a new ESXi, whenever you upgrade to new ESXi version, the VMware tools also will be the native VMware tools will also be updated on the ESXi box and you will be able to see on VM that your VMware tools are outdated and need to upgrade. That's what the elite pop-up on all virtual machines and you need to update them. new tools so and a set of scripts that helps you to automate guest operating system operations the vmware user process vmware esc and windows guest or vmware user online guest which enables a copy paste text between the guest opening and the host operating system so yeah like when you try to copy paste something if even where tools is not there it won't allow you so this is the overview and some introduction about the vmware components vmware tools and other stuff so going forward in the next video we'll be seeing how to install esx a bow esx server how to download iso from the vmware site how to install vspere vspere server then how to create a vm how to enable how to create v motion how to create a network support groups, how to create a distributed switch, all stuff we will be discussing and also we will be discussing about some issues, interview questions, known issues, everything will be discussed in upcoming videos and I believe this video is informative for you guys.
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