Anal Warts (Condyloma): Treatment, Symptoms & Causes

Overview

Anal warts, also known as condyloma, are warts that occur in and around the anus, caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). They are a type of sexually transmitted infection (STI) spread through sexual or skin-to-skin contact.

• Appearance: Start as tiny, soft, dome-shaped bumps, light brown, yellow, pink, or flesh-colored, potentially forming large clusters.
• Risk Factors: Higher risk if you have unprotected sex, multiple partners, or a weakened immune system.
• Potential Risk: Some strains of HPV causing anal warts could lead to cancer if untreated.

Symptoms and Causes

• Symptoms:
  • Soft lumps around the anus
  • Discharge, bleeding, itching
  • May be asymptomatic
• Causes:
  • Mainly caused by HPV strains 6 and 11 (90% cases)
  • Spread through sexual intercourse or direct contact with infected areas
• Contagiousness: Anal warts are contagious, and HPV can be transmitted even when asymptomatic.

Diagnosis and Tests

• Diagnosis is usually made through physical examination, possibly using an anoscope for internal warts.
• Biopsy may be performed if warts are unusual or do not respond to treatment.

Management and Treatment

• Treatment Options:
  • Topical Treatments: Imiquimod, Podofilox, Podophyllin, Sinecatechins
  • Procedures: Cryotherapy, Trichloroacetic acid, Electrocautery
  • Surgery: Recommended for large or internal warts, using local or general anesthesia.
• Treatment Necessity: Essential to prevent warts from spreading or developing into cancer.

Prevention

• Get the HPV vaccine.
• Practice safe sex and use condoms.
• Regular screening for HPV and STIs.

Outlook / Prognosis

• Anal warts can recur because HPV remains in the body.
• Follow-up appointments may be necessary to monitor and manage the condition.
• Most cases do not lead to pain or cancer but require treatment to manage symptoms and prevent complications.

Living With

• Consult healthcare providers if experiencing symptoms such as lumps, itching, or discharge.
• Treatment is based on symptoms and severity; embarrassment should not prevent seeking care.

Additional Information

• Cleveland Clinic offers care for anal warts through primary care providers, emphasizing the importance of treatment to prevent complications related to HPV.