Object-Oriented Programming

Introduction

• Importance of Object-Oriented Programming System (OOPS)
  • Modern programming languages are based on it.
  • Necessary knowledge for placement and interviews.

Class and Object

• Class: A blueprint for solving real-world problems through coding.
• Object: An instance of a class, with properties and methods.

Constructors

• Special types of functions for creating objects.
• Three types:
  1. Non-parameterized constructors
  2. Parameterized constructors
  3. Copy constructors

Destructors

• Useful for the destruction of objects.
• In Java, there is a garbage collector, no need for manual destruction.

Polymorphism

• The ability to perform a task in different ways.
• Two types:
  1. Compile-time (function overloading)
  2. Runtime (function overriding)

Inheritance

• Utilizing the properties of one class in another class.
• Types:
  1. Single-level
  2. Multi-level
  3. Hierarchical
  4. Hybrid

Access Modifiers

• Control the accessibility of data:
  • Public
  • Private
  • Protected
  • Default

Encapsulation

• Binding data and code into a single unit.
• Helps in data hiding.

Abstraction

• Hiding unnecessary information and providing necessary information.
• Abstract classes and interfaces in Java are examples of this.

Interface

• An important concept of object-oriented programming.
• Overcomes the lack of multiple inheritances.

Static Keyword

• Useful to denote class-level properties and methods.
• Saves memory.

Conclusion

• All concepts of OOPS are extremely important for interviews and practical programming.

Through these notes, we have understood the fundamental concepts of object-oriented programming, which will help solve future programming challenges.