Hello everyone, I am Parth. I am a neat all-Indian ranker with the All-Indian Rank of 223. In today's video, we will do biological classification of each point of NCRT for the next 15 to 20 minutes. It can be 25 minutes also because this chapter is big.
I will be covering you. And I will be covering in such a way that has never been done in the history of YouTube. I will be revising some things through active recall. So I will be asking you these questions which I have made with my hard work, from NCRT. If you are able to answer, it means you know NCERT.
If you are not able to answer, then be careful, friends, that means you don't know NCERT. The mark in red is the questions that have been asked in the previous year of NEET, which you must know. I see these questions every year when a new paper comes.
Out of these questions, 70-80% of the paper is NEET's repeat. So you have to make these red ones in the important and you have to make the rest too. So let's start today's beautiful session on biological classification. biology hack shot series let's go so first question Dash was the earliest to attempt a scientific basis of classification who was he?
he was our Aristotle Aristotle classified plants into three things one was trees second was shrubs and third was herbs he divided animals into two groups one with red blood and one without red blood monera cell wall is made up of dash and dash whose made up is polysaccharide and amino acid all protists don't contain a cell wall all protists don't contain a cell wall is it correct answer? yes it is loose tissue body of organzation is present in loose tissue body of organzation is present in fungi morenals cannot be saprophytic answer is again false they can be saprophytic Holocene mode of nutrition is present in which kingdom? Who will tell?
Yes, the answer is animals. The Animalia kingdom contains saprophytic animals. Can people be saprophytic in the Animalia kingdom?
Absolutely. Whittaker gave 5 kingdom classification in 1969. Criteria used by Whittaker for classification was Which were the 5 criteria? Listen carefully, it has come in neat. First was the cell structure. Second, how is the body organization?
Third, how does the food eat in the mood of nutrition? Does it eat lying down or sitting down? Fourth, how should reproduction be? You don't have to tell about this. Fifth, how is the phylogenetic relationship doing?
Earlier, claymatomonas and Spirogyra were placed together under Algae Kingdom Dash has brought together Dash and Dash having cell wall with Dash and Dash lacking cell wall Kingdom Protista has brought together Chlamydomonas and Chlorella which had cell wall with Paramecium and Amoeba which did not have cell wall What is phylogenetic means? based on evolutionary relationship kingdom monera dash other sole members of kingdom monera bacteria 4 categories based on shape from here we will understand what is this this is our cocci this is bacilli this is spirula and this is vibrium Vibrio cholerae is a very good example of this which causes cholera. So bacterial structure is very complex yet they are very simple in behavior. Is it right? Some people may find it wrong but it is completely wrong.
Their structure is simple but behavior is very complex. So the answer for this is wrong. The dash shows the most extensive metabolic diversity.
Which one? Bacteria. The vast majority of bacteria are autotroph. The answer is false.
They are heterotrophs. DASH BACTERIA LIVE IN SOME OF THE MOST HARSE HABITAT Who? ARCHIBACTERIA There are 3 divisions of ArchiBacteria and their habitat So there are 3 divisions First of all, HELLOPHILES What does HELLO mean? Salt Salt means Who lives in the extremely salty area?
HELLOPHILES Our lovely HELLOPHILES Ok Spelling is written like this After this comes our ThermoacidophilesPHILES ThermoacidophilesPHILES Thermoacidophiles means What does it look like? which means they live in very hot places. So in hot springs, which are very hot places below the earth, who live there? Thermoacidophiles. After this, methanogens.
Where do methanogens live? In marshy areas where there is a lot of microorganism, methane is being produced, so who lives there? Methanogen live there. Archibacteria differ from others by having different cell wall structure They have branched chain lipids Which we call as Pantile side chain This is a special thing in Archibacteria which makes them different The reason for the survival of Archibacteria in harsh condition is Same thing I told you about branched chain lipids in their cell wall And also the absence of peptidoglycan is the thing that make them survive in extreme conditions DASH are present in the gut of ruminants called methanogens Are methanogens chemoautotrop or chemotrop? The answer is chemoautotrop U bacteria have rigid cell wall Is cell wall rigid?
Absolutely correct U bacteria if motile contains cilia? Absolutely wrong It contains flagella Cyanobacteria is also called DASH Have DASH type of chlorophyll What is it called? Blue green algae Which chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll A Sinobacteria can't be filamentous. Answer is false. They can be filamentous simply.
Sinobacteria can't be colonial. Answer is true. The colonies of Sinobacteria are surrounded by gelatinous sheath.
They form dash in polluted water. Some can fix atmospheric nitrogen in specialized cell called heterocyst. Example of bacteria containing H.cistar 2 examples are Anabina and Nostop DASH bacteria oxidize various inorganic substances such as DASH, DASH, DASH for energy Which bacteria?
Chemosynthetic autotropes They oxidize nitrates, nitrites and ammonia DASH play a great role in recycling of nutrients like? Who plays? chemosynthetic autotrophy Which nutrients to recycle?
nitrogen, phosphorus, fe and s DASH bacteria are most abundant in nature heterotrophic bacteria Nostoc is a filamentous unicellular cyanobacteria answer is filamentous DASH are helpful in making curd from milk production of antibiotics Who are they? answer is heterotrophic bacteria heteropoeic bacteria help in fixing of nitrogen in roots is it true? yes it is true name the four well known disease caused by bacteria and their causative agents so this is the data of MCRT as it is asked so I am telling you as it is cholera who causes it? Vibrio cholerae typhoid who causes it?
Salmonella typhi tetanus who causes it? Clostridium tetanus and Citrus canker. Who causes citrus canker? Xanthamona citri. As it is, it will come in the heat.
Bacteria produce pores in favorable condition. Answer is false. It will produce in unfavorable condition.
In bacteria, a primitive type of sexual reproduction is also present. Is it true? Answer is true. Three ways through which bacteria reproduce. What are the three ways?
First way, fission. Simple binary fusion 2nd method is spore formation Spore is formed 3rd method is sexual reproduction which is primitive method in the form of conjugation 3 ways through which bacteria do sexual reproduction again same thing came how sexual reproduction is done 1st is transformation 2nd is conjugation 3rd is transduction dash completely lacks valve wall Mycoplasma cannot survive without oxygen answer is What will happen? Can it survive without oxygen? False.
It can survive. Remember, mycoplasma cannot survive without oxygen. It cannot survive without oxygen. So, the answer is false. It can survive.
Dash are the smallest living organisms. Who are they? Again, mycoplasma. Mycoplasma are never pathogenic.
The answer is false. They can be pathogenic. All dash are placed under protistar.
The answer is false. single cell and eukaryote then protista will be called group under protista are 5 which group is it chrysophytes second is dinoflagellates third euglenoids fourth slime molds and fifth protozoans what are the members of protista primarily aquatic or terrestrial aquatic the kingdom forms a link with other kingdoms very good this is such a kingdom which tells how the link between plants and animals is protistite and comes on chrysophytes this group includes dash and dash what happens? what do we include?
yes, diatoms and golden algae which we call Desmits Desmits 55 will see, they are found only in marine water Is it true? False, they are found in fresh water too They are microscoping and are plankton Is it true? Absolutely true What is plankton?
Plankton is a person who float passively in water Means he doesn't use energy Water goes there Many of you will be like We are travellers Yes where life takes us we will go there so these are the people, these plankton also most of them are photosynthetic the cell wall forms two thick or thin overlapping shells which fit together as a so what will they make? two thin overlapping shells which fit together as a soap box remember it has come in NEET the cell wall are embedded with dashed and Thus the walls are destructible or indestructible? So embedded with silica and thus the walls are indestructible.
What is diatomaceous earth? Cell wall deposits of diatoms are called diatomaceous earth. That are chief producers of oceans.
What are the chief producers? The answer is yes, diatoms are the chief producers of oceans. Diatoms are the main sources of diatoms. What are the three things used in the earth? 1st is polishing 2nd is filtration of oils and syrups 1st is polishing 2nd is filtration of oils 3rd is filtration of syrups They are mostly marine or free water?
Talking about dinoflagellates So are they mostly marine or free water? Mostly marine And what are they? They are photosynthetic They appear of 5 colors Which colors are there? First is yellow 2nd green 3rd brown 4th blue and then red the cell wall has dash in the outer surface what happens they have stiff cellulosic plates they have 2 cilia answer is false they have 2 flagella both the flagella are perpendicular to each other what is it absolutely correct thing they are perpendicular in this way what is the example of red dinoflagellate example is guanulax red tide occur due to rapid multiplication of red dinoflagellate.
Red tide are good for marine fishes. Is it true or not? It is absolutely wrong. It kills marine fishes.
If we talk about Euclidnoids, are they marine or fresh water? The answer is fresh water. Are found in stagnant water?
The answer is true. Instead of cell wall, they have dash which is rich in what? It is pellicle which is rich in protein.
It eats protein. Euclidnoids have a flexible body. Is it true or not?
That's right Euclid have one single long flagella Single long flagella or no? False Two flagella, one short and one long Here you can see one long and one short So now what we understood Our euclid will have lot of protein and flexible body And will keep two flagella near him One will go and other will come Pigment of euclid are identical to those present in higher plants They are permanent autotrop Answer is False. Example is Euglena.
Slime molds are dashed protists. Which is the protist? The answer is saprophytic protist.
Under suitable or unsuitable condition they form aggregation. First thing to remember is that aggregation forms in suitable condition. It is called Plasmodium.
Plasmodium may spread over several feet. Absolutely correct. During unfavorable condition the plasmodium differentiate from floating bodies bearing spores at the tips is it true?
false during unfavorable condition it happens not favorable condition the spore possess true or false balls? true or false? the answer is true balls the spores are dispersed by how they are dispersed?
by air currents wherever the air goes, we will go protozoans all protozoa are All protozoa are heterotrophs Protozoa live as a dash or dash How? They will be like a predator or a parasite Dash are believed to be primitive relatives of animals They are old relatives Who? Protozoa There are four major groups of protozoa Four major groups What are they?
Amoeboids Flagellated protozoa Celiated protozoa And sporozoans Habitat of amoeboid protozoa. What are these three habitats? They can live in fresh water, in sea water, in moist soil. They capture their prey by putting out pseudopodia.
They will eat the pseudopodia They have dashed shells on their surface. Which shell will they be? The answer is silica shell.
Example of amoeba parasite. The example of amoeba parasite is simple. What is the habitat of flagellated protozoa? Will they be free living or will they be parasitic?
That means either they will be alone or they will suck blood. Some people are like this, either we will be alone or we will be killed. What are the examples of flagellated protozoa and what disease does it cause?
Flagellated protozoa. Trypanosoma and disease causes sleeping sickness Celiated protozoa cavity called gullet Example Celiated protozoa paramecium This is paramecium Sporozoans have a dead spore like stage Infected spore like stage What is the example of sporozoan Answer is Plasmodium And which disease causes it Malaria causes it Kingdom fungi or cosmopolitan Is it true? Yes it is true Fungi kingdom only contains multicellular organisms Answer is false, yeast is unicellular Their bodies contain long dash like structure called So, cylinder thread like structure called hyphae Hyphae are very important here The network of hyphae is called mycelium What are sinusitic hyphae? Hyphae are continuous tubes filled with multi-nucleated cytoplasm means cytoplasm is full of many nucleol that is synesthetic the cell wall is composed of dash and dash chitin and polysaccharide fungi are also parasitic why not?
all can be parasitic what are the examples of sympiont? so lichen and mycorrhiza reproduction by vegetative means by so how will it happen? by fragmentation, fission and budding Reproduction by asexual means by spores called dash or dash or dash by conidia, by sporengiospore or zoospore How will sexual reproduction happen?
Answer is by oospore, ascospore or by bascidiospore The spore are produced in our special bodies which we call as fruiting bodies Sexual cycle involves three stages Which three stages are there? So remember that plasma gammy is first Then cariogamy and mucous is there So in plasma gammy we will divide plasma In cariogamy we will divide nucleus And then mucous will be there Dicariophase is present in which two people? Eschemicetes and Bacitumicetes In dicarion cell two uncondition is present Is it right?
Answer is false Here it is not 2N but N plus N Basis of division of clindamase What are the three bases which we have divided the fungi 1. Morphology of mycelium 2. Mode of spore formation 3. Fruiting bodies Why so mycetes can't be obligate parasite on plants Answer is false It can be obligate parasite on plants Is Mycelium Aseptate or Septate? The answer is Aseptate and it is synocytic as we discussed in which the nucleus was not fused we discussed that it is arranged in this way Asexual reproduction by? So, which method is used for asexual reproduction? either by zoospore which is motile or by aplanospore which is non motile These spores are exogenous or exogenously produced These spores are endogenously or exogenously produced?
These spores are endogenously produced. How will they be produced? Endogenously. Produced in sporengium. A dash is formed by fusion of two gametes.
What is formed? The answer is Zygospore. Gametes are of three types.
Either isogamete gammas or anisogammas or oogammas. Gamma is a 3 examples of phycomycetes mucor albuco and rhizopus Dazzler parasitic fungi on mustard corn is albuco Escomycetes commonly what we call escomycetes what we call sec fungi sec fungi this scientific name is Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Moisture and nutrition 3R what are they either saprophytic or decomposer, or parasitic, or coprophilus copro means eats on cow dung Mycelium is branched or unbranched? It is branched Is it septate or accepted? It is septate Asexual Sporar What is it?
Conidia Coneidia are present endogenously or exogenously? Exogenously, as you can see, they are coming out. What produces Coneidia germination? The answer is yes, mycelium.
Sexual spore named dash? The answer is ascospore. Endogenously or exogenously?
Endogenously, it is produced. Sexual spores produced in dash? Which are dash-like? Where is it produced? Inside the eschi, which is a sac-like structure.
These Ascii are arranged in different types of fruiting body called Ascocarp. Examples of Ascocarp are Aspergillus, Claviceps, and Neurospora. Dash is extensively used in the biochemical and genetic work Neurospora.
Dash and dash are edible on morels and truffles. Remember this is in NEET. What is the commonly known form of basidiomycetes? Mushroom, bracket fungi, puffball Example of parasitic basidiomycetes 2. Rust and Smuts Mycelium branch or unbranched? Unbranched, septate or accepted A section spores are generally found?
Answer is False. Sexual spores are more commonly found. Vegetative reproduction is by?
Dash is common. It is common from fragmentation. Sex organs are present?
Answer is False. Sexual reproduction is present? Answer is True. Plasma chemistry occurs through somatic fusion.
The resultant structure is dash and which ultimately give rise to? Structure is dichariotic. Ultimately, it gives rise to basidium.
Karyochemiosis occur in? Where? In Basidium Basidiospores are exogenously produced in?
or on whom? On Basidium Basidia are arranged in fruiting body called Basidio Carp Example 3 Agaricus Common name Mushroom 2. Ustilago Common name Smut and Paxenia Paxinia Common name is Rust Detail of mycetes Commonly known as imperfect fungi Poor guy can't make it perfect They are imperfect fungi because Because they don't have sexual phase Reproduced by spore called What is their spore? Answer is Conidia About them it is said that When we define their sexual stage After that They are either placed in basidomycetes, escomycetes or phycomycetes. So, they don't have identification. If you see any such fungi that you don't know where to put, then they are placed in basidomycetes.
What are the features of mycelium? So, there are two features of mycelium. The first is septate and the second is branch. What is the mode of nutrition?
Either they are saprophytic, parasitic or decomposers of litter. They help in mineral cycling. Absolutely right.
I will tell you three examples. Alternaria solani, colitotrichum and trichoderma Kingdom plant or animalia? Example of insectivorous plant Answer is bladderwort and venus flytrap Example of parasitic plant is cascata Animal food is glycogen and fat All plants are eukaryotic chlorophyll containing organisms Wrong! Many plants don't contain chlorophyll In the Whitaker classification, he did not include any organism E-cellular organism, which doesn't have cells Virus have a dash structure outside the living cell What kind of structure is it?
Answer is inert, a crystalline structure Virus means dash or dash Virus means, its actual meaning is venom i.e. poison or poisonous fluid Dash gave virus its name Who gave it name? Pasteur gave it name Pasteur sir Dash recognized in year Dash Certain microbes as causal agents of mosaic disease of tobacco Who gave it name? D.J.
Ivanovski In year 1892 Dash saw that extract from infected plants cause infection in healthy plants. M.W. Bejarenkia We used to call it Bajrangia at that time. We call it Bajrangia.
The fluid that he mixed with the water. So what is the name of that? Contagium vivum fluidum And in which year? 1898 Dash in which year shows the virus could be crystalline Now we read MW So now it will be WM Who? Stanley sir In which year?
1935 Virus crystals contain largely of Proteins largely Virus are not obligate parasites They can be helpful too Is it true? Absolutely wrong Obligate parasitism is a virus. Virus can contain both RNA and DNA?
False. Either it will be RNA or DNA. Both can never be together. Virus is in short, what is it? It is a nucleoprotein.
How do you say it? Because what happens is that outside it is a structure made of a protein. Right?
Can you see it? This is a structure made of protein. What is inside?
It is a nucleic acid. So what will we call it? Nucleoprotein.
Virus infecting plants have degenerative material. How is it? Single standard. RNA.
How does infecting animal happen? So, keep in mind that single standard RNA can be there or double standard RNA can also be there or double standard DNA can also be there. What is the meaning of bacteriophage? That virus which eats bacteria.
Can any virus eat bacteria? No. So, virus that infect bacteria, not virus that eat bacteria. Because, normally we understand the meaning of phage as food.
So, but Phage means that it is not eating the virus bacteria Genetic material of bacteria phages is double standard DNA We have to understand that virus has to be very advanced to kill bacteria So it will keep double standard DNA The protein code is made up of Protein code is made up of capsomeres These capsomeres are arranged in dash or dash geometric forms How? It will be helical or polyhedral What are the examples of viral diseases in humans? 5 viral diseases are given in the society It is very important that it will cause mumps, smallpox, herpes, influenza or AIDS Which you all will never get These plants are viral diseases Which 5 are there?
First, mosaic formation can be done Or leaf lowering can be done, leaf rolling can be done And curling can be done And yellowing and vein clearing or or darfing and standard growth of plants ok so it is not that important just listen because it has never been mentioned in NEET Virates were discovered by dash in year dash which ones? T.O. Diner sir was there in year 1971 Virates are bigger than virus? answer is false Virates are smaller than virus it is a free RNA or DNA? what is a virus?
it is a free RNA They like a protein goat. The RNA of a virus is of high molecular weight. The answer is false. DASH are misfolded proteins.
Preons cause DASH in cattle and its analogous variants DASH in humans. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy is commonly known as mad cow disease. Mad cow. and such a person also goes crazy, although he is already crazy, but still if he goes crazy, then we call it Crudefield-Jakob disease, which is called CJD So it is said that those who eat cattle meat, they get Crudefield-Jakob disease because the prion goes inside them Algal component of lichen is called phycobiont and fungal is called microbiome function of alkaline fungal component respectively are so what is the work of algae? it will make food, it will go to the toilet it will make food for the fungi and what will the fungi do?
it will do all the hard work it will make a house, make a shelter, absorb the minerals, it will bring food to make the next day, so do you understand who is the alkyl? our mother most of the cases I am telling and what happened to the fungi? who makes a house and brings material, it absorbs minerals and brings water like in a very good indicator song pollution as they don't grow in polluted area need match so far so this is the 7th session we end today we had a lot of fun with all of you and hope you also had fun we covered these things very quickly and we will keep doing this daily sessions will keep going enjoy life and see you then