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What risks are associated with injectable steroid use?
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Injectable steroid use increases the risk of local and systemic infections.
What are the potential cardiovascular risks of using steroids?
Cardiovascular risks include an increased risk of coronary artery disease, altered cholesterol levels (lower HDL, raise LDL), erythrocytosis, and hypertension.
What is gynecomastia in males and what causes it?
Gynecomastia is the development of breast tissue in males due to excess testosterone converting to estrogen.
How do anabolic steroids enhance muscle growth?
They mimic testosterone by enhancing protein synthesis and promoting muscle growth, resulting in increased muscle mass and reduced fat.
How does the negative feedback system regulate testosterone levels?
It operates like a thermostat, adjusting hormone production to maintain balance.
What are some neuropsychiatric side effects of steroid use?
Steroid use can lead to mood disorders and aggressive behavior in some users.
How do anabolic-androgenic steroids differ from prednisone?
Anabolic-androgenic steroids enhance muscle size and athletic performance, while prednisone is used as an anti-inflammatory medication.
List some irreversible side effects of steroids in females.
Some irreversible side effects include a deeper voice and male pattern hair growth.
Describe the role of testosterone in the body.
Testosterone is the main male androgen that promotes masculine characteristics, produced mainly in males by the testes, and in smaller amounts in females by the ovaries and adrenal glands.
Explain the process of testosterone production involving the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and testes.
The hypothalamus secretes GnRH to stimulate the pituitary gland, which releases LH and FSH. LH then stimulates the Leydig cells in the testes to produce testosterone.
What effects can superphysiologic levels of steroids cause?
They can cause significant side effects and potentially dangerous consequences beyond normal physiological conditions.
Why might steroid use increase the likelihood of tendon ruptures?
Increased muscle strength without corresponding tendon adaptation can raise the risk of tendon rupture, such as in the biceps or triceps.
What is a common misconception about steroid use?
It is not limited to professional athletes; many recreational athletes, especially weightlifters and bodybuilders, use them.
What is the AG1 product mentioned in the context of steroids?
AG1 is a nutritional supplement mentioned at the end of the notes, suggesting its relevance or use related to athlete health support.
Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the Leydig cells in the testes?
Luteinizing hormone (LH) is responsible for stimulating the Leydig cells to produce testosterone.
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