Basic Parts of a Computer and Their Functions

1. Computer Case/System Unit

• Holds all parts of the computer system.
• Comes in various sizes and shapes to accommodate different components.

2. Motherboard

• Main board inside the computer case.
• All other components plug into the motherboard.

3. Central Processing Unit (CPU)

• Acts as the brain of the computer.
• Processes tasks by taking information from RAM.

4. Random Access Memory (RAM)

• Data storage device providing fast read/write access.
• Volatile memory (loses data when power is lost).
• Keeps data ready for the CPU.

5. Graphics Card (GPU)

• Output device that processes data from the motherboard.
• Sends information to the monitor for display.
• Connects using HDMI, DisplayPort, DVI, or VGA.

6. Sound Card

• Often built into the motherboard for audio output.
• Can be upgraded for higher quality audio.

7. Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

• Mechanical drive that stores information for retrieval.
• Functions as a boot drive for the operating system.

8. Solid-State Drive (SSD)

• Type of hard drive without moving parts.
• Uses flash memory to store information.

9. Power Supply Unit (PSU)

• Converts AC main supply from wall to DC voltages.
• Supplies power to all components inside the case.

10. Monitor (Visual Display Unit or VDU)

• Output device for visualizing graphics from the GPU.

11. Keyboard

• Input device for communicating with the computer.

12. Mouse

• Input device that allows pointer movement on the monitor.
• Enhances intuitive interaction with the computer.

Common Peripheral Parts

• Printer: Outputs images/documents on paper.
• Scanner: Digitizes paper documents for computer storage.
• Speakers: Connect to the sound card or monitor for audio output.

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Conclusion

• Summary of all components and their functions
• More information available at computerinfobits.com