Chapter 8: Ground Procedures and Flight Preparations

Introduction

• Importance of pilot decision-making throughout the flight.
• Emphasis on pre-flight inspection, maintenance decisions, refueling, and ground operations.

Pre-Flight Procedures

• Airworthiness Check: Inspect the helicopter using the Rotorcraft Flight Manual (RFM), Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH), or manufacturer information.
• Pilot in Command (PIC) Responsibility: Ensure aircraft is airworthy.
• Use of Checklists: Follow manufacturer's checklist for inside and outside inspection.
• Supplemental Equipment: Include on checklist if added to helicopter.

Minimum Equipment Lists (MELs)

• 14 CFR Requirements: All instruments and equipment must be operative before departure.
• MEL Concept: Adopted by FAA for flights with non-essential inoperative items under Part 91.

Maintenance Deferral

• Methods:
  • 14 CFR Part 91, Section 91.213D (simple and minimal paperwork)
  • FAA-approved MEL
• Procedure: Deactivate or remove inoperative items and place an inoperative placard.
• Complex Maintenance: Requires certified maintenance personnel.

Exceptions and Permits

• Non-Deferrable Components: Require repairs before departure.
• Special Flight Permit: For flights to maintenance locations when parts are unavailable.

Engine Start and Rotor Engagement

• Use Manufacturer’s Checklists: For engine start, rotor engagement, and systems check.
• Safety Measures: Ensure area is clear and blades positioned correctly.

Rotor Safety

• Main and Tail Rotors: Exercise caution near hangars or obstructions.
• Thrust Hazards: Be aware of blowing debris and reduced visibility.

Aircraft Servicing

• Refueling: Ensure proper grade and additives; may involve hot refueling (hazardous if not done correctly).
• Pilot Responsibilities: Remain vigilant during refueling.

Safety in and Around Helicopters

• Passenger Safety: Brief passengers properly to avoid rotor accidents.
• Ramp Attendants: Instructed to keep unauthorized persons clear.

Passenger Procedures

• Approach and Boarding: From the side, crouching, and within pilot’s view.
• Safety Gear: Seatbelts, flotation gear, and emergency equipment.
• Emergency Procedures: Passengers should know exit strategies and safety procedures.

Quick Turnaround Operations

• Dangers: Leaving cockpit with rotors running can be hazardous.
• Controls: Throttle should be rolled to idle and controls secured.

After Landing and Securing

• Parking: Position helicopter to avoid interference and keep safe from wind.
• Shutdown: Follow manufacturer’s checklist and report discrepancies.

Chapter Summary

• Emphasizes the importance of pre-flight checks and safety during ground operations.
• Detailed procedures for engine run-up, refueling, and handling maintenance issues.