Ancient Maya Civilization

Overview

• The ancient Maya civilization existed centuries before the birth of Christ.
• Primarily a rural society that cultivated most of their food.
• Corn is the most important crop for the Maya.

Agricultural Practices

• Successful corn cultivation requires knowledge of seasonal changes.
• Marking the changing seasons is challenging in a tropical climate with little variation in daylight.

Mundo Perdido (The Lost World)

• Located in the southwest corner of Tikal, one of the oldest sacred sites of the Maya.
• Construction began around 600 BC, largely covered by jungle today.
• Served a significant purpose in astronomical observations.

Astronomical Observations

• Maya climbed the central pyramid of Mundo Perdido to observe celestial events.
• They noted the positions of the sun in relation to three small structures (e1, e2, e3):
  • Summer Solstice: Sun rises behind structure e1.
  • Equinoxes: Sun rises behind the central pyramid (e2).
  • Winter Solstice: Sun rises behind structure e3.

Significance of Seasonal Changes

• The winter solstice indicates a time of dryness.
• The summer solstice signals the arrival of heavy rain.
• Knowledge of celestial events is crucial for predicting agricultural cycles.

Cultural Importance

• Astronomy is intertwined with Maya religion, not just a farming technique.
• Understanding seasonal changes represents a fundamental aspect of their spiritual beliefs.