Lecture on Pelvic Floor Muscles and Related Anatomy

Jun 28, 2024

Lecture on Pelvic Floor Muscles and Related Anatomy 🦴

Pelvic Floor Muscles

  • Gluteal Muscles:
    • Gluteus minimus
    • Gluteus medius
    • Gluteus maximus
  • Other Muscles:
    • Piriformis
    • Obturator internus
    • Superior and inferior gemellus muscles
  • Levator Ani Muscles:
    • Puborectalis
    • Pubococcygeus
    • Iliococcygeus
  • Ischiococcygeus Muscle (Coccygeus)

Function of Pelvic Floor Muscles

  • Group of muscles known as the core
  • Located from anterior pubic bone to posterior coccyx (tailbone)
  • Work with abdominal and deep back muscles to stabilize and support spine
  • Support pelvic organs such as bladder, rectum, and uterus

Anatomy of the Female Pelvic Floor

  • Anterior to Posterior Orientation:
    • Sacrum: Identify sacrum and hip bones (left and right pelvic bones)
    • Pubic Symphysis: Articulation anteriorly
    • Tailbone: Attachment of muscles from pubic portion to tailbone
  • Muscle Locations:
    • Puborectalis: Slingshot-like muscle around the rectum
    • Pubococcygeus: From pubic bone to coccyx
    • Iliococcygeus: Extends lateral to pubococcygeus
    • Levator Ani Muscles: Includes puborectalis, pubococcygeus, and iliococcygeus
    • Ischiococcygeus (Coccygeus): Posterior muscle

Additional Model Observations

  • Piriformis: Displayed on model
  • Obturator Internus: Lateral muscles
  • Sexless Model: Used to display muscles without gendered distinctions

Review of Key Structures

  • Kidneys: Right kidney and left kidney
  • Adrenal Glands (Suprarenal Glands): Located on top of kidneys
  • Abdominal Aorta: Main artery in abdominal region
  • Inferior Vena Cava (IVC): Drains to right atrium
  • Arterial Branches from Abdominal Aorta:
    • Celiac Trunk
    • Superior Mesenteric Artery
    • Inferior Mesenteric Artery
  • Renal Arteries and Veins:
    • Left Renal Artery and Vein
    • Right Renal Artery and Vein
  • Gonadal Arteries and Veins (can be referred to as testicular or ovarian)

Differences in Venous Drainage

  • Right Side: Gonadal vein drains directly to IVC
  • Left Side: Gonadal vein drains to left renal vein, then to IVC

Additional Muscles Covered

  • Transversus Abdominis: Part of the abdominal region
  • Quadratus Lumborum: Located near lumbar vertebrae
  • Psoas Major: Runs from pelvis downwards
  • Iliacus: Located on iliac crest of pelvic bone

Urinary System Review

  • Ureters: Connect kidneys to bladder
  • Bladder: Stores urine
  • Urethra: Excretes urine from bladder