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What is the primary energy currency of cells?
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ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
What are the products of glycolysis?
2 Pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH
What does NADH and FADH2 do during cellular respiration?
They transfer electrons to the electron transport chain.
What is the range of estimated ATP yield per glucose molecule in aerobic respiration?
30-38 ATP
How does the Electron Transport Chain generate ATP?
By creating a proton gradient that powers ATP synthase through chemiosmosis.
Where does glycolysis occur within the cell?
Cytoplasm
What are the products of the Krebs Cycle for one glucose molecule?
2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, CO2
Why is mitochondrial research important?
To understand mitochondrial diseases and their impact on cellular energy production.
What role does oxygen play in the Electron Transport Chain?
Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor, forming water.
What is one of the key differences between aerobic respiration and fermentation?
Fermentation occurs without oxygen and is less efficient in producing ATP.
Which cellular structure is primarily involved in aerobic respiration in eukaryotic cells?
Mitochondria
During which step of cellular respiration is Acetyl CoA produced?
During the intermediate step when pyruvate is transported into the mitochondria
How can cyanide affect cellular respiration?
Cyanide can inhibit the electron transport chain, preventing ATP synthesis.
What is the significance of the proton gradient in ATP production?
It drives ATP synthase to convert ADP to ATP during chemiosmosis.
In which part of the mitochondria does the Krebs Cycle occur?
Mitochondrial matrix
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