Computer Registers in CPU

Introduction

• Computer Registers: Temporary storage within the processor.
• Flow of Data:
  • Data from main memory → cache → registers → processor
  • Processor executes operation and returns data back: registers → cache → main memory/output device

Components of CPU

• Central Processing Unit (CPU)
  • Registers
  • Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
  • Control Unit
• Local Bus: Connects cache to CPU

Data Flow Overview

• Data: memory/input device → main memory → cache → registers → ALU (operation) → registers → cache → main memory/output device

Types of Registers

• Program Counter: 12-bit, holds address of next instruction
• Arithmetic Register (AR): 12-bit, holds address from memory
• Instruction Register (IR): 16-bit, holds instruction codes
• Temporary Register (TR): 16-bit, holds temporary data
• Output Register (OUTR): 8-bit, holds output characters
• Input Register (INPR): 8-bit, holds input characters
• Data Register (DR): 16-bit, holds operands
• Accumulator: 16-bit, stores operation result (also called processor register)

Memory Size of CPU

• Memory Size: 4096 words with 16 bits per word