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Differentiate between cilia and flagella in terms of function and location in cells.
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Cilia are found in respiratory tract cells and aid in expelling particles, while flagella help in movement (e.g., bacteria have flagella; sperm cells in humans).
Distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Explain the function of lysosomes and mention where they are mainly found.
Lysosomes contain enzymes to breakdown waste and are mainly found in animal cells.
Where can ribosomes be found in a cell and what is their function?
Ribosomes can be free in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER, and they are responsible for protein synthesis.
Explain the significance of the cell wall in plant cells.
The cell wall provides support and protection in plant cells.
Explain the roles of chromatin and nucleolus within the nucleus.
Chromatin is DNA in a tangled form, while the nucleolus is the site of ribosome synthesis.
Where are chloroplasts found and what is their primary function?
Chloroplasts are found in plant cells and are the site of photosynthesis.
Identify the powerhouse of the cell and how it produces energy.
Mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell, producing ATP through cellular respiration.
What are the unique features of plant cells compared to animal cells?
Plant cells have chloroplasts, cell wall, and large central vacuole.
Describe the differences between rough ER and smooth ER.
Rough ER is studded with ribosomes and transports proteins, while smooth ER is involved in lipid synthesis and has no ribosomes.
What is the function of the cytoskeleton in a cell and what is it composed of?
The cytoskeleton provides cell structure and is composed of microfilaments and microtubules.
Identify the unique features of animal cells.
Animal cells do not have a cell wall or chloroplasts but contain lysosomes and smaller vacuoles.
What is the main function of the Golgi Apparatus?
The Golgi Apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins.
What are the three principal components shared by all cells?
Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, DNA
What is the role of vacuoles in plant cells?
Vacuoles are storage sacs, prominent in plant cells for storing water.
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