Supersonic Cruise Missiles: BrahMos

Brief Introduction

BrahMos Supersonic Cruise Missile: World's fastest cruise missile.
- Speed: 2.8 times the speed of sound (Mach 2.8 = 1 km/s).

Nose Cap: Protective covering for the missile's nose.
Seeker: Located at the nose of the missile; crucial for target acquisition and tracking.
- Technologies: Thermal imaging, infrared imaging, platform stabilization, high-precision inertial navigation.
Control System: Keeps the missile on its flight path with navigation commands.
Warhead: Contains explosive or toxic material to destroy the target.
Fuel Bladder: Stores liquid fuel.
Combustion Chamber: Burns the air-fuel mixture.
Solid Propellant: Used in the initial propulsion phase.

Two Phases: Mid-course and terminal.
- Mid-Course: Uses inertial navigation system (INS).
- Terminal Phase: Switches to active radar homing for higher accuracy.

Function: Uses motion and rotation sensors (gyroscopes and accelerometers).
- Gyroscopes: Measure and maintain orientation and angular velocity (yaw, roll, pitch).
- Accelerometers: Measure proper acceleration.
- Autopilot Computer: Processes data and sends commands to guidance electronics to steer the missile using fins.

Function: Missiles find and track targets autonomously using transmitted electromagnetic radiation.
- Transmitter and Receiver: Emits and receives electromagnetic radiation to and from the target.
- Measurements: Time delay, velocity, acceleration, distance, and other variables.
- Autopilot Computer: Steers the missile based on processed data.

Two-Stage Propulsion: Solid and liquid.
- First Stage: Powered by solid propellant engine.
  - After ~9 seconds, solid engine falls away.
- Second Stage: Powered by ramjet engine.

Function: Uses atmospheric air at high velocity.
- Compressed Air: Enters the combustion chamber.
- Combustion: Fuel sprayed and ignited, producing thrust.
- Thrust: Propels the missile to its target.

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