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What does the term arteritis refer to?
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Arteritis refers to the inflammation of arteries.
What is the purpose of angioplasty, and what does PTCA stand for?
Angioplasty is used for widening a blocked or narrowed blood vessel. PTCA stands for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.
What is the term for the surgical suturing or repair of a blood vessel?
Angiorraphy
What condition does phlebitis refer to, and what can complicate it?
Phlebitis refers to the inflammation of veins and can be complicated by thrombophlebitis if accompanied by a thrombus.
What is the process and purpose of endarterectomy?
Endarterectomy is the surgical removal of the inside of an artery, often performed to prevent strokes.
What is the significance of venothromboembolism (VTE) in clinical practice?
Venothromboembolism (VTE) is significant because a thrombus in a vein can embolize, leading to conditions like deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE).
Describe angiography and list its types.
Angiography is an X-ray technique using contrast medium to visualize blood vessels. Types include coronary, pulmonary, cerebral, and extremity angiography.
What can a vasospasm cause in tissues?
Vasospasm can lead to tissue ischemia and necrosis due to the sudden closure of blood vessels.
What is the result of a vasovagal reaction in the body?
A vasovagal reaction leads to bradycardia and vasodilation and can cause fainting (syncope).
Define the term cerebrovascular.
Cerebrovascular relates to the blood vessels in the brain.
What does an angioma typically indicate when found in a patient?
A benign tumor affecting blood vessels, which can be a symptom of liver disease.
What are the physiological and induced causes of vasodilation?
Vasodilation can be physiological or induced by vasodilators like nitric oxide, nitrates, or ACE inhibitors.
Describe an aneurysm and its potential shapes.
An aneurysm is the dilation of a weakened artery wall and can be fusiform or berry-shaped.
Differentiate between arteriosclerosis and arteriolosclerosis.
Arteriosclerosis is the hardening of arteries, often due to calcification, while arteriolosclerosis is the hardening of arterioles, affecting blood flow regulation.
Explain vasculitis and give an example.
Vasculitis is the inflammation of blood vessels and is often autoimmune; an example is giant cell arteritis.
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