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Explain the significance of pain receptors in the PNS.
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Pain receptors recognize excessively strong stimuli that may be harmful.
Explain the function of the ventral horn of the spinal cord in the PNS.
Contains motor neurons that send information to peripheral organs.
What are the functions of brachial, lumbar, and sacral plexuses?
Brachial plexus serves the shoulder, arm, and hand; lumbar plexus serves the lower back, abdomen, and thighs; sacral plexus serves the pelvis and legs.
What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system in the PNS?
Prepares the body for rapid response to threats.
What are encapsulated nerve endings and their functions?
Specialized nerve endings with protective coverings, involved in precise sensory reception like touch and pressure.
Define dorsal root ganglia and its role.
Contains cell bodies of sensory neurons.
Differentiate between the somatic and autonomic nervous systems within the PNS.
Somatic controls voluntary movements, while autonomic controls involuntary functions and is further subdivided into sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.
What are the types of sensory receptors discussed in the lecture?
Mechanoreceptors, nociceptors (pain), thermoreceptors (temperature), and proprioceptors (position).
What are the primary divisions of the autonomic nervous system and their functions?
Sympathetic system prepares the body for threats, while parasympathetic system calms the body and maintains normal functions.
What are the components of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?
Includes all nerves and ganglia outside of the brain and spinal cord.
Differentiate between the dorsal and ventral roots in the PNS.
Dorsal root carries sensory information to the CNS, whereas the ventral root carries motor information from the CNS.
Explain the role of sensory receptors in the PNS.
Sensory receptors detect changes and send information to the CNS through sensory nerves.
Explain the role of proprioceptors in sensory input processing.
Proprioceptors provide the sense of body position and movement by detecting changes in muscle tension and joint movement.
Describe the functions of dorsal and ventral rami.
Both carry motor and sensory fibers in the PNS, with differing distribution to the body.
Describe the functions of dorsal and ventral roots in nerve pathways.
Dorsal roots transmit sensory input, while ventral roots carry motor commands to muscles and glands.
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