all right so in this video what we're going to look at is the difference between keratinized cells versus non-keratinized cells and this um may sound confusing but really it's not that confusing so let's look at um layers of our tissue so as we reviewed in the previous video we have the epithelial tissue which is on the outer surface and then we have your connective tissue which is underneath that's where you have the blood supply and then underneath that we have the bone so if we're looking at our hand what we're seeing the first thing that we see is our skin and the skin is your epithelial tissue underneath the skin we have connective tissue which is where your blood supply is and then we have the bone underneath that so when we say something is keratinized okay keratinize is basically um your is referring to your epithelial cell so it's referring to these cells it's referring to these cells over here so these cells could be keratinized or they could be non-keratinized and let's look at the difference between the two so if i go down over here okay so keratinized okay so i'm just going to write down keratinized cells okay so keratinized cells are strong i want you to think of carotenoid cells as something strong and i'll give you some examples and you can also think of something waterproof where um where water won't be able to go inside the skin okay so it's kind of waterproof and it's as strong it feels hard so think about your hand your hand is um if you look at the skin skin it's waterproof so there's a lot of um the cells on your hand is waterproof in the sense that water cannot seep through the skin cells okay so karachini cell is something strong it's something waterproof it's also cells with cells that have no nuclei or no nucleus i'm gonna say no nuclei so remember how when we have cells there's usually like a nucleus in the middle well in the keratinized one there is no nucleus in the middle in our body the most heavily keratinized or strong and waterproof part in our body is our um palm to the palm of our hand and it's also the bottom of our feet the soles of the feet that is the most keratinized uh body parts we have in our body i'm gonna focus more on you know what we're more interested in in her oral cavity in her mouth but before i do that let's look at what non-keratinized cells are so let's write this down non-keratinized cells so non-carotenoid cells they are soft okay so instead of it being strong it is now soft um and it's definitely more flexible and this is the key thing over here that is more flexible that's how you can distinguish between a a keratinized and non-keratinized things so we'll look at that and they have the cells have a nuclei so if i'm looking at a cell there is a nuclei or nucleus inside there so let's look at this picture over here this is someone's mouth and the first thing i want to talk we're going to look at is the gums so here's the gums okay do you guys think the gums are keratinized or non carotenoids are they strong are they hard or are is the gum soft can you move the gum can you flex the gum so your gums are keratinized so you're looking at the keratinized section gingiva is keratinized because it is strong i cannot flex my gingiva i cannot flex my gums it's also waterproof water can't really seep through the keratinized cells okay let's look at the next one i want you guys to look at this over here so alveolar mucosa which is this area that i'm outlining here so if i pull my lip and i see my alveolar mucosa over here and then further out is my labial mucosa is that strong is that hard or is that soft it's soft because it is flexible i can move right i can flex i can move i can squish with my hand i can move it i can squish my mucosa so your alveolar mucosa your lips are considered non-keratinized because it's soft it's more flexible and think about your lips you can push your lips you can um you know you can open your mouth you open your lip your lip is also considered non-keratinized because it's flexible it's soft let's move this over here your hard palate okay so this is your hard palate and then at the back we have a soft palate so hard palate is that keratinized or non-keratinized your hard palate hard being the key word here so if you look anything that's strong i shouldn't say anything that is um hard is keratinized so your hard palate because it's so hard it's keratinized but your soft palate is not keratinized and the reason why it's not curating is if you put your tongue on the soft palate you can actually see it bounce up and down you can actually move it ever so slightly so that's why it's non-keratinized so if you look over here soft palate is non-keratinized alveolar mucosa your lips your cheek use buccal mucosa so your outs your buccal mucosa is your inner cheek you can flex it right because you can play with your cheek you can pull out your cheek you can pull you know you can play with it it's flexible your cheek is flexible that's why it's non keratinized soft means non-keratinized the floor of the mouth so if i were to open my mouth and look in the bottom of my mouth it's softer it feels soft because it's soft it's non-keratinized now another thing i want to point out to you is something called the oral epithelium or outer epithelium junctional epithelium and sulcular epithelium so i'm going to show you a picture a really poorly drawn picture and we'll look at this in another video but the outside of your gum so this over here the outside of your gum is considered keratinized and that's what we what we said right the outside of your gum is keratinized and it's hard you can't flex it but the inside of your gum so if you're looking at the sulcus so this area here is the sulcus which is where i usually probe if i'm probing and probing in this area here that is actually more softer than this area over here so sulcular epithelium as well as your junctional epithelium is a lot more softer and think about it if i were to probe in this area here there would be a little bit of give like i could actually you know feel the flexibility and the softness when i use my probe and because there is that little bounce and give it in a softer it's known as non-keratinized anything that's soft is non-carotinized so this is known as your sulcular se for sulcular epithelium because it's in the sulcus this area over here is the sulcus the inside of the gum and a new junctional epithelium is the bottom of the gum the base of the sulcus is what we call it the base so if i were to probe the end of the probe will hit the base of the sulcus which is your junctional epithelium and again your junctional epithelium is soft that's why it's non-carotinized so oral epithelium or outer epithelium is keratinized some people even say it's partially keratinized or para keratinized which means it's kind of kind of hard but for the most part i want you guys to think that this is keratinized this is non-keratinized because it's softer that's why i can probe in that area and it won't hurt because it's a little soft