[Music] it's English time Hi I'm teacher Mitch Come and join me as we learn English the easy way Subscribe to my channel and hit the notification bell to keep updated with my latest uploads Please also share and hit the like button if you appreciate my videos Thank you Hello Hello Grade 8 welcome to the opening of this school year I bet you are Our target learning competency for this video is analyze literary text as expressions of individual or communal values within And here are the topics covered for this session Types of character in a short story Methods of characterization You have to take note stories for this quarter Afroasian literature Afroasian literature is a term used to describe the spoken or written literary works such as short stories and poems by people from Africa and Asia Short story pros literature Aside from pros another type of literature is poetry previous grade level As a review pros and poetry are two different forms of writing and they differ mainly in structure and style Pros is written in ordinary language and follows natural flow and grammar It includes paragraphs and is used in novels short stories essays and articles It focuses more on clear communication of ideas [Music] Poetry on the other hand is written in verse and often follows a specific rhythm meter or rhyme scheme It uses figurative language imagery and condensed expression to evoke emotions or create vivid pictures In short pros sounds like everyday speech while poetry is more artistic and expressive often with a musical quality Now let's jump to discussing the structural element of a short story particularly character and characterization Learning about character and characterization in a short story is important because it helps us understand the people within the story their actions thoughts and growth Characters drive the plot and reflect human nature emotions and the challenges people face in real life A character is a person animal being creature or thing represented in a story Writers use characters to perform the actions and speak dialogue moving the story along a plot line A story may have only one character who is the protagonist and still be a complete story Most stories have multiple characters interacting with one of them as the antagonist causing a conflict for the protagonist We also have to take note that characters can be round A round character is complex with different traits and emotions For example Don Huan of Ibong Adara He is brave kind and forgiving But he also experiences sorrow betrayal and doubt His character has emotional death and moral growth especially when he chooses to forgive his brothers Flat character A flat character has only one or two traits and little improvement For example King Fernando He is portrayed mainly as a sickly and helpless king whose role drives the plot But his character doesn't show much depth or change Dynamic or developing character A dynamic character changes significantly throughout the story For example Don Pedro Initially selfish and envious he eventually asks for forgiveness from Don Huan This shows some degree of character change even if it comes late in the story Static character A static character stays the same from beginning to end For example Don Jgo Unlike Don Pedro he remains cowardly and easily influenced showing no significant growth or change in character Now what is characterization characterization is the way an author reveals a character's personality traits and motivations in a story It helps readers understand who the character is how they think and why they act a certain way There are two main types of characterization First is direct characterization The author tells us directly what a character is like For example Luna was a kind and honest girl The next one is indirect characterization The author shows the character's traits through actions speech thoughts appearance or how others react to them For example Luna helped the old woman cross the street with a warm smile Characterization [Music] Now that we've explored the different types of characters in a short story like round flat dynamic and static characters we can better appreciate the roles they play in shaping the narrative But how do authors bring these characters to life how do we as readers come to understand their personalities motivations and growth to answer that we turn to the methods of characterization These are the techniques writers use to reveal who their characters truly are And in Afroasian literature where culture tradition and values are deeply embedded in storytelling these methods become even more powerful Let's now take a closer look at how authors use both direct and indirect characterization to craft meaningful and memorable characters [Music] There are five main methods of characterization especially used in indirect characterization This help readers infer what kind of person a character is based on what is shown not just told Use the acronym steel to remember them S for speech T for thoughts E for effect on others A for actions and L for looks Speech What the character says and how they speak Do they speak politely or rudely are they honest or sarcastic for example a character who says "I don't need anyone's help." may be proud or independent Thoughts What the character thinks or feels privately Their inner thoughts can reveal fears desires or values For example if a character constantly worries about failing it shows insecurity Effect on others How other characters react to or feel about the character Are others scared of them Do people admire or avoid them example if everyone trusts a character with their secrets it suggests they are trustworthy Actions what the character does and how he or she behaves Actions often speak louder than words For example a character who shares his or her food with someone in need shows kindness Looks The character's appearance or how they present themselves Clothing expressions posture and hygiene can reflect personality For example a character who always wears clean neat clothes may be organized or proud of his or her image Thanks for watching [Music]