Lecture on Tetracycline

Introduction

• Tetracyclines are a class of protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotics.
• Broad-spectrum antibiotics used to manage and treat various bacterial infections.
• Includes both naturally occurring and semi-synthetic drugs, as well as newer glycylcycline subclass.

Objectives

• Summarize the tetracyclines' mechanism of action.
• Review potential adverse effects.
• Describe necessary patient monitoring.
• Outline interprofessional strategies to improve care and outcomes.

Indications

• Treats a variety of infectious diseases, including:
  • Rickettsial infections, chlamydial infections, acne, and many others.
  • Covers specific bacteria such as MRSA, VRE, and more.
• Off-label uses include Helicobacter pylori eradication, malaria, and periodontitis.

Mechanism of Action

• Tetracyclines inhibit the 30S ribosomal subunit in bacteria.
• Prevents binding of aminoacyl-tRNA, stopping protein synthesis.
• Results in bacteriostatic effects (halting bacterial growth).
• Resistance mechanisms include ribosomal protection proteins and efflux pumps.

Administration

• Administered orally, topically, or via IM/IV.
• Poor penetration into the cerebral spinal fluid.
• Absorption can be affected by multi-valent cations (e.g., calcium, magnesium).

Adverse Effects

• Common: GI distress, teeth discoloration, photosensitivity.
• Rare: Hepatotoxicity, renal failure exacerbation, intracranial hypertension.
• Risk of Clostridioides difficile associated diarrhea.

Contraindications

• In pregnancy due to risks of hepatotoxicity and fetal development issues.
• In children under 8 due to teeth discoloration.
• Caution in patients with renal failure.

Monitoring

• Dosage varies between adults and children over 8.
• Monitor serum levels and absorption interference by certain antacids and foods.
• Can affect efficacy of oral contraceptives.

Toxicity

• Overdose can lead to liver failure and death.
• Tetracyclines are not dialyzable.

Enhancing Healthcare Team Outcomes

• Importance of targeted therapy to prevent antimicrobial resistance.
• Interprofessional collaboration between pharmacists, clinicians, and nursing staff.
• Counseling on medication use and potential adverse effects.
• Ensures optimal patient outcomes and reduced risk of drug-resistant infections.

References

• Cited various studies and articles on tetracycline use and effects.

Disclosures: No relevant financial relationships declared by presenters.