hey guys nurse Mike here and welcome to simplenursing.com before we get today's lecture started please remember to access your free quiz and preview our cool Nifty new study guides not here on YouTube click the link right up here at any time during this video all right guys let's begin Now potassium's function is to maintain heart and muscle contraction hyper calmia is over 5.0 so the big signs and symptoms is the heart will be tight and contracted like a cramp so you're going to have hyper heart St elevation peaked t- waves wide qrs's in severe hyp potassium we will have viib as well as cardiac standstill also hypotension low blood pressure and bra cardia because guys everything in the heart is so tight and contracted now in the GI it'll be tight and contracted as well so diarrhea and hyperactive bow sounds too much going on right here in the bows now third neuromuscular you'll have tight and contracted so paralysis in the extremities basically they can't move paresthesia or numbness increased DTR is these deep tendon reflexes too much action and contraction also profound muscle weakness or basically just a general feeling of heaviness so guys a real quick enlex tip for you words like profound and severe are late and serious signs indicating a priority patient so guys always assess these Patients First now hypo calmia hypo meaning low and slow this is less than 3.5 potassium we usually start seeing signs and symptoms below 3.0 now first in the heart it's going to be low and slow so guys flat t-waves ST depression and also write this down prominent U waves heck is a uwave shut up you now number two muscular system will be low and slow so you'll have decreased deep tendon reflexes flat acid paralysis meaning paralyzed limbs like they can't move now the GI track will be low and slow so guys decreased motility hypoactive bowel sounds and constipation abdominal distension and please write this one down it's very important paralytic ilas basically meaning a paralyzed intestine now this is priority because it could lead to an SBO a small B obstruction basically the intestines could explode so hyper and hypo calmia this high and low potassium guys try not to get confused here because both of them have confusion and weakness for neurological as well as respiratory failure so guys stick to the top three I just listed above and you should do well in your test all right next we have salty sodium AKA just sodium sodium's three functions is to maintain blood pressure blood volume as well as pH balance so what happens if you have too much and are hyper nmic so basically your your patient's going to be big and Bloated so the Skin's going to look like Santa Claus to be honest you'll have flush red and Rosy Cheeks a big aenimus water bed skin and also a low-grade fever second polydipsia for excessive thirst because all the excess salt in the body now third these are late and serious signs these three right here so write these down swollen dry tongue big tip for the ankle guys also nausea vomiting and increased muscle tone very very severe hyperic late signs write them down guys huge for the test now hypo this low sodium depends on the cause either too much or too little fluid but guys in both cases you have top three priorities first is neuro you'll have seizures and Comas second is the heart you'll have tacac cardia basically a high heart rate as well as weak threat pulses third you'll go into respiratory arrest meaning your patient's not breathing technically both high and low sodiums have neurological deficits like restlessness and fatigue as well as dominal cramping but remember hyper nmia severe signs as nausea vomiting red beefy tongue and increased muscle tone next we have the family favorite Miss 4eyed chloride she is so cute she always follows her sister around Miss salty sodium and does everything that sodium does so her main function is the same as salty sodium so we have three here it's to maintain blood volume blood pressure as well as pH in your body fluids so with Hyper chloride emia it's going to be nearly the same as high sodium you'll have nausea vomiting swollen dry tongue as well as confusion now with hypo you'll have nearly the same as low sodium so excessive diarrhea vomiting sweating as well as fever that's really the only difference here woo doggy we have Magnum magnesium the sheriff in town he's the guy with the big guns here his main function is to maintain Law and Order in the muscles by calming them down keeping the peace mainly in the heart uterus and the Deep tendon reflexes now magnesium is required for both calcium and vitamin D absorption and this is why his best brand is calcium okay guys so write this down hyper mag all the organs will be calm and quiet so think in your mind the big guns the Sher is in town so the heart is going to be calm and quiet you'll have heart blocks prolonged PR intervals basically the heart is calm and quiet as well as Vital Signs like bra cardia or low heart rate and hypotension a low blood pressure so the Deep tendon reflexes will be common quiet you'll have hypo reflexia decreased dtrs lungs will be calm and quiet depressed shallow respirations and the GI well you guessed it calm and quiet hypoactive bow sounds now for hypo magnesium this is totally the opposite there's no sheriff in town no law in order hypo mag everything is like Buck Wild y so the heart's going to be Buck Wild your EKG is going to show torsades de Poes basically a tornado in the heart you'll also have V FIB possibly as well as a high heart rate called teoc cardia but for EKG specifically you'll have St compression and t-wave inversion now number two for our deep tendon reflexes guys they're going to be going Buck Wild like hyper reflexia increased dtrs and number three the eyes are going to be going Buck Wild abnormal eye movements called in the stagis and number four the GI system will be going buck wild with diarrhea now technically both with Hyper and hypo mag the neurological system will be confused and irritable as well as the lungs you'll have shallow respiration ations and up next we have cocky calcium from Muscle Beach California because calcium CA kind of looks like California Ca calcium's main function is to keep the 3B strong bones blood and beets blood for clotting factors and beats for heartbeats so hypercalcemia everything is going to be so swollen and slow with moans groans and Stones so constipation from a swollen and slow GI bone pain because calcium is leaving the bones and going into the bloodstream we'll also have kidney stones called renal calculite as well as deep tendon reflexes will be swollen and slow so decrease dtrs and severe muscle weakness okay now next is hypocalcemia now this one's a little bit fun because cocky calcium goes to Mexico Baja California so he learns two new dance moves so write this down travas which is basically that arm torque with a blood pressure cup on and also shiak sign basically the smile when you're stroking the cheek guys those are the two biggest ones for your next test so write those down he'll also have diarrhea so just think he had bad burritos in Mexico and lastly circum oral tingling basically tingling around the mouth lastly let's think about his job functions making the three be strong the bones the blood and the beets but guys calcium's on vacation you think he's going to think about his job functions so you think we'll have strong bones no they're going to beak weak so you're going to have a risk for fractures strong blood clotting no so you're going to have a risk for bleeding what about strong heartbeats no you'll have cardiac dymas all from this hypo low calcemia now last but not least is friendly frat boy phosphates calcium's worst enemy he basically does the opposite that calcium does now phosphate is essential for bone and teeth formation and helps regulate calcium even though yes they're complete enemies so guys please write this down they always work inversely so if calcium's High then phosphate is low and when calcium is low then phosphate is high so hyper phosphate emia guys think low calcium because remember High phosphate low calcium calcium went to Mexico so you're going to have those two dance moves trovas sign as well as shivax and you also have diarrhea and write this down because we just covered it weak bones a risk for fra is weak blood a risk for bleeding and weak Beats from cardiac dries lastly we have hypo phosphatemia so think high calcium swollen and slow with moans groans and Stones so we'll have constipation decreased swollen dtrs deep tendon reflexes severe muscle weakness as well as decreased heart rate respiratory rate and kidney stones from the renal calculi thanks for watching for our full video and new quiz Bank click right up here to access your free trial and please consider subscribing to our YouTube channel last but not least a big thanks to our team of experts helping us make these great videos all right 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