Development Stages in Adolescence

Overview of Adolescence Stages in Filipino Context

• Three Stages: Early, Middle, Late Adolescence (Corpus et al.)
• Theories may disagree on definitions and stages of development.
• Emerging Adulthood: Recognized as a stage in early 20s, likened to a second puberty, where individuals still grapple with adolescent issues.

Erik Erikson’s Theory of Development

• Erikson’s Stages: Eight stages of development characterized by crises.
• Crises represent opportunities for developing values and virtues.
• Failure to resolve crises can lead to negative behaviors.

Stages of Development According to Erikson:

1. Infancy (Trust vs. Mistrust)

   • Key Figure: Parents
   • Crisis: Can I trust the world?
   • Positive Resolution: Ability to trust others
   • Negative Outcome: Mistrust leading to isolation.

2. Early Childhood (Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt)

   • Key Figure: Parents
   • Crisis: Developing independence.
   • Positive Resolution: Self-control and independence
   • Negative Outcome: Shame and doubt in abilities.

3. Late Childhood (Initiative vs. Guilt)

   • Key Figure: Teachers
   • Crisis: Developing initiative and aspirations.
   • Positive Resolution: Sense of purpose and direction
   • Negative Outcome: Perfectionism and excessive guilt.

4. School Age (Industry vs. Inferiority)

   • Exposure to assignments and peer comparison.
   • Positive Resolution: Feeling competent and industrious
   • Negative Outcome: Feelings of inferiority and self-doubt.

5. Adolescence (Identity vs. Role Confusion)

   • Key Figure: Significant others
   • Crisis: Discovering self-identity.
   • Positive Resolution: Clear sense of self
   • Negative Outcome: Indecision, confusion, and antisocial behaviors.

6. Young Adulthood (Intimacy vs. Isolation)

   • Crisis: Establishing intimate relationships.
   • Positive Resolution: Ability to commit to relationships and work
   • Negative Outcome: Isolation and lack of commitment.

7. Adulthood (Generativity vs. Stagnation)

   • Crisis: Contributing to society and guiding the next generation.
   • Positive Resolution: Generativity in parenting or work
   • Negative Outcome: Stagnation and self-centeredness.

8. Old Age (Integrity vs. Despair)

   • Crisis: Reflecting on life.
   • Positive Resolution: Sense of fulfillment and integrity
   • Negative Outcome: Regret and bitterness.

Changes During Adolescence

• Ability to comprehend abstract ideas (e.g., freedom, human rights).
• Engagement in reckless behavior due to underdeveloped self-control mechanisms.
• Experimentation in various activities to discover identity and interests.

Important Skills for Filipino Adolescents

• Courage: Stand up against negative influences.
• Self-Esteem: Develop a positive self-image, avoid people-pleasing.
• Media Literacy: Critically assess information from media sources.
• Social Awareness: Engage and be aware of social issues.
• Healthy Lifestyle: Embrace physical and mental wellness.
• Spirituality: Develop personal values and virtues.

Conclusion

• Understanding Erikson’s stages can aid in personal development and navigating life’s challenges.
• Awareness of adolescent skills is crucial for successful transition into young adulthood.