Correlational Research

Definition

• Correlational research is a non-experimental research method that studies the relationship between two variables.
• It involves quantitative data to identify patterns, trends, or insights.
• The aim is to establish relationships between variables and observe how one variable changes in relation to another.

Purpose of Correlational Research

• To measure the relationship between two variables.
• To determine how one variable predicts the presence or absence of another variable.

Aspects of Correlation

1. Direction

   • Positive Correlation: Both variables increase together.
     • Example: More money → Higher happiness.
   • Negative Correlation: One variable increases while the other decreases.
     • Example: Skipping classes → Lower exam scores.
   • Zero Correlation: No relationship between the two variables.
     • Example: Height does not affect intelligence.

2. Magnitude

   • Refers to how strongly related the variables are.
   • Types of correlations:
     • Strong correlation
     • Weak correlation
     • Zero or no correlation

Important Notes

• Correlation does not imply causation: Correlational research does not establish cause-and-effect relationships.
• In contrast to experimental research, variables are not manipulated; they are merely measured to observe relationships.

Conclusion

• Correlational research is essential for understanding relationships between variables without the need for experimental manipulation.
• Useful for guiding future research projects or studies.