The Living World Overview

It's going well. The kids are enjoying it. It's going very well. Sir, I'm going. Wait, where are you going? Sir, I'm going to buy Mangifera Indica. What is it? Mango. Mango. Tell us in Asan language. Sir, I said it in Asan language. This is the language of Bio. The scientific name of this is Mangifera Indica. I was not there. Oh, no problem. By the way, your names might be Chotu Bittu types. Chotu? Badu. Badu? Badu. You are Chotu? Chotu. Chotu. Badu. But everyone knows you as Digraj, Shobit and Prashant sir. Right? The same Mango guy. Mango Pasani. ...is called Homo Sapiens. Okay. So this is the language of the bio. We are a bit advanced, right sir? Okay, so this is what you have to read in the 11th bio. I had read it for 10 seconds. I told you the size is good. Okay. But sir, this is the first chapter of the 11th, where... You will learn how the organism is classified and classified. Plus, you will learn how the organism is classified. Because of which our studies will become easy. This is not a subject for kids, we are all going to study. But we should also know. Carry on. Ok kids, so let's read the first chapter of biology which is The Living World. So let's start today's biology's easiest chapter, which is The Living World. Kids, what all we have to study today, first of all we will see in this slide. And you have to understand that thing and write that thing in exams. So first of all If I talk about what we have to cover today, then first of all introduction which we know a little bit and we will discuss. Then we have to study characteristics of living organism. Then we will see what is taxonomy, what is nomenclature and we will discuss about taxonomic categories. So children, We will clear these 5 topics in this chapter. And this chapter is over. Ok kids. So let's start with our new chapter whose name is The Living World. Kids, from the name itself it is clear that ma'am, we are going to talk about living organisms only. Correct. That means whatever you are getting, you are getting it right. Today I am going to discuss about living organisms. If I ask you that is there any living organism, how will you tell? Simple ma'am, someone is breathing, we can also say that it is a living organism, it is eating something. something is working, there are some reactions going on in it. In this way, we can say that ma'am this is a living organism. Correct. Whatever you will tell, in the same way you will tell that yes, in this way we can say that a human is living and living. Okay, today I am going to tell you the same thing that any organism that breathes, if it is breathing or moving from one place to another, for that we will consider that what is that organism? Children, it is a living organism. Fifth, any life form that exhibit or possess qualities of life, being alive is referred as living things. Yes, all the organisms in which you can say that there is life, quality, quality of life and all things are doing it in a proper way. Assume if there is a sick person also, in case, if assume there is a sick person also and He is breathing and all functions are happening in it Even if something happens up and down, that's fine But we don't call it dead We call it that organism is living organism But kids, have you ever thought that How will we compare living organism with non-living? Look, understand When we were small kids Then we used to say normal That ma'am, he is breathing so he is living organism Ma'am, he is not breathing so he is non-living I understand that, we used to study that when we were young because now we have come to 11th standard So we have to study a little bit of detail So first of all we will discuss their features Features means we can say characteristics or features we can use any word So first of all one is defining and one is characteristic feature I will change the color so that you can read easily So first of all, what happens in defining? This feature is only in living organism. Means all the living organisms are seen there. And there are no exceptions in this. Ma'am, you are saying that this does not happen in living organism. Yes, the defining features are only in living organism and not in non-living. There are no exceptions. Now for example, Metabolism, Cellular organization, Consciousness All these things come in your defining feature Now listen carefully, each word means Like Metabolism, Cellular organization, Consciousness I will explain all these in the next slide No need to take tension, just understand this much Now, second question is, which child is the child? characteristic feature characteristic feature me kya hota exceptions matlab uska pura ulta kar do ki matlab ma'am ye dono me hotay matlab ki living me bhi hotay hai non living me bhi hotay hai bacho ye dono me hotay hai matlab yaha bhi toh ek me present hai but yaha pe dono me hotay and of course agar main baat kar rahi hu dono me present hai that means usme exceptions bhi hongi kuch na kuch kaise pehle toh ye samjho ap growth ki main baat Growth I have said that ma'am living or non-living how is that possible that growth is happening Now just like in living we understand ma'am that yes there is normal organism in which growth is happening but how in non-living So I will tell you, you will have a lot of interest in going to the mountains in non-living, a lot of people have that Means we have to go for a walk, we have to do tracking, we have to go there and eat maggie Some people have to go to the mountains and eat ice cream Have to do something different So when you will notice one thing on the mountains When you will go normally When? In the summer time So the mountains will look very normal to you Means you will see mountains like mountains But when you go in the winter time So you will see snow in it Due to snow, the growth of the mountain will look a little bigger So it is the same There is also growth in it If you see So, in which it comes? In your characteristic feature. Now, exceptions are present. Here, the next point I have written that there are exceptions in it. Children, understand this thing a little carefully. What do you think? Every living organism can reproduce? No, obviously not. Sometimes, some complications come in the female. Or some fertility issues come. Due to which what happens? female can't give birth or can't reproduce the new baby. So, in that they do test tube baby and see all these options. Now, this is the turn of humans. Now, I will say in animals. An example in animals is your mule. In Hindi, it is called Khachar. So, the mule is infertile. Means, it cannot increase its generation further. It cannot fertilize. Right? So, these are the exceptions in which reproduction is there. Ki ha! Normally ma'am told correctly that living organisms can reproduce but there are exceptions somewhere. So in which case do you get exceptional cases? In your characteristic features. Okay children, did you understand? Your first one was defining, second one was characteristic. Defining is there in all living organisms but not in non-living. It is there in both characteristics and you get to see exceptions. milte. Ciao! Did you understand till here? Now let's move forward. Next is characteristics of living organism. If I tell you that there are different characteristics in living organism. Like here I told you, children. Here I told you these words. Now we have to understand their meaning. Yes, I know about you people that you must be knowing a little bit. Because in 10th standard, everyone must have read the meaning a little bit. But no problem, you can read Manushri ma'am again, there is no problem, but we will read in a little detail. So the first characteristic of living organism is growth. Second will be reproduction. Third metabolism, cellular organization and consciousness. We will discuss all these points one by one. So first of all we discuss about growth. to growth We say that growth is seen in every organism. We are talking about living organism, nothing will come on here. So we are talking about growth of living organism. So what happens in growth? Both mass and number increase. Like here is one, then two, then by doing this, it is dividing like this. Now we get to see the same thing in animals too. But the growth in animals is a certain age. Like ours also happens, our growth is also one. It happens till a certain age. After a time, everything stops. But if I talk about plants, they continuously grow throughout their life span. So, what happens in growth? Both mass and number increase by cell division. When cells are divided. Our body is made up of cells. Everyone knows, right? Fundamental unit of life. By the way, this chapter is also in the 11th. But yes, we have discussed a little about cells in the 9th. Next is reproduction. Reproduction means to produce new organisms. What does it mean? To produce new organisms or offspring. We call it reproduction. Here you are saying production of new individuals or progeny. Reproduction is not found in any non-living object. Yes, we know this. It is not found in non-living. All these things are found in living. But Pam had told us one more thing two slides ago that there are some exceptions. We get to see. Tell us the same thing here. There are many living organisms which can do and do not reproduce like mules, the cockroaches that I had told you. Sterile human couples, worker bee, yes. We talk about worker bee, which makes honey. they also have worker bees with them, so they can't reproduce. This is not taken as defining property of life. Yes, not defining, where did I tell you this thing? In the characteristic feature, okay? Let's move ahead. Now, we know that reproduction is of two types, one is sexual reproduction and the other is asexual reproduction. In detail we will study in 12th standard about sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction But you must have studied in 10th standard Where there is involvement of gametes We say that sexual reproduction is happening And if there are many single cells, if there are many binary cells Then we say that asexual reproduction is happening Let's go. So, we don't need to go into so much detail, we will study this further. Next comes Metabolism. There are many reactions in the body. So, its sum is called Metabolism. The sum total of all the biochemical reactions occur inside the body. And what are they doing? They are creating energy in our body. Due to which we are able to do a lot of work. We are able to speak, walk, think from the brain. There are many things. What we call it Metabolism Particularly if I talk about it, then Metabolism has two main things What is one? Anabolism What is one? Anabolism And the second is One second And the second is Catabolism Okay What does Anabolism mean? To be of any thing Right? The synthesis of any thing We call that Whatever is being made in our body We call that anabolism And if anything Can be said that it is getting destructed Or it is getting breakdown Ok kids What we call that Catabolism Now every animal like bacteria, plants Has metabolism We get to see metabolism in everything Metabolism is nothing all the biochemical reactions due to which it is inside the body and it makes energy. Ok, we have called it Metabolism. Ok kids, next comes our cellular organization. Brother, you know this, the meaning of cellular organization is that all living organisms are made of cells. The fundamental unit of life. That's why what do we call the cell? Basic, what do we call cell? Basic structural, basic structural, one second, basic structural, functional unit of life and functional. Unit of life. Yes. So our body or we or living organism either made up of one cell or many cells And because we are humans, we are complex, so we are made up of more than one cell So it is the defining feature of the living organism So here you can see the diagram of one plant cell and the other of the animal cell This diagram you have read in 9th standard Now you will study a little further, but everyone knows that this is plant cell, so the second is animal cell. Next comes the fifth number that is consciousness. It happens, right? Assume you are sitting in a nice class, you are studying comfortably, it happens. It has happened with me too that when I am studying, those people enjoy it a lot from behind. They pinch it like this, they pinch it or do something that you feel because of it. Or you get angry or laugh at the same time Why are you studying? Why do you want to disturb? Right? So that is called Stimulus And whatever response you are giving Anger, laugh or you got hurt very fast Okay? What do we call that? It comes in consciousness And the humans are self-aware Of all things Right? That we know this thing If it is like this here, then it is like that there Do this, do that All those things are ideas But what happens in plants? These poor people can't do anything like this. So what remains in them? Light remains, water, temperature due to which they respond. If you give water, they become happy. Not like this, if we talk biologically, then they get to see tropism. Water, light, temperature, for that they give response. So the ability to sense the surrounding environment and respond to these environments, Chumala, are called consciousness. Stimuli means this thing, all of them. Stimuli means all of them, this thing. Due to which living organisms give response. Okay, you write this once and then we will start the next topic. So kids, here I have given you another diagram of touch me nod. Touch me nod is called in Hindi as Chui Mui. So as you touch it, leaves close and then it opens. So the touch that is there, that is also a stimuli for them. So this is also an example of a mimosa pudica or touch me not. Now let's move on to the main thing, which we call biodiversity, which we have to actually study about. As you understand in this way, that where you live, there must be a lot of people living there. Like, There are some Marathis, some Punjabis, some Sindhis, some other Bengalis etc. Okay, South Indians are there, everyone is living together. But you all live together, you all live in a very good way. Okay, so what does it mean that you are living together, you are living comfortably, so there is no such problem. So to say the same thing means biodiversity. Biodiversity means different numbers refers to the number and type of organism present on earth. We have called it biodiversity. In this whole earth, different species of living organisms, how many species, how many means how many, the find out that has been done till now is this much. 1.7 to 1.8 million species are still living in our earth. So what we call that? Biodiversity. All the living organisms that are living on earth and all the species that we have told you 1.7 to 1.8 million All these are described by the scientist. Right? The scientist has described all about them. But obviously we will not be able to read all this but we will be able to read all this very well. Ok kids, so what we have called them? Word Biodiversity. Let's move ahead. What is taxonomy? When we were doing briefs, I told you that we have to read about this. What is taxonomy? In taxonomy, identification, nomenclature, characterization and categorization of species is done. Means, suppose I have given you any organism, right? Or you think that your mother has given you some stuff. Now you have brought different things by mixing them and she said, son, you store it. Now you will think that how will I put it? I mean I don't understand. Then what will you do? First of all, you will see it as it is looking the same. Or you will see it as whose similarity is right. Similarity is who is similar, who is different and dissimilar. If you don't know his name, then you will go and ask your mother that what is his name? That means, understand it like this that here you will classify any organism. How will you classify? That we can arrange in such a way, we can see his characters, what are the characters. Then in which category you will keep them, then you will also name it. Because without names... A O A A You will call it like this and what else? So naming is very important Of any organism Now you have a friend Now she has become a very good friend But if you call it A O A A You will call it like this and she will like it My name is very good Call me with this name Call me with the name which is my name So what do we call it? Nomenclature And I will tell you about Father of Taxonomy Okay? Let's go So here we first see what is systematic I can understand by the name of systematic Mom doesn't say that these are books It has spread a lot You arrange it in a systematic way Systematic means that you are arranging it properly Yes, living organisms have also been arranged like this Only then we will be able to read We are reading Now assume everything is kept like this Everything is like garbage Will it be easy for us to read? No, it will not Hannah, I'm... If we go to the library, we will keep books in different sections of different subjects. And it will be very easy for you to find it. Yes, ma'am said that this is the section in biology, you go here. Now I came to know that there is a mix of physics, chemistry, math, and humanities. So, how can a person get frustrated that I have got all the books except for the book of bio. So what our scientists have done is, they have made it easy for us to read something easily. For that, word is systematic. So systematic means, this word is a Latin word. It is not different, you will mostly find Latin everywhere. Latin word is where you do systematic arrangement of living organism, so that you can read it easily, you can study it. So systematic is the another branch of science that includes the study of classification, nomenclature, identification and evolutionary history. Okay, here what you do is you classify any organism, right? Then after that you also name it, that means nomenclature is done. Then what is identification? What are the similarities and dissimilarities that you are identifying? And what are you looking at? Evolutionary history. who are their common ancestors when you are seeing that we talk about ourselves we talk about ourselves or chimpanzee now see the gorilla Gorilla is the mix of both human and chimpanzee so what are our common ancestors? same so on behalf of the same things what we do? we do arrangements evolutionary evolutionary means that ancestors have been talked about before ok now Linus Linus used, means this scientist, I have told you so well, this scientist Linus used Systema Naturae as the title of his book publication. So what did Linus do? Living organism, means he published a book whose name was Systema Naturae. One second. Okay. Systema Naturae. This was the book which he had published in which he systematically arranged. Okay? Let's go. Next, you can write first if you want. Now, identification. If I talk about identification, it is the method of identifying the organism, comparing the similarities and dissimilarities with other organisms. who is similar and who is dissimilar on behalf of that What you do on the graph is you identify the living organism So I have told you a diagram in this way that how you will identify So if you want you can write its definition Now let's move on to the classification In classification, we keep the living organism in such a place Where you can see that it is convenient, easy We categorize the living organism in such a place where they easily observe. So this is also a way to make the way of teaching easy. In identification, you did similarities and dissimilarities. In classification, now you keep the organism in such a way that we keep them where we can easily and conveniently study everything. So what does this classification do? It makes study of organisms convenient. Means it makes it easy for us to study. What have we called that? Classification is easy, there are two small definitions of two lines, you should understand. Let's go Nomenclature is very important, very important, write IMP, write IMP, very important, and very important means definitely it will come, it will come in your exams. So naming of organism like if we have a child or a newborn So, the name of the newborn is also kept. Why is it kept? Because obviously if we don't call it by name, then what is AOA? We will not call it like that. It is important to keep a name in school too. So, it is very important to keep a naming, naming of any organism. The difference is just a little bit that the people around us know us. Right? And the people who are going to study now will be named like this, who will be world-wide famous. Matlab It will be known all over the world. Okay? So, here nomenclature has been talked about, children. That means naming of organism. So, the process of naming of living organism, it has been called nomenclature. And here, one second. And here you see that naming, means we also have the same thing, right? Name and surname. Some have middle name too. But normally mostly the name and surname is there. So, here also you see that Each organism has two names. Two word names. First is generic name which we call genus. And second is specific epithet which we call species. Now we will talk about it later. There are some things where you should know what it is. So the names are given according to the certain rules are followed by the biologists all over the world Just I had told you that whatever we are naming of the organism We are doing it like that where it is world wide famous Where everyone is knowing Now like mango, I am telling you a mango I say mango I will go somewhere else in Maharashtra, they will say something else I went to Hyderabad, they will say something else Wherever I go, different words are used, meaning mango is pronounced differently. Even the name is different. But if something like this happens, you go to a foreigner and ask him to eat mango, he will not understand what you are trying to say. Mango will still understand. But there are many places where it is not so clear. So what did the scientist do? He made our work easy. How? What did he give? He gave scientific names, meaning nomenclature. nomenclature. It is two names, meaning your genus and species. They have made two things by combining them. Because of which they have become world wide famous. Now if you type like this on Google, then you will get the scientific name of Mango from the name of Menjifera Indica. So what is here? To make it common around the world various, international code has been established. Some international code has been established so that you can get this name. which has made everything easy for us so that we know the scientific name ok so in our book two are given ICBN and ICZN ok International Code of Botanical Nomenclature and International Code of Zoological Nomenclature ok, the plants related to botany are talked about right these are two codes ok which are established so that we can understand the name easily And these are for animals. Okay. There are many more, kids. But because we are studying NCERT, these two are sufficient for us. Okay. So write it once, then we will move forward. I guess you can see it. Now, very important, some things that we should know. Now, it is universally accepted principle. Yes, now what I told you, the scientific name should be known to everyone. This system of nomenclature provided by the very good scientist Carlos Linus. He is also called the father of taxonomy. That's why I didn't tell you at that time. Okay. So he has done a lot of work. And he is also called the father of taxonomy, kids. Okay. Father of taxonomy is also Carlos Linus. And this Your about binomial nomenclature I have not told you the whole thing there are some rules I will tell you the rules how to write and how to understand ok so I have given you two examples very easily Mango, Mangifera, Indica ok you have to remember a little ok it will be easy to remember ok kids so one is your Mango, Mangifera, Indica and we we are Homo sapiens kids ok what are we? we are Homo sapiens ok It was said to human beings. Now very important, this question comes. Write this as vimp. Right? And it will come. Okay? Come on. So first of all, see here that each name has two words. I told you. One is your genus and the other is the specific epithet. Which we call species. Okay? So one is your genus. This one is your genus. And this one is Species. Okay ma'am, you understood. Now you must have noticed one thing. That the first alphabet of the genus is written in capital. Okay. The first alphabet of it is written in capital. One second, I should do white color because I can't see. Okay. That which is written is written in capital. And the second one is written in small. Do you understand? The first alphabet of genus is written in capital and the first alphabet of species is written in small. Sorted? Did you understand? Okay. Now if you see in your book, in NCRT, these are written in italics form. So when they are in printing form, they are written in italics so that you can understand easily. But if I give you this question in the exam that write the scientific name of mango And you are writing ma'am mangiferra indica So will you be able to write in italics? No, so what will you do? You will write like this but what will you do below that? You will underline If you underline it will be easy for me and you will also be able to write quickly for you So it will be easy for me and it will be easy for you too Look here Biological names are generally Latin and written in italics These are biological names but they are mostly Latin words And these are written in italics It means they are written in a little crooked way Both the words in biological names when handwritten are separately underlined or printed in italics Either they will be printed in italics And if you are writing it yourself Then you will underline two different words like this Means here the word of genus and under the word of species you will underline. The generic name must have starts from the capital and the small letter of genus I have just told you. Example is given in this, Mangyphara indica. Mangyphara in mangyphara is genus and indica is the name of species. Okay, did you understand? Now Sometimes, So the third name is the author's name which is written in abbreviated form. So that thing is told. Author's name in abbreviated form appears at the end of the biological name. It is not written always, sometimes it is written. It is possible that sometimes I may ask you that sometimes what is that L I double N. So you should know. So here was about our complete rules. If you want, then you write once. After that we will discuss the next topic. Rules are very important, note it down first Then we will move on to the next topic So now let's move on to the taxonomic categories But the taxonomic category means the ranking Like suppose I give you a small example Suppose you have a problem in school First of all, you share that problem with your friend But suppose it is a problem that you want to tell the monitor Or we tell our class teacher You went to the class teacher with your problems Then you went there So they thought that yes, I should pass on this problem further Then where did that problem go, children? To your coordinator Then where did that thing go while increasing? Straight to your vice principal Then where did it go after increasing? To the principal Only the principal goes to the parents. Such things happen. It started with our friend. While doing it, it went up. It went to a big, small to big level. That is our problem. And sometimes you must have noticed. Assume that the problem will be so small. Suppose something happened but by mixing salt, chilli, spices in it Or you can say that small thing is very big and there are 2-4 lines and by adding that it goes to parents Means you start thinking that something like this did not happen but it was somewhere else, it went to a different level So, here also something like this happens that if I talk about the taxonomic categories If I talk about rank or level here, means hierarchy, First you have to go near it, then here, So here first of all, what comes in the smallest? Species Then comes your genus, family, order, class, phylum or division Both things come And then comes your kingdom So what it means to say is that whatever is happening here All these taxonomic arrangements are called taxonomic categories Why? Because it will be easy for us to classify For us, about kingdoms... or it will be easy to study about living organisms otherwise what will happen we will start studying on behalf of this species then later it will come to know that this was unicellular this has become multi here means while coming up confusion will be created for us so it was better If we go up from the bottom, that is, from species to kingdom, then what will you see here? Here all the organisms look similar to you. What do you realize coming up? No, coming up till here, all the similarities have decreased. I mean whatever I thought, I took all the organisms, I have taken plants and animals as an example I have taken all of them I am saying that these are the similarities These are the similarities Coming up, I understood that no Kingdoms are going different Plants have been kept in plants Animals have been put in animals But here I was feeling everything Everything was there I got to see a few similarities But here something different happened Some herbivores You thought that yes, these are herbivores Right? I got to know that there are many plants and you are also calling them autotrophs I got to know that there are many other things that are changing So here it means that when you start with species So you get to see more similarities Coming up you get to know that no, everything is different Means the similarities are decreasing here Okay, so for this common mnemonics which is used everywhere you have to understand that only you can say kingdom keep dish dishes or dish or plate clean otherwise family family get Sick. Not six. Sick. S-I-C-K. Gets. One second kids. A little. Family. Gets. Sick. Okay. So here what are these common mnemonics which are used everywhere. Okay. Keep. dishes or plate clean otherwise family gets sick ok so here we have nothing to do we have to read about them little by little with examples that what we have told you similarities and what has changed so we have to discuss that thing so first of all we will start first of all you guys write ok Okay, now we will start about species. Children, I had told you about species. That in species, two names, means we have made normal scientific names from two things. One is your genus, then the other is your what? It is the species. Okay, so here you see, Taxonomic study consider a group of individual organisms with fundamental similarities as species. I had told you. All the similarities you have, you put them in one species mostly. Okay, now, For mango tree that is indica is species Means the second name is Mangifera indica Indica was a species Specific epithet which we call Orb genus Mangifera Now here potato What is called in potato? Scientific name of potato is Solanum tuberosum What are you seeing in lion? Panthera leo So this leo is also a species tuberosum is also a species indica is also a species homo sapiens sapiens is also a species ok so all these things are coming in your species it is simple and according to the similarities it is considered ok next comes genus now from here you will start seeing some things different till now it was normal in the species that whatever species they have you kept them all in the same Indica, Indica, Indica all became same then after that all Solanum all like this you kept in one place now what is your genus genus means the first name I told you that is your genus so see here now a group of related species which has more characters in common comparison to the species of other genera all species of genus Presumed to have evolved from the common ancestors Isn't it? It is said that they may have common ancestors Like you see first of all This example of potato is given Solanum tuberosum So what other examples come in this? Potato will also come Brinjal will come Okay, are two different species But both belongs to the genus Both of these species are different Isn't it? How is it different? See the name S means Solanum is formed. Then look at their name. All the names are different. What is one? Tuberosum is there. Right? Means potato. Means its S means genus and this Tuberosum is the species. Ok. Now here you see about their genus. Their genus is again their solanum is Lycopersicum. Ok. This is of tomato. Then what happened to brinjal? Menlojena. Ok. Melon gena, what happened to it? It happened to your brinjal So what is being understood? Ma'am, species is fine Everyone has Solanum But all of their genus is different, so then only which species, means what do you say? That both belongs to the genus Solanum, ok? Everyone's Solanum means what is the genus of everyone? Solanum, similarly now I will tell you one more example Here you see Lion, Tiger and Leopard. All of them have the same genus. Panthera, Panthera and Panthera. All of them are same but all have different species. Leo, Tigris and Pardus. So here tell me the same thing. Lion, Leopard and Tiger with several common features. Yes, there are some features. Are all species of the genera Panthera? But sometimes we also know this, we correlate cat. This genus differs from another genus. This genus is different. Cat's genus is different. What is cat's? Phallus. What is cat's genus? It is phallus. We say that the family is same. We will discuss that with the family. But here we are telling about species and genus. That genus is same for everyone. Here, the first word is panthera panthera panthera Even though the species are different But all the genus are same But if I say let's go a little higher So what I will say is that their family is same So first you see that you are understanding that How many things are getting further complicated All these are happening differently So write it once Then we will discuss in the next video comes family. Okay? So what do you say in family? that family has group, has a group of related genera with still less number of similarities it gets a little less as the similarities come as compared to genus and species in genus and species, we were still doing it a little bit together but here you will get to see less similarities ok, now see the example three different genera, this is solanum, petunia and dhatura this is solanum, petunia This is your dhatura. All of these, all of these, which family did we keep? Solanaceae. Where did we keep all of these? In Solanaceae. Now, what I told you last time, Lion, Tiger, Leopard, Cat, All of these, all of these, everyone's family is the same. Where did all of them come? In the palady. Where did we keep all of these? Children, in the palady. Understand carefully, You must be thinking that you have to memorize a lot of things in the first chapter. No, you don't have to memorize anything. You have to understand the basic things. And the same basic things are given in your NCERT which you have to write in the exam. As simple as that. With examples. Okay? There is no story to take so much tension. Pitunia became Solanum. Pitunia, Solanum, Dhatura. Which family are you keeping all of them in? Solanaceae. Okay? They are their family. Now their... Now the whole family is put in the category of cat It is very easy, there is some difficulty Next order First remember the mnemonics I told you Keep plate and dishes clean Otherwise family gets sick You remember that And on this behalf K will come first you have to bring it down. Now let's come to our order. What do you tell in order? Categories like species, genus and families are based on number of similar characters. We have read till here. The similar characters are less in number as compared to different genera includes in family. Plant families like Cornvulvulaceae, Cornvulvulaceae, Solonaceae are included in the order. and Polymoneals based on the floral characters So here if you see Convolvulaceae and Solonaceae The order of these two families is Polymoneals And here you can see the dog Faledi and Canidae The dog comes in this family The cat and the lion that I told you comes in this family What do they eat? They are carnivorous So, in order, we put them in carnivora Did you understand? So, carnivora include families like Fallidae and Canidae It is easy You have to read the same examples that I am telling you There is nothing to worry about Come on Now let's move on to the next part, in the class What are you seeing in the class? That this category includes related orders Right? That means what we will tell further should be a little related Suppose if I told you about family here So your order is related to family Now what happened to your class related to order? Right? That is, from each other, which you have read last and the next one you are going to study, there will be some relation between them like I told you species, species is genus, then from genus your second came like this you came here till class family, then order, then class so for example, here you see that we studied polymonyals and sapindales ok, I will tell you about sapindales later, now we will discuss what is its example So, all these come in dicot. But in 10th standard, you must have studied monocot and dicot. So, you get to see something like this in dicot and monocot in which you get to see only one. Like this, in this type. So, here you see that now what is your second order? Primeta and Carnivora. Carnivora I have told you. And primeta is the one which has brain. Which can think also. like brain, hands, everything, like we, monkeys, all these come in primates. And what is in all these? What we get to see? Mammary glands, we talk about them, so all these come in mammals. And they are talking about polymoneals and sapindales, so their class becomes dicotyledons. Cotyledons, which we are talking about seeds, the cotyledons are seen in seeds. And what is the main work of cotyledons? that it stores food. Okay, now understand this much. In the coming chapters, I will tell you about Cotyledons in more detail. And in 12th it is in more detail So cotyledon means some kind of grass, peas that you can open like this And like wheat or maize etc. Which is the same, so how do they live? Children come in monocots So what are we reading here now? About dicots Write it once Then we will discuss further So now let's come to the next topic Next one which we were reading division Next hierarchy which we are calling division or phylum So guys this is very simple, finally we have come to the bottom Right? Means our chapter is almost going to end So here all the organisms which belong to different class They have some common characters in them Like, you see First of all understand this The division is basically used for plants Right? And the phylum is used for animals You have to remember this It is upside down P for plants and P for phylum should be there But it is upside down So here you see the division Whose dicotyledon and monocotyledon Just now in the previous slide we had told What are monocots and dicots Their division is angiosperm Angiosperm is called by the flowering plants Isn't it kids? Who is called Angiosperms? It is called flowering plant Means such a plant Where there are flowers, fruits Isn't it? It is called Angiosperms By the way, we will read in the coming chapters also Okay? Morphology of flowering plants So I will ask you You must also know What is called? It is called Angiosperms Such plants Which have flowers What do we call them? Kids, we call them Angiosperms And here phylum Chordata Chordata which contains notochord Like amphibians come in it Amphibians means I am talking about frogs Reptilia like snakes Aves means birds came in it And Mammalia in which we come So what is the phylum in all of us? Chordata So now till here The story of division and final has come to an end. It has gone very easily now. You don't see any difficulties now. We have read it very easily. If you see from here, we started from the beginning and now the chapter is coming to an end. Now we are reading the next one, Kingdom. Finally, we have come from the bottom to the top. We have come to the heights. And what is this? Kingdom kids. So if you watch Kingdom then All these plants, So all the animals belong to various phyla assigned to the highest category Which we called as Animalia And all the plants which we have put in Plant A Means in division Means I just told you that all the division one means division D for division So here what I told you that in which you will put it In which you will put it in plants And the phylum is will be animals. Okay? Come on. So, till here was our whole chapter. But, have you noticed one thing? In this chapter, a small, lovely table is given, children. Let's discuss that too. Okay? By the way, I know, you must have got the scientific name wrong. Mangy, Farah, Indica, Homo, Sapiens, these two must have got wrong. Okay? And, these two must have got wrong. Panthera, Leo, which I had just told you, Tigris, Pardus, right? Then after that Solanum, tuberosum, all these must have been forgotten You must have remembered while talking Now in the last but in our book, in our lovely NCERT I gave a table Let's discuss a little bit Now if you have read so much, then why should we leave one more thing We will complete that too So first of all, see what is given here Common name is given Which we normally call Then what is given to you? Biological name Yes, which everyone knows, it is worldwide. Then there is genus which is the first name. Then after that family which we have studied. Then order, class, parliament, division. That's it, what we have studied, we have kept it here. By the way, we have studied about two, but two more names have been added to it. So the first is men, means we call homo sapiens. Homo genus has become, hominid family has become. Then their order became primate, they have brain, memory glands, so they became mammalia. They are chordata, notochord. Housefly, Musca domestica, Muscidi, Diptera Now you have to remember a little bit here that Diptera is ordered because it is an insect that always bothers, which also does a lot of dirt and also causes diseases along with dirt. and it comes in Arthopoda next is Mangyphara sorry mango then comes Mangyphara indica which is scientific name Mangyphara what is Mangyphara Encariaceae what is Encariaceae it has family then Sapindale, I told you that I will tell you, I will tell you that it is this only Then dicots means which has two cotyledons and angiosperm because it is a flowering plant Last comes wheat Triticum, estivum Then what happened to triticum, it will be genus Poaceae And poles what happened to it, it was ordered I told you monocot, I told you the example that is it monocot or dicot Okay. So that was your monocot And again how did it happen? Angiosperma came Ok kids So to say means that You have already studied 2 But you have to study 2 a little Ok You have to go in a little detail You can study the light and full Right There is no other tension If Right If you have any other problem related to this chapter Please note down in the comment section box Ok Manushri ma'am, all the problems related to biology, please put in your comment section After this we will read the next chapter, it is a very good chapter In which you will get a lot of interest And please make sure that you continue to revise this chapter All these things are written here in your NCRT So you don't have to worry I have taught all the things based on exam So that you can do your exam very well clear it easily. Okay, kids? So, let's meet in the next class and don't forget that Manushri ma'am is here. Manushri ma'am is here for biology. All the problems, leave them all on me. Let's meet in the next class. See you. Bye-bye.

It's going well. The kids are enjoying it. It's going very well.

Sir, I'm going. Wait, where are you going? Sir, I'm going to buy Mangifera Indica. What is it?

Mango. Mango. Tell us in Asan language. Sir, I said it in Asan language.

This is the language of Bio. The scientific name of this is Mangifera Indica. I was not there. Oh, no problem.

By the way, your names might be Chotu Bittu types. Chotu? Badu.

Badu? Badu. You are Chotu? Chotu.

Chotu. Badu. But everyone knows you as Digraj, Shobit and Prashant sir. Right? The same Mango guy.

Mango Pasani. ...is called Homo Sapiens. Okay. So this is the language of the bio.

We are a bit advanced, right sir? Okay, so this is what you have to read in the 11th bio. I had read it for 10 seconds.

I told you the size is good. Okay. But sir, this is the first chapter of the 11th, where...

You will learn how the organism is classified and classified. Plus, you will learn how the organism is classified. Because of which our studies will become easy. This is not a subject for kids, we are all going to study.

But we should also know. Carry on. Ok kids, so let's read the first chapter of biology which is The Living World. So let's start today's biology's easiest chapter, which is The Living World. Kids, what all we have to study today, first of all we will see in this slide.

And you have to understand that thing and write that thing in exams. So first of all If I talk about what we have to cover today, then first of all introduction which we know a little bit and we will discuss. Then we have to study characteristics of living organism. Then we will see what is taxonomy, what is nomenclature and we will discuss about taxonomic categories. So children, We will clear these 5 topics in this chapter.

And this chapter is over. Ok kids. So let's start with our new chapter whose name is The Living World. Kids, from the name itself it is clear that ma'am, we are going to talk about living organisms only.

Correct. That means whatever you are getting, you are getting it right. Today I am going to discuss about living organisms. If I ask you that is there any living organism, how will you tell? Simple ma'am, someone is breathing, we can also say that it is a living organism, it is eating something.

something is working, there are some reactions going on in it. In this way, we can say that ma'am this is a living organism. Correct. Whatever you will tell, in the same way you will tell that yes, in this way we can say that a human is living and living. Okay, today I am going to tell you the same thing that any organism that breathes, if it is breathing or moving from one place to another, for that we will consider that what is that organism?

Children, it is a living organism. Fifth, any life form that exhibit or possess qualities of life, being alive is referred as living things. Yes, all the organisms in which you can say that there is life, quality, quality of life and all things are doing it in a proper way. Assume if there is a sick person also, in case, if assume there is a sick person also and He is breathing and all functions are happening in it Even if something happens up and down, that's fine But we don't call it dead We call it that organism is living organism But kids, have you ever thought that How will we compare living organism with non-living? Look, understand When we were small kids Then we used to say normal That ma'am, he is breathing so he is living organism Ma'am, he is not breathing so he is non-living I understand that, we used to study that when we were young because now we have come to 11th standard So we have to study a little bit of detail So first of all we will discuss their features Features means we can say characteristics or features we can use any word So first of all one is defining and one is characteristic feature I will change the color so that you can read easily So first of all, what happens in defining?

This feature is only in living organism. Means all the living organisms are seen there. And there are no exceptions in this.

Ma'am, you are saying that this does not happen in living organism. Yes, the defining features are only in living organism and not in non-living. There are no exceptions.

Now for example, Metabolism, Cellular organization, Consciousness All these things come in your defining feature Now listen carefully, each word means Like Metabolism, Cellular organization, Consciousness I will explain all these in the next slide No need to take tension, just understand this much Now, second question is, which child is the child? characteristic feature characteristic feature me kya hota exceptions matlab uska pura ulta kar do ki matlab ma'am ye dono me hotay matlab ki living me bhi hotay hai non living me bhi hotay hai bacho ye dono me hotay hai matlab yaha bhi toh ek me present hai but yaha pe dono me hotay and of course agar main baat kar rahi hu dono me present hai that means usme exceptions bhi hongi kuch na kuch kaise pehle toh ye samjho ap growth ki main baat Growth I have said that ma'am living or non-living how is that possible that growth is happening Now just like in living we understand ma'am that yes there is normal organism in which growth is happening but how in non-living So I will tell you, you will have a lot of interest in going to the mountains in non-living, a lot of people have that Means we have to go for a walk, we have to do tracking, we have to go there and eat maggie Some people have to go to the mountains and eat ice cream Have to do something different So when you will notice one thing on the mountains When you will go normally When? In the summer time So the mountains will look very normal to you Means you will see mountains like mountains But when you go in the winter time So you will see snow in it Due to snow, the growth of the mountain will look a little bigger So it is the same There is also growth in it If you see So, in which it comes? In your characteristic feature. Now, exceptions are present.

Here, the next point I have written that there are exceptions in it. Children, understand this thing a little carefully. What do you think?

Every living organism can reproduce? No, obviously not. Sometimes, some complications come in the female. Or some fertility issues come.

Due to which what happens? female can't give birth or can't reproduce the new baby. So, in that they do test tube baby and see all these options. Now, this is the turn of humans. Now, I will say in animals.

An example in animals is your mule. In Hindi, it is called Khachar. So, the mule is infertile. Means, it cannot increase its generation further. It cannot fertilize.

Right? So, these are the exceptions in which reproduction is there. Ki ha!

Normally ma'am told correctly that living organisms can reproduce but there are exceptions somewhere. So in which case do you get exceptional cases? In your characteristic features. Okay children, did you understand? Your first one was defining, second one was characteristic.

Defining is there in all living organisms but not in non-living. It is there in both characteristics and you get to see exceptions. milte.

Ciao! Did you understand till here? Now let's move forward.

Next is characteristics of living organism. If I tell you that there are different characteristics in living organism. Like here I told you, children.

Here I told you these words. Now we have to understand their meaning. Yes, I know about you people that you must be knowing a little bit. Because in 10th standard, everyone must have read the meaning a little bit.

But no problem, you can read Manushri ma'am again, there is no problem, but we will read in a little detail. So the first characteristic of living organism is growth. Second will be reproduction. Third metabolism, cellular organization and consciousness. We will discuss all these points one by one.

So first of all we discuss about growth. to growth We say that growth is seen in every organism. We are talking about living organism, nothing will come on here.

So we are talking about growth of living organism. So what happens in growth? Both mass and number increase. Like here is one, then two, then by doing this, it is dividing like this. Now we get to see the same thing in animals too.

But the growth in animals is a certain age. Like ours also happens, our growth is also one. It happens till a certain age. After a time, everything stops. But if I talk about plants, they continuously grow throughout their life span.

So, what happens in growth? Both mass and number increase by cell division. When cells are divided. Our body is made up of cells.

Everyone knows, right? Fundamental unit of life. By the way, this chapter is also in the 11th. But yes, we have discussed a little about cells in the 9th. Next is reproduction.

Reproduction means to produce new organisms. What does it mean? To produce new organisms or offspring. We call it reproduction.

Here you are saying production of new individuals or progeny. Reproduction is not found in any non-living object. Yes, we know this. It is not found in non-living.

All these things are found in living. But Pam had told us one more thing two slides ago that there are some exceptions. We get to see. Tell us the same thing here. There are many living organisms which can do and do not reproduce like mules, the cockroaches that I had told you.

Sterile human couples, worker bee, yes. We talk about worker bee, which makes honey. they also have worker bees with them, so they can't reproduce.

This is not taken as defining property of life. Yes, not defining, where did I tell you this thing? In the characteristic feature, okay? Let's move ahead.

Now, we know that reproduction is of two types, one is sexual reproduction and the other is asexual reproduction. In detail we will study in 12th standard about sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction But you must have studied in 10th standard Where there is involvement of gametes We say that sexual reproduction is happening And if there are many single cells, if there are many binary cells Then we say that asexual reproduction is happening Let's go. So, we don't need to go into so much detail, we will study this further.

Next comes Metabolism. There are many reactions in the body. So, its sum is called Metabolism.

The sum total of all the biochemical reactions occur inside the body. And what are they doing? They are creating energy in our body.

Due to which we are able to do a lot of work. We are able to speak, walk, think from the brain. There are many things.

What we call it Metabolism Particularly if I talk about it, then Metabolism has two main things What is one? Anabolism What is one? Anabolism And the second is One second And the second is Catabolism Okay What does Anabolism mean?

To be of any thing Right? The synthesis of any thing We call that Whatever is being made in our body We call that anabolism And if anything Can be said that it is getting destructed Or it is getting breakdown Ok kids What we call that Catabolism Now every animal like bacteria, plants Has metabolism We get to see metabolism in everything Metabolism is nothing all the biochemical reactions due to which it is inside the body and it makes energy. Ok, we have called it Metabolism.

Ok kids, next comes our cellular organization. Brother, you know this, the meaning of cellular organization is that all living organisms are made of cells. The fundamental unit of life. That's why what do we call the cell?

Basic, what do we call cell? Basic structural, basic structural, one second, basic structural, functional unit of life and functional. Unit of life.

Yes. So our body or we or living organism either made up of one cell or many cells And because we are humans, we are complex, so we are made up of more than one cell So it is the defining feature of the living organism So here you can see the diagram of one plant cell and the other of the animal cell This diagram you have read in 9th standard Now you will study a little further, but everyone knows that this is plant cell, so the second is animal cell. Next comes the fifth number that is consciousness.

It happens, right? Assume you are sitting in a nice class, you are studying comfortably, it happens. It has happened with me too that when I am studying, those people enjoy it a lot from behind. They pinch it like this, they pinch it or do something that you feel because of it.

Or you get angry or laugh at the same time Why are you studying? Why do you want to disturb? Right?

So that is called Stimulus And whatever response you are giving Anger, laugh or you got hurt very fast Okay? What do we call that? It comes in consciousness And the humans are self-aware Of all things Right?

That we know this thing If it is like this here, then it is like that there Do this, do that All those things are ideas But what happens in plants? These poor people can't do anything like this. So what remains in them?

Light remains, water, temperature due to which they respond. If you give water, they become happy. Not like this, if we talk biologically, then they get to see tropism. Water, light, temperature, for that they give response. So the ability to sense the surrounding environment and respond to these environments, Chumala, are called consciousness.

Stimuli means this thing, all of them. Stimuli means all of them, this thing. Due to which living organisms give response. Okay, you write this once and then we will start the next topic. So kids, here I have given you another diagram of touch me nod.

Touch me nod is called in Hindi as Chui Mui. So as you touch it, leaves close and then it opens. So the touch that is there, that is also a stimuli for them. So this is also an example of a mimosa pudica or touch me not. Now let's move on to the main thing, which we call biodiversity, which we have to actually study about.

As you understand in this way, that where you live, there must be a lot of people living there. Like, There are some Marathis, some Punjabis, some Sindhis, some other Bengalis etc. Okay, South Indians are there, everyone is living together. But you all live together, you all live in a very good way.

Okay, so what does it mean that you are living together, you are living comfortably, so there is no such problem. So to say the same thing means biodiversity. Biodiversity means different numbers refers to the number and type of organism present on earth.

We have called it biodiversity. In this whole earth, different species of living organisms, how many species, how many means how many, the find out that has been done till now is this much. 1.7 to 1.8 million species are still living in our earth. So what we call that? Biodiversity.

All the living organisms that are living on earth and all the species that we have told you 1.7 to 1.8 million All these are described by the scientist. Right? The scientist has described all about them. But obviously we will not be able to read all this but we will be able to read all this very well.

Ok kids, so what we have called them? Word Biodiversity. Let's move ahead.

What is taxonomy? When we were doing briefs, I told you that we have to read about this. What is taxonomy? In taxonomy, identification, nomenclature, characterization and categorization of species is done.

Means, suppose I have given you any organism, right? Or you think that your mother has given you some stuff. Now you have brought different things by mixing them and she said, son, you store it.

Now you will think that how will I put it? I mean I don't understand. Then what will you do?

First of all, you will see it as it is looking the same. Or you will see it as whose similarity is right. Similarity is who is similar, who is different and dissimilar.

If you don't know his name, then you will go and ask your mother that what is his name? That means, understand it like this that here you will classify any organism. How will you classify?

That we can arrange in such a way, we can see his characters, what are the characters. Then in which category you will keep them, then you will also name it. Because without names...

A O A A You will call it like this and what else? So naming is very important Of any organism Now you have a friend Now she has become a very good friend But if you call it A O A A You will call it like this and she will like it My name is very good Call me with this name Call me with the name which is my name So what do we call it? Nomenclature And I will tell you about Father of Taxonomy Okay?

Let's go So here we first see what is systematic I can understand by the name of systematic Mom doesn't say that these are books It has spread a lot You arrange it in a systematic way Systematic means that you are arranging it properly Yes, living organisms have also been arranged like this Only then we will be able to read We are reading Now assume everything is kept like this Everything is like garbage Will it be easy for us to read? No, it will not Hannah, I'm... If we go to the library, we will keep books in different sections of different subjects.

And it will be very easy for you to find it. Yes, ma'am said that this is the section in biology, you go here. Now I came to know that there is a mix of physics, chemistry, math, and humanities. So, how can a person get frustrated that I have got all the books except for the book of bio.

So what our scientists have done is, they have made it easy for us to read something easily. For that, word is systematic. So systematic means, this word is a Latin word.

It is not different, you will mostly find Latin everywhere. Latin word is where you do systematic arrangement of living organism, so that you can read it easily, you can study it. So systematic is the another branch of science that includes the study of classification, nomenclature, identification and evolutionary history.

Okay, here what you do is you classify any organism, right? Then after that you also name it, that means nomenclature is done. Then what is identification? What are the similarities and dissimilarities that you are identifying? And what are you looking at?

Evolutionary history. who are their common ancestors when you are seeing that we talk about ourselves we talk about ourselves or chimpanzee now see the gorilla Gorilla is the mix of both human and chimpanzee so what are our common ancestors? same so on behalf of the same things what we do?

we do arrangements evolutionary evolutionary means that ancestors have been talked about before ok now Linus Linus used, means this scientist, I have told you so well, this scientist Linus used Systema Naturae as the title of his book publication. So what did Linus do? Living organism, means he published a book whose name was Systema Naturae.

One second. Okay. Systema Naturae.

This was the book which he had published in which he systematically arranged. Okay? Let's go. Next, you can write first if you want.

Now, identification. If I talk about identification, it is the method of identifying the organism, comparing the similarities and dissimilarities with other organisms. who is similar and who is dissimilar on behalf of that What you do on the graph is you identify the living organism So I have told you a diagram in this way that how you will identify So if you want you can write its definition Now let's move on to the classification In classification, we keep the living organism in such a place Where you can see that it is convenient, easy We categorize the living organism in such a place where they easily observe.

So this is also a way to make the way of teaching easy. In identification, you did similarities and dissimilarities. In classification, now you keep the organism in such a way that we keep them where we can easily and conveniently study everything. So what does this classification do? It makes study of organisms convenient.

Means it makes it easy for us to study. What have we called that? Classification is easy, there are two small definitions of two lines, you should understand.

Let's go Nomenclature is very important, very important, write IMP, write IMP, very important, and very important means definitely it will come, it will come in your exams. So naming of organism like if we have a child or a newborn So, the name of the newborn is also kept. Why is it kept? Because obviously if we don't call it by name, then what is AOA?

We will not call it like that. It is important to keep a name in school too. So, it is very important to keep a naming, naming of any organism. The difference is just a little bit that the people around us know us.

Right? And the people who are going to study now will be named like this, who will be world-wide famous. Matlab It will be known all over the world. Okay? So, here nomenclature has been talked about, children.

That means naming of organism. So, the process of naming of living organism, it has been called nomenclature. And here, one second.

And here you see that naming, means we also have the same thing, right? Name and surname. Some have middle name too. But normally mostly the name and surname is there.

So, here also you see that Each organism has two names. Two word names. First is generic name which we call genus. And second is specific epithet which we call species.

Now we will talk about it later. There are some things where you should know what it is. So the names are given according to the certain rules are followed by the biologists all over the world Just I had told you that whatever we are naming of the organism We are doing it like that where it is world wide famous Where everyone is knowing Now like mango, I am telling you a mango I say mango I will go somewhere else in Maharashtra, they will say something else I went to Hyderabad, they will say something else Wherever I go, different words are used, meaning mango is pronounced differently. Even the name is different.

But if something like this happens, you go to a foreigner and ask him to eat mango, he will not understand what you are trying to say. Mango will still understand. But there are many places where it is not so clear. So what did the scientist do?

He made our work easy. How? What did he give? He gave scientific names, meaning nomenclature.

nomenclature. It is two names, meaning your genus and species. They have made two things by combining them. Because of which they have become world wide famous. Now if you type like this on Google, then you will get the scientific name of Mango from the name of Menjifera Indica.

So what is here? To make it common around the world various, international code has been established. Some international code has been established so that you can get this name.

which has made everything easy for us so that we know the scientific name ok so in our book two are given ICBN and ICZN ok International Code of Botanical Nomenclature and International Code of Zoological Nomenclature ok, the plants related to botany are talked about right these are two codes ok which are established so that we can understand the name easily And these are for animals. Okay. There are many more, kids. But because we are studying NCERT, these two are sufficient for us.

Okay. So write it once, then we will move forward. I guess you can see it.

Now, very important, some things that we should know. Now, it is universally accepted principle. Yes, now what I told you, the scientific name should be known to everyone.

This system of nomenclature provided by the very good scientist Carlos Linus. He is also called the father of taxonomy. That's why I didn't tell you at that time. Okay.

So he has done a lot of work. And he is also called the father of taxonomy, kids. Okay. Father of taxonomy is also Carlos Linus.

And this Your about binomial nomenclature I have not told you the whole thing there are some rules I will tell you the rules how to write and how to understand ok so I have given you two examples very easily Mango, Mangifera, Indica ok you have to remember a little ok it will be easy to remember ok kids so one is your Mango, Mangifera, Indica and we we are Homo sapiens kids ok what are we? we are Homo sapiens ok It was said to human beings. Now very important, this question comes.

Write this as vimp. Right? And it will come.

Okay? Come on. So first of all, see here that each name has two words. I told you. One is your genus and the other is the specific epithet.

Which we call species. Okay? So one is your genus.

This one is your genus. And this one is Species. Okay ma'am, you understood. Now you must have noticed one thing.

That the first alphabet of the genus is written in capital. Okay. The first alphabet of it is written in capital. One second, I should do white color because I can't see.

Okay. That which is written is written in capital. And the second one is written in small.

Do you understand? The first alphabet of genus is written in capital and the first alphabet of species is written in small. Sorted? Did you understand?

Okay. Now if you see in your book, in NCRT, these are written in italics form. So when they are in printing form, they are written in italics so that you can understand easily.

But if I give you this question in the exam that write the scientific name of mango And you are writing ma'am mangiferra indica So will you be able to write in italics? No, so what will you do? You will write like this but what will you do below that? You will underline If you underline it will be easy for me and you will also be able to write quickly for you So it will be easy for me and it will be easy for you too Look here Biological names are generally Latin and written in italics These are biological names but they are mostly Latin words And these are written in italics It means they are written in a little crooked way Both the words in biological names when handwritten are separately underlined or printed in italics Either they will be printed in italics And if you are writing it yourself Then you will underline two different words like this Means here the word of genus and under the word of species you will underline. The generic name must have starts from the capital and the small letter of genus I have just told you.

Example is given in this, Mangyphara indica. Mangyphara in mangyphara is genus and indica is the name of species. Okay, did you understand? Now Sometimes, So the third name is the author's name which is written in abbreviated form.

So that thing is told. Author's name in abbreviated form appears at the end of the biological name. It is not written always, sometimes it is written.

It is possible that sometimes I may ask you that sometimes what is that L I double N. So you should know. So here was about our complete rules.

If you want, then you write once. After that we will discuss the next topic. Rules are very important, note it down first Then we will move on to the next topic So now let's move on to the taxonomic categories But the taxonomic category means the ranking Like suppose I give you a small example Suppose you have a problem in school First of all, you share that problem with your friend But suppose it is a problem that you want to tell the monitor Or we tell our class teacher You went to the class teacher with your problems Then you went there So they thought that yes, I should pass on this problem further Then where did that problem go, children? To your coordinator Then where did that thing go while increasing? Straight to your vice principal Then where did it go after increasing?

To the principal Only the principal goes to the parents. Such things happen. It started with our friend. While doing it, it went up.

It went to a big, small to big level. That is our problem. And sometimes you must have noticed. Assume that the problem will be so small. Suppose something happened but by mixing salt, chilli, spices in it Or you can say that small thing is very big and there are 2-4 lines and by adding that it goes to parents Means you start thinking that something like this did not happen but it was somewhere else, it went to a different level So, here also something like this happens that if I talk about the taxonomic categories If I talk about rank or level here, means hierarchy, First you have to go near it, then here, So here first of all, what comes in the smallest?

Species Then comes your genus, family, order, class, phylum or division Both things come And then comes your kingdom So what it means to say is that whatever is happening here All these taxonomic arrangements are called taxonomic categories Why? Because it will be easy for us to classify For us, about kingdoms... or it will be easy to study about living organisms otherwise what will happen we will start studying on behalf of this species then later it will come to know that this was unicellular this has become multi here means while coming up confusion will be created for us so it was better If we go up from the bottom, that is, from species to kingdom, then what will you see here?

Here all the organisms look similar to you. What do you realize coming up? No, coming up till here, all the similarities have decreased.

I mean whatever I thought, I took all the organisms, I have taken plants and animals as an example I have taken all of them I am saying that these are the similarities These are the similarities Coming up, I understood that no Kingdoms are going different Plants have been kept in plants Animals have been put in animals But here I was feeling everything Everything was there I got to see a few similarities But here something different happened Some herbivores You thought that yes, these are herbivores Right? I got to know that there are many plants and you are also calling them autotrophs I got to know that there are many other things that are changing So here it means that when you start with species So you get to see more similarities Coming up you get to know that no, everything is different Means the similarities are decreasing here Okay, so for this common mnemonics which is used everywhere you have to understand that only you can say kingdom keep dish dishes or dish or plate clean otherwise family family get Sick. Not six.

Sick. S-I-C-K. Gets.

One second kids. A little. Family. Gets.

Sick. Okay. So here what are these common mnemonics which are used everywhere. Okay.

Keep. dishes or plate clean otherwise family gets sick ok so here we have nothing to do we have to read about them little by little with examples that what we have told you similarities and what has changed so we have to discuss that thing so first of all we will start first of all you guys write ok Okay, now we will start about species. Children, I had told you about species.

That in species, two names, means we have made normal scientific names from two things. One is your genus, then the other is your what? It is the species. Okay, so here you see, Taxonomic study consider a group of individual organisms with fundamental similarities as species.

I had told you. All the similarities you have, you put them in one species mostly. Okay, now, For mango tree that is indica is species Means the second name is Mangifera indica Indica was a species Specific epithet which we call Orb genus Mangifera Now here potato What is called in potato?

Scientific name of potato is Solanum tuberosum What are you seeing in lion? Panthera leo So this leo is also a species tuberosum is also a species indica is also a species homo sapiens sapiens is also a species ok so all these things are coming in your species it is simple and according to the similarities it is considered ok next comes genus now from here you will start seeing some things different till now it was normal in the species that whatever species they have you kept them all in the same Indica, Indica, Indica all became same then after that all Solanum all like this you kept in one place now what is your genus genus means the first name I told you that is your genus so see here now a group of related species which has more characters in common comparison to the species of other genera all species of genus Presumed to have evolved from the common ancestors Isn't it? It is said that they may have common ancestors Like you see first of all This example of potato is given Solanum tuberosum So what other examples come in this?

Potato will also come Brinjal will come Okay, are two different species But both belongs to the genus Both of these species are different Isn't it? How is it different? See the name S means Solanum is formed. Then look at their name.

All the names are different. What is one? Tuberosum is there. Right?

Means potato. Means its S means genus and this Tuberosum is the species. Ok.

Now here you see about their genus. Their genus is again their solanum is Lycopersicum. Ok. This is of tomato. Then what happened to brinjal?

Menlojena. Ok. Melon gena, what happened to it?

It happened to your brinjal So what is being understood? Ma'am, species is fine Everyone has Solanum But all of their genus is different, so then only which species, means what do you say? That both belongs to the genus Solanum, ok?

Everyone's Solanum means what is the genus of everyone? Solanum, similarly now I will tell you one more example Here you see Lion, Tiger and Leopard. All of them have the same genus.

Panthera, Panthera and Panthera. All of them are same but all have different species. Leo, Tigris and Pardus. So here tell me the same thing.

Lion, Leopard and Tiger with several common features. Yes, there are some features. Are all species of the genera Panthera?

But sometimes we also know this, we correlate cat. This genus differs from another genus. This genus is different. Cat's genus is different. What is cat's?

Phallus. What is cat's genus? It is phallus. We say that the family is same. We will discuss that with the family.

But here we are telling about species and genus. That genus is same for everyone. Here, the first word is panthera panthera panthera Even though the species are different But all the genus are same But if I say let's go a little higher So what I will say is that their family is same So first you see that you are understanding that How many things are getting further complicated All these are happening differently So write it once Then we will discuss in the next video comes family. Okay?

So what do you say in family? that family has group, has a group of related genera with still less number of similarities it gets a little less as the similarities come as compared to genus and species in genus and species, we were still doing it a little bit together but here you will get to see less similarities ok, now see the example three different genera, this is solanum, petunia and dhatura this is solanum, petunia This is your dhatura. All of these, all of these, which family did we keep?

Solanaceae. Where did we keep all of these? In Solanaceae.

Now, what I told you last time, Lion, Tiger, Leopard, Cat, All of these, all of these, everyone's family is the same. Where did all of them come? In the palady. Where did we keep all of these? Children, in the palady.

Understand carefully, You must be thinking that you have to memorize a lot of things in the first chapter. No, you don't have to memorize anything. You have to understand the basic things. And the same basic things are given in your NCERT which you have to write in the exam.

As simple as that. With examples. Okay?

There is no story to take so much tension. Pitunia became Solanum. Pitunia, Solanum, Dhatura.

Which family are you keeping all of them in? Solanaceae. Okay? They are their family. Now their...

Now the whole family is put in the category of cat It is very easy, there is some difficulty Next order First remember the mnemonics I told you Keep plate and dishes clean Otherwise family gets sick You remember that And on this behalf K will come first you have to bring it down. Now let's come to our order. What do you tell in order? Categories like species, genus and families are based on number of similar characters.

We have read till here. The similar characters are less in number as compared to different genera includes in family. Plant families like Cornvulvulaceae, Cornvulvulaceae, Solonaceae are included in the order.

and Polymoneals based on the floral characters So here if you see Convolvulaceae and Solonaceae The order of these two families is Polymoneals And here you can see the dog Faledi and Canidae The dog comes in this family The cat and the lion that I told you comes in this family What do they eat? They are carnivorous So, in order, we put them in carnivora Did you understand? So, carnivora include families like Fallidae and Canidae It is easy You have to read the same examples that I am telling you There is nothing to worry about Come on Now let's move on to the next part, in the class What are you seeing in the class? That this category includes related orders Right?

That means what we will tell further should be a little related Suppose if I told you about family here So your order is related to family Now what happened to your class related to order? Right? That is, from each other, which you have read last and the next one you are going to study, there will be some relation between them like I told you species, species is genus, then from genus your second came like this you came here till class family, then order, then class so for example, here you see that we studied polymonyals and sapindales ok, I will tell you about sapindales later, now we will discuss what is its example So, all these come in dicot.

But in 10th standard, you must have studied monocot and dicot. So, you get to see something like this in dicot and monocot in which you get to see only one. Like this, in this type.

So, here you see that now what is your second order? Primeta and Carnivora. Carnivora I have told you. And primeta is the one which has brain. Which can think also.

like brain, hands, everything, like we, monkeys, all these come in primates. And what is in all these? What we get to see? Mammary glands, we talk about them, so all these come in mammals. And they are talking about polymoneals and sapindales, so their class becomes dicotyledons.

Cotyledons, which we are talking about seeds, the cotyledons are seen in seeds. And what is the main work of cotyledons? that it stores food.

Okay, now understand this much. In the coming chapters, I will tell you about Cotyledons in more detail. And in 12th it is in more detail So cotyledon means some kind of grass, peas that you can open like this And like wheat or maize etc.

Which is the same, so how do they live? Children come in monocots So what are we reading here now? About dicots Write it once Then we will discuss further So now let's come to the next topic Next one which we were reading division Next hierarchy which we are calling division or phylum So guys this is very simple, finally we have come to the bottom Right?

Means our chapter is almost going to end So here all the organisms which belong to different class They have some common characters in them Like, you see First of all understand this The division is basically used for plants Right? And the phylum is used for animals You have to remember this It is upside down P for plants and P for phylum should be there But it is upside down So here you see the division Whose dicotyledon and monocotyledon Just now in the previous slide we had told What are monocots and dicots Their division is angiosperm Angiosperm is called by the flowering plants Isn't it kids? Who is called Angiosperms?

It is called flowering plant Means such a plant Where there are flowers, fruits Isn't it? It is called Angiosperms By the way, we will read in the coming chapters also Okay? Morphology of flowering plants So I will ask you You must also know What is called?

It is called Angiosperms Such plants Which have flowers What do we call them? Kids, we call them Angiosperms And here phylum Chordata Chordata which contains notochord Like amphibians come in it Amphibians means I am talking about frogs Reptilia like snakes Aves means birds came in it And Mammalia in which we come So what is the phylum in all of us? Chordata So now till here The story of division and final has come to an end.

It has gone very easily now. You don't see any difficulties now. We have read it very easily. If you see from here, we started from the beginning and now the chapter is coming to an end. Now we are reading the next one, Kingdom.

Finally, we have come from the bottom to the top. We have come to the heights. And what is this? Kingdom kids.

So if you watch Kingdom then All these plants, So all the animals belong to various phyla assigned to the highest category Which we called as Animalia And all the plants which we have put in Plant A Means in division Means I just told you that all the division one means division D for division So here what I told you that in which you will put it In which you will put it in plants And the phylum is will be animals. Okay? Come on. So, till here was our whole chapter.

But, have you noticed one thing? In this chapter, a small, lovely table is given, children. Let's discuss that too. Okay?

By the way, I know, you must have got the scientific name wrong. Mangy, Farah, Indica, Homo, Sapiens, these two must have got wrong. Okay? And, these two must have got wrong.

Panthera, Leo, which I had just told you, Tigris, Pardus, right? Then after that Solanum, tuberosum, all these must have been forgotten You must have remembered while talking Now in the last but in our book, in our lovely NCERT I gave a table Let's discuss a little bit Now if you have read so much, then why should we leave one more thing We will complete that too So first of all, see what is given here Common name is given Which we normally call Then what is given to you? Biological name Yes, which everyone knows, it is worldwide.

Then there is genus which is the first name. Then after that family which we have studied. Then order, class, parliament, division.

That's it, what we have studied, we have kept it here. By the way, we have studied about two, but two more names have been added to it. So the first is men, means we call homo sapiens.

Homo genus has become, hominid family has become. Then their order became primate, they have brain, memory glands, so they became mammalia. They are chordata, notochord. Housefly, Musca domestica, Muscidi, Diptera Now you have to remember a little bit here that Diptera is ordered because it is an insect that always bothers, which also does a lot of dirt and also causes diseases along with dirt.

and it comes in Arthopoda next is Mangyphara sorry mango then comes Mangyphara indica which is scientific name Mangyphara what is Mangyphara Encariaceae what is Encariaceae it has family then Sapindale, I told you that I will tell you, I will tell you that it is this only Then dicots means which has two cotyledons and angiosperm because it is a flowering plant Last comes wheat Triticum, estivum Then what happened to triticum, it will be genus Poaceae And poles what happened to it, it was ordered I told you monocot, I told you the example that is it monocot or dicot Okay. So that was your monocot And again how did it happen? Angiosperma came Ok kids So to say means that You have already studied 2 But you have to study 2 a little Ok You have to go in a little detail You can study the light and full Right There is no other tension If Right If you have any other problem related to this chapter Please note down in the comment section box Ok Manushri ma'am, all the problems related to biology, please put in your comment section After this we will read the next chapter, it is a very good chapter In which you will get a lot of interest And please make sure that you continue to revise this chapter All these things are written here in your NCRT So you don't have to worry I have taught all the things based on exam So that you can do your exam very well clear it easily.

Okay, kids? So, let's meet in the next class and don't forget that Manushri ma'am is here. Manushri ma'am is here for biology. All the problems, leave them all on me.

Let's meet in the next class. See you. Bye-bye.

Transcript for:The Living World Overview

Transcript for:
The Living World Overview