Isoniazid Overview

Introduction

• Isoniazid is a medication used to treat tuberculosis (TB).
• Visual mnemonic: Ice machine in a hotel hallway.

Usage

• Target: Tuberculosis (TB)
  • Ice for isoniazid; tubes for tuberculosis.
• Function: Inhibits synthesis of the mycobacterial cell wall.
• Combination Therapy: Used with other drugs like rifampin.
  • Treats active TB, latent TB, and used prophylactically.

Side Effects

• Hepatotoxicity (Liver Damage)

  • Symbol: Liver-shaped lever.
  • Signs to monitor: Jaundice, nausea, vomiting, and dark urine.
  • Monitor liver enzymes: AST and ALT.
  • Avoid with other hepatotoxic agents (e.g., acetaminophen, alcohol).
  • Caution in patients with existing liver damage.

• Peripheral Neuropathy

  • Symbol: Frayed, sparking wire (nerve damage).
  • Caused by vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) deficiency.

Prevention

• Vitamin B6 Supplementation
  • Symbol: Breadsticks for vitamin B6.
  • Prevents peripheral neuropathy.

Recap

• Isoniazid treats active and latent TB, and is used prophylactically.
• Key side effects include hepatotoxicity and peripheral neuropathy.
• Vitamin B6 supplements can prevent neuropathy side effects.

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