Lecture Notes: Introduction to the Brain

Overview

• The brain is a critical part of the central nervous system.
• It is housed within the cranium.
• Responsible for controlling all bodily functions.
• Weighs approximately 3 pounds.

Major Parts of the Brain

Cerebrum

• Functions:
  • Controls thinking and muscle movements.
  • Stores all memories.
• Hemisphere Control:
  • Left Cerebrum: Controls the right side of the body.
  • Right Cerebrum: Controls the left side of the body.

Cerebellum

• Functions:
  • Controls posture and balance.
  • Coordinates movements.
• Location: Lower back of the brain.
• Shape: Rounded structure.

Brain Stem

• Functions:
  • Connects the brain to the spinal cord.
  • Maintains control of the heart and lungs.
  • Controls important reflexes.
• Location: Bottom of the brain.

Pineal Gland

• Functions:
  • Produces melatonin.
  • Regulates sleep and wake cycles.