Transcript for:
Analyzing One-to-One Functions

In this problem, we're given three relations  in the form of tables, as we see here below,   and we're asked to determine which  tables are one-to-one functions.   To test to see if a relation is a  one-to-one function, we first have   to test to see if it's a function, and then  test to see if it's a one-to-one function. So, let's review both definitions. A  function is a relation in which every   input has exactly one output. Remember,  the inputs are the x-values or the domain,   and the outputs are the y-values of the range. An easier way to think of this is:   a relation is a function if every x  has exactly one corresponding y-value.   So, once we know a relation is a function, we can  then test to see if it's a one-to-one function. A one-to-one function is a function in which each  input has one unique output. Again, an easier way   to think of this is: a function is one-to-one  if every y has exactly one corresponding x. So, looking at our tables, we first want to  determine if they're functions and then if   they're one-to-one functions. If they're not  functions, they can't be one-to-one functions. After you do this for a while, you can  probably answer these questions by leaving   it in the table format, but when first  learning how to do this, I think mapping   the table makes it a lot easier. So, let's  look at this first table on the next slide. To map this relation, we're going to  place the set of x-values or inputs here   and the set of y-values or outputs here, and then  map the relation. So, looking at the x-values,   we have three unique x-values: we have  negative four, negative two, and positive one. Even though one occurs twice, we only list  it once. These are the unique x-values.   And then, for the y-values, we have three, five,  and nine. Again, notice how three occurs twice. And now to map the relation: when x is negative  four, y is positive three. So, we'll draw a   segment from negative four to positive three. When  x is negative two, y is positive five, so we draw   a segment from negative two to positive five. When  x is one, y is nine, so we draw a segment here,   and then when x is one, y is also positive three,  so we draw another segment from one to three. Now, the function test is to make sure every x has  exactly one corresponding y-value. In this form,   we can easily see that the x-value of positive  one corresponds to two different y-values:   it corresponds to positive three and positive  nine. Therefore, this relation is not a function,   and if it's not a function, it can't  be a one-to-one function either.   So, we'll go ahead and say it's not a  function and move to the next relation. Next, we'll go ahead and map our second relation.  Looking at the x-values, notice how there's no   repetition, so we have negative four, negative  two, one, and three. There is repetition in the   y-values, though. The set of y-values will  be negative five, positive two, and zero. Now, we'll map our relation:  negative four maps to negative five,   negative two maps to positive two, positive one  maps to zero, and positive three maps to two. We'll first test to see if it's a function,  meaning every x has exactly one corresponding y,   and that is true. Notice every x-value   only has one segment moving toward  the right, so this is a function. Now, we'll see if it's a one-to-one function,  meaning every y has exactly one corresponding   x. So, looking at the y-values now, notice how  the y-value of positive two actually has two   corresponding x-values. Therefore, while  this is a function, it's not one-to-one.   This y-value corresponds to the x-value of  negative two and the x-value of positive three. So, it's a function but not one-to-one. Now, let's test our third relation. Notice  there's no repetition in x-values or y-values,   so the mapping is very  straightforward. Negative two   maps to three, negative one maps to four,  zero maps to five, and one maps to eight. So, we'll first see if it's a function, meaning  every x has exactly one corresponding y, which it   does. Notice every x-value only has one segment  moving toward the right, so it's a function.   And to test to see if it's a one-to-one  function, we want to see if every y   has exactly one corresponding  x. Looking at the y-values,   notice each y-value is only paired with one x  because there's only one segment leaving each   y-value moving toward the left. So, this is a  function, and it's also a one-to-one function. So, you may have picked up on the shortcut here:   if there's no repetition in the y-values  or the x-values, then as a table,   the relation would be a one-to-one function. But  hopefully, by mapping these, you have a better   understanding of what it means to be a one-to-one  function. I hope you found this helpful.