Lecture Notes: Biomolecules

Introduction

• Biomolecules are large molecules essential for life.
• 4 major biomolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids.
• Important vocabulary: Monomer - building blocks of biomolecules.

Carbohydrates

• Known as carbs, important in diets.
• Source of fast energy.
  • Example: Pasta loading for marathon runners.
• Monomer: Monosaccharide.
• Foods: Pasta, bread.

Lipids

• Known as fats, serve multiple functions.
• Building blocks: Fatty acids and glycerol.
• Examples: Butter, oil, cholesterol.
• Functions:
  • Insulation (e.g., blubber in seals).
  • Long-term energy storage (important for endurance activities).
  • Component of cell membranes.
• Excessive lipids can be unhealthy.

Proteins

• Essential for muscle building and other bodily functions.
• Monomer: Amino acids.
• Found in: Meats, beans.
• Functions:
  • Muscle development.
  • Immune system support.
  • Enzymatic activity.
• DNA codes for proteins.

Nucleic Acids

• Include DNA and RNA, involved in genetic coding.
• Monomer: Nucleotide.
• Important for genetic information.
• Found in all living things and foods derived from them.

Structure of Biomolecules

• Understanding structure helps in predicting properties and identifying biomolecules.
• Mnemonic for elements: CHO, CHO, CHON, CHONP
  • C: Carbon
  • H: Hydrogen
  • O: Oxygen
  • N: Nitrogen (in proteins and nucleic acids)
  • P: Phosphorous (in nucleic acids)

Importance of Structure

• Structure (e.g., ring or chain arrangements) impacts function.
• Encouragement to explore biomolecule arrangement illustrations.

Reminder: Stay curious and keep exploring the molecular building blocks of life!