Medical Terminology Concepts with Nurse Eunice

Welcome and good evening. This is Nurse Eunice with Florida Training Academy, and I get so many requests from students who need help with medical terminology. And so today I made another presentation, hopefully, and this one includes images, pictures. So hopefully this is going to help you understand medical terminology better. And we'll get started in about 10 seconds. During this live stream, I will not be monitoring the chat. So if you are putting comments in the chat, I won't be able to see them. until after the stream is over. But welcome everybody and good afternoon. All right, if this is your first time here, if you go to nurseunits.com, you can get these slides. I have a C&A bundle. The slides are $5 and you go to nurseunits.com and that includes your cheat sheets, your practice exams. And if you wait until the end of this particular presentation. I will also add these slides. All right, so let us go. Abduction. Abduction is whenever you draw away from the midline of the body or from an adjacent part of the limb. So when you move an extremity away from the body, you are abducting the extremity. Abuse. Abuse is to treat in a harmful, injurious, or offensive way. either mentally or physically. Angina or angina, whichever way you pronounce it is correct. Angina is a type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart. So if someone's having a heart attack, usually they will have angina or chest pain. Adduction. I love this image. So the opposite of abduction is to bring the arms in. That would be adduction, and that's to move a body part toward the central axis of the body. Advocate. An advocate is a person who defends another person or who is on their side. Alignment. This is really important when you have your patients or your residents in the bed. We always ask that you keep their extremities and their body aligned. And so alignment is the proper positioning of the body as in good posture. If you have them misaligned, that means they'll be too close to the edge of the bed. They'll be actually touching the rail or they could fall out of the bed. So alignment is important. Ambulate. Ambulate means to walk from place to place. For example, whenever you're checking your resident's activity orders, they may have an order that says, Ambulate as tolerated or Ambulate at lib. Just make sure they have their assistive devices and the proper shoes if they're going to be getting up without your assistance. Anorexia. Anorexia means the lack of appetite for food. And normally you'll know that your residents or you'll notice the residents who are underweight. You want to be monitoring their food and their fluid intake to make sure they're not regurgitating the food after they eat. That could be a sign of mental health issues or emotional issues. So my rule of thumb is if a resident or a patient doesn't eat at least 50 percent of two of their meals, you should be letting your nurse know. and we do not want our patients becoming anorexic or malnourished in our facilities. Anuria, whenever you see the prefix a in front of the word, that is the lack thereof. So that's why there's an x on the drainage bag, an x on the urine bag, because if someone is aneuric or if they're experiencing anuria, they would not be able to urinate, so the bag would be empty. Usually you'll see anuria, usually at the end stage. So if someone's on hospice, they won't be producing urine. Apnea. If a person goes into respiratory arrest, meaning that they stop breathing, if we can resuscitate them, keep their heart going, we may have to put them on a ventilator. So the vent ends up breathing for the person because the person is apneic, which means they have the lack of... or absence of breathing. Asepsis. Asepsis is being free of pathogens or germs that cause disease. And one of the main things you can do to promote asepsis is proper hand washing. Assault. Assault is threatening or attempting to touch another person. Aspiration. Aspiration is choking by drawing foreign matter into the respiratory tract. So in this image, you see someone performing abdominal thrust, which were previously referred to as the Heimlich maneuver. But if your patient is choking, you'd have to perform a life saving act. You're going to do those abdominal thrust in order to remove the obstructed object. Atrophy. and I want to repeat this again, atrophy. Look at the resident's legs. Atrophy is the wasting of weight of muscles. And this could happen because of lack of range of motion, but also due to the lack of protein. So even if your patient refuses to eat meat, there are non-meat sources of protein. There are supplements, there's legumes or beans, there's peanut butter. So there are other ways that your patient can receive those nutrients. In addition, if your patient's unable to move their extremity because maybe they've had a stroke, it's called passive range of motion. And that is when the CNA or the caregiver will do the exercises on behalf of the patient. Keep those joints moving. And this term is kind of hard for people to pronounce. It's not auxiliary. It's axillary. So I want you to say it with me. axillary, and it's pointing towards the armpit. So the axillary is related to the armpit area of the body. And for CNA, usually you'll hear axillary in regards to taking temperatures. Sometimes we'll take an oral temperature, but every now and then we have to take an axillary temperature. Bacteria. Bacteria or germs. They're usually microscopic, single cell plant lives that multiply rapidly. Base of support. When you think of base of support, I want you to look at the bottom of a cane or the bottom of the walker. And that's an area on which an object rests. So if you want your person to be more stable, sometimes they'll have a quad cane. And it's a cane that instead of just having one singular point at the bottom, will have four protruding areas. And that widens the base of support and helps to keep your resident more stable. Battery. Battery is touching someone's body without their permission or consent. Biohazardous waste. Biohazardous waste are items that have been contaminated with blood, body fluids or substances that are harmful to others. In your facilities, you'll usually have a red trash can that has a red bag. Biohazardous waste that are soft in nature would go into the bag. If it's a needle, let's say the laboratory tech left a needle at the bedside, you cannot put that into a bag. because it would penetrate the bag. It would go through it. Instead, you'd put that in the sharps container, which is also another place where your biohazardous waste would go. Blood pressure. The blood pressure measures the force of blood against the walls of the blood vessels. So we're receiving those internal pressures. How hard is the heart working to circulate blood? That's what you're... monitoring whenever you take a blood pressure. Bowel movement. The bowel movement is the passage of feces through the anus and is also referred to as defecation. If your patient goes more than two days without a bowel movement, you want to try to do something to help promote a bowel movement such as getting them up, ambulating them, making sure they have enough fluids. If it's allowed, they can have prune juice. And the reason why I say if it's allowed, because you have patients, especially if they're a diabetic, they can't have the excess sugar that's in the prune juice. If your patient has renal or kidney failure, prune juice is high in potassium. So that would be another person who cannot have prune juice. So if your patient has not had a bowel movement in two days, get them up, give them fluids such as water, and then ask your nurse if you're unsure whether or not the person can have prune juice. And usually the prune juice will help promote a bowel movement within a few hours. And then your nurse can also provide stool softeners. Carrier. A carrier is an animal or a... human that carries an infectious microorganism within his body, but it's not showing any actual signs or symptoms. So malaria is a disease that's carried by mosquitoes. So the mosquito would be the carrier. Catheter. A catheter is the flexible tubing that's inserted into the bladder through the urethra. the best way for me to explain what the urethra is, it's that small hole that the urine escapes from. So whether you're a male or a woman, that's not your pee hole, it's called the urethra. But the catheter is the flexible tubing that's inserted through the urethra into it. And that's how we drain the urine from the bladder. If you look at the very end of the catheter, you're going to see a balloon area. You're going to see an area that's protruding. So when the nurse inserts a catheter into your patient's body, the way that it stays in place is that your nurse uses saline to inflate the balloon that sits at the base of the bladder. So when you see your patient pulling on your catheter, yes, they're literally causing internal damage, not just within their urinary tract, but within their bladder. And if they are successful, they can pull the drainage bag out, the catheter out with that inflated balloon in place. And of course, that's going to be traumatic to the patient. And now we're going to have blood and a patient who's in pain. So that's why we ask that you keep the catheter secure and that you also do not allow your patients to tug on the catheters. If your patient continues to tug on the catheter, well, then we need to be deciding if the patient even needs it because we don't want to cause any damage to the patient. All right. Great job, team. Our next one, CDC. The CDC is also referred to as the Centers for Disease Control, and it is a division of the U.S. Health Services that is responsible for controlling, investigating and preventing diseases. Why is the CDC important? Because if there are rules on gloving, masking, PPE, when to wear what, research, your hospital just doesn't come up with those rules on their own. They get the ruling from the CDC. And so if you ever have questions about anything related to personal protective equipment or hand washing, I would recommend that you go to the CDC's website, just type in the search and you can find the information for yourself. Chart. A chart is the resident's medical record. So even though a lot of our records are now electronic or on a computer, there's still a chart somewhere. There's a paper record so that people can access the information. If they're in a facility, chemical restraint, which is different from a physical restraint. So when you think of a physical restraint, if we have a patient who's fighting us, I'm going to call the doctor and ask for physical restraint. The physical restraint allows us to restrain the person temporarily long enough for me to start an IV so that I can give them their chemical restraint. The chemical restraint is a drug. used to control someone's behavior. So the physical restraint usually doesn't calm them down. It's the chemical restraint that does so. Chronic illness. A chronic illness such as diabetes is an illness that lasts a long time. So if you have an illness for longer than six months, we consider that a chronic illness. Civil laws. Civil laws are laws concerned with offenses against the public. Claustrophobia. Cost claustrophobia is the fear of being closed in in regards to your patients. They'll usually let you know that they don't want to have an MRI taken. If you've never been in an MRI before, it's an enclosed medical device. And the patients can sometimes feel claustrophobic once they're put into that device. And so as far as health care is related, if a patient's getting on the elevator or an MRI. They may have claustrophobia, but your nurse and your doctor can work with the patient and provide them with some anti-anxiety medication and also some non-pharmacological ways to reduce stress, such as breathing exercises, mindful thinking, and maybe like music therapy. A closed bed is not a term that we hear a lot, but a closed bed is a bed that has not yet been used by the resident. So the linens have not been pulled back. So never environmental services or housekeeping they get through with the bed. We call that a closed bed Colon the colon that's part of your intestines. It's your large intestine colostomy colostomy is an artificial opening from the colon through the abdominal wall that the feces can pass through and for this one, the feces is passing through the large intestine. So if you're taking notes while you're watching this video, colostomy, large intestines, and that's the stoma, the reddened area that you can see from the ostomy wafer or the ostomy appliance. It should always be a nice beefy red. It shouldn't have any drainage that's not expected. So we expect fecal drainage. But if you see anything else, maybe something that's yellow or pus-like or bloody, that will be something that you want to notify your nurse about. Communicable disease. A communicable disease is a contagious disease easily spread from person to person. Communication. Communication is the exchange of thoughts and ideals between two or more people. And sometimes with your patients, especially when you're taking a CNA exam, active communication means that you listen more than you talk. So sometimes communication is just you speaking when appropriate. Concentrated urine. Concentrated urine is urine that is dark and strong in odor, usually due to dehydration. So if you notice that your patient's urine is. dark and it has a strong scent, you want to encourage fluids. And then you can go out and make sure that your nurse is aware that the person has darkened urine. That does not mean that they have an infection. It just means that they're lacking hydration. Confidentiality is keeping information from another person because it is appropriate to do so. So think about your confidentiality laws. HIPAA, you're only going to share information with those on a healthcare team who are responsible for that person's care. Constipation. Constipation is the difficulty in passing feces. And so I'm going to make a video soon about the colors of poop, but the color and consistency of poop can tell you about the person's bowel habits. So if the person has small rock-like fecal matter or stool, that could be a sign of constipation. Also, if they have streams of stool, that means that only a small amount of stool is able to pass through and that the rest is blocked. So, you know, one day I'll have that video up where you all can, you know, see what the fecal colors and the fecal types mean, but you can look at someone's bowel movement and tell whether or not they're constipated. When you look at the eyes here, we have one where the pupil is open in the dark, and then we have one where in a brightly lit room, it's kind of closed off, or excuse me, it's narrower. And so the term we like to use is constrict. We expect for the pupils to constrict in bright light. So whenever the light is bright, the pupil should narrow. Contamination. When I look at this picture, I'm like, just throw the whole house away, my lord. So contamination is the process of spreading germs to an area. So if you see rodents, if you see insects in someone's house, those insects and rodents are passing germs from one area to another. Continence. I chose this photo because she looks so happy. She's been working a 12 hour shift. She finally sat down. She held her bladder for 10 full hours because she's crazy, but they do call you a lot. And so now she's finally able to relieve herself. The fact that she could hold her urine for that long meant that she had the ability to control it. So she was continent, which is the opposite of incontinence, culture. Culture is the accumulation of customs, beliefs, values, habits, and objects shared by people usually passed from one generation to the next. And as a caregiver, as a CNA, you have to respect individuals' cultural beliefs. Cyanotic. Look at the fingertips. They're discolored. They're mottled. Whether you call that blue or purple, it is abnormal. normal. So cyanosis is the bluest noted on the body due to a lack of oxygen. And I'm sure that if you touch this resident's hands, the hands would feel cool to touch. Dandruff. Dandruff is a very dry scab that creates the white flakes. Defamation. And usually you'll hear this in relation to character. Defamation of character. Defamation is harming a person's reputation by making false statements to another person. Diarrhea. Diarrhea is when a resident or a person would experience loose or watery stools. Diastolic pressure. So your blood pressure consists of two numbers. The top number is referred to as the systolic blood pressure. And the lower number or the bottom number is referred to as the diastolic blood pressure. The diastolic blood pressure measures the blood pressure within the arteries when the heart is at rest. And again, it is the lower number of the reading. So when the heart is resting, that's the diastolic pressure. Digestion. digestion is the breaking down of food so that nutrients can be used by the body. Dilate is the opposite of constrict. So in one of the past slides, we showed a narrow pupil, but when the pupil is open, that is when the pupil is dilated. Also, the arteries can dilate and constrict. And again, dilate is to get wider or to expand. Disinfection. Disinfection is destroying germs. So whether you're destroying it with soap or hand sanitizer, disinfecting your hands is really important as a CNA because you touch more surfaces than most likely anyone except for the housekeeper. So keep your hands clean and that will help keep your body healthy. Raw sheet. This is not something we use a whole bunch in current days, but it is either a folded sheet or an industrial strength pad that you would put beneath your resident. And it requires two caregivers, one on either side. At no point should your patient's skin be dragging or shearing on the bed. So you literally lift the patient up by using the draw sheet, move them up in the bed and then lower the draw sheet and then turn them to remove it. So a draw sheet. is placed under a resident so that the resident can be repositioned. And don't forget that we have our CNA bundle available on nurseunits.com. And if this is your first time here and you've not subscribed to our channel, I'd love to be your nurse educator and your instructor. I come on here a few days a week and I help my CNAs, my future nurses pass their exams. And now we'll continue. Whenever you see DYS prefix in front of the word, that means difficulty or pain. And you're looking at this person, looks like she may have a diagnosis or history of asthma, which means that she has shortness of breath or difficulty breathing. That is dyspnea. Dysuria. I know you know this. DYS in front of the word means difficulty and urea sounds really close to Urine. So if someone has dysuria, they're having difficulty with or painful urination. So dysuria is often one of the first signs that your resident has a urinary tract infection or a UTI. They're going to complain of pain while urinating or a burning sensation. Elimination. Elimination is the normal passage of urine and feces from the body. As a CNA, you want to promote healthy elimination. And so pretty much every time you come in to check on your resident, if he or she is not ambulatory and able to move on their own, you want to offer them an opportunity to use the bathroom. And that's going to help them eliminate, not become constipated and also not to retain urine. Ambulance. And so we have two different images of the inside of a vein. And one is normal. So you see blood flowing. It's not coagulating or clotting, sticking together. But with a deep vein thrombosis, you're going to see like the red blood cells start in a clump up. And whenever one of those clumps gets free and starts to travel, we call that an embolus. So an embolus is a blood clot that travels through the system until it lodges in a distant vessel. And that vessel could be the heart, the brain, the lungs. It could even be the eyes. So if we tell you not to move a person because we suspect they have a DVT, that's why. Because we don't want any emboluses or any blood clots to travel. Emesis. This is a hard word to pronounce. Let's do it again. Emesis. So your emesis basin is a small kidney shaped basin. Usually it's like a pink color. But when your person has to vomit, that is another term for emesis. Empathy. Empathy is to see something from someone else's point of view. Put yourself in your patient's shoes or your co-worker's shoes. That would be a time when you are being empathetic. or showing empathy. Enema. An enema is the introduction of fluid into the rectum and the lower colon. And usually whenever your nurse is going to be giving someone an enema to support maybe if they're constipated so they can have a bowel movement, we're going to let you know. We're going to be like, hey, I'm going to be giving the person an enema. And you want to know how much time do you have because you need to go in and put extra pads under them. And then preferably you will leave them turned on their left side. And the reason why is because whenever your nurse inserts the enema, that's going to allow the fluid to travel further up in the colon than if you turn them to the right side. So numerous pads, left side, and then your nurse will go in and insert the enema and give the fluids or the medication via the rectum. This one says ethics and the ethics is the understanding of proper and improper conduct. So whenever you're providing care, you always want to provide ethical care. Extension. Look at him. He hasn't seen you in a while. His arms are extended to embrace you and give you a hug. Extension is the straightening of a body part like an arm or an leg. external rotation. These are terms you're going to hear more often if you work in like a rehabilitation center. So external rotation is turning a joint outward. False imprisonment. Yes, I have pictures of a side rail there. In most of your facilities, the beds will have four rails, two at the top and two at the bottom. It can actually be considered imprisonment if you raise more than two rails. Usually that requires a doctor's order to raise three or four rails. So just keep that in mind because we're not supposed to, you know, prevent our residents from getting in and out of the bed unless the doctor has ordered complete bed rest or out of bed with assistance. If the patient's coherent, not post-op, not a fall risk. They can literally ask for those rails to be lowered, at which point you would go and get the nurse. And that will be a conversation for the nurse to have that patient. And then she or he will call the physician and get an order for us to have the side rails down for that particular person. Otherwise, we might be charged with false imprisonment. And that's how we restrict someone's movement without permission or without a doctor's order. Flatulence. Flatulence is excessive gas in the stomach and intestines. You may call it farting. The patient may call it farting, but the correct term is flatulence. Flexion is the opposite of extension. So flexion is bending of a body part or bringing it towards you. Rod. Fraud is to trick or fool another person. And with your elderly patients, with the disabled, sometimes it's easier to trick them because someone can call and just be really nice over the phone, but that's how scams could happen. So protect the elderly. If you ever suspect someone's a victim of fraud, you can alert the authorities. Friction. Friction is rubbing against the skin so much so that it becomes irritated, which is why we ask that you don't drag your patient's skin across the bed when you're pulling them up because that could cause friction. Gate belt. A gate belt is also referred to a transfer belt and it is used to assist in ambulation, walking, or transferring. For the CNA examination, you put a gate belt belt on your resident when you are walking them and when you are transferring them from the bed to the wheelchair. Gastrostomy. A gastrostomy is an incision in the abdomen through which a tube is inserted in order to feed those who cannot swallow. Most of the time, the gastronomy tubes are in the left part of the stomach. But in this image is more central, more midline and also kind of to the right. So I've not really seen any place that high, but in this image it is. Genitalia. Genitalia is also the sexual organs. Geriatric. Geriatric relates to old age or aging. Jerry chair. Jerry being short for geriatric. A Jerry chair is a recliner that has wheels. So whenever you're putting a resident into a Jerry chair, make sure that those brakes are locked on the wheels. Otherwise, that would be an unsafe transfer. And when you look at that tray, once you get your patient sitting in the chair, it reclines, you can sit it up during mealtime, you can remove the tray. And there's also an area that will allow the legs to be elevated. So there's a leg rest there too. Graduate. A graduate is a measuring container used to measure urine output. But honestly, it's not just urine. So if your patient has emesis or if they vomit, unless they vomit into a bath basin, you're to transfer the contents from the bath basin into a graduated container. So we can measure it. Also, fecal matter, if it's liquid, if they have diarrhea, we would transfer that bedpan contents into a graduated container. So if your patient has multiple stomach issues, plus they may have a catheter, well, then you may have two or three graduates, one for each type of bodily fluid. Why is that important? Because if a patient has more out, more output, then they have intake. they're going to become dehydrated. So if your patient has nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, more than likely they should have IV fluids too, because they can't take anything oral, because that's just going to make their stomach issues worse. Gluteal fold. The gluteal fold is the crease that divides the buttocks. Halitosis. All right, this isn't the best image, but it's what I have. Looks like he has an injured nose. I'm not sure if his nose was injured before or after smelling this person's breath. But when someone has halitosis, they have bad breath, which is why it's important for you as a CNA to provide oral care in the morning. and also before bedtime. Hemiplegia. So the prefix hemi means half. Plegia refers to numbness or weakness. So half of the person's body is weak. And so here in the image, maybe this person had a stroke, the blackened area would be the affected area. So after a stroke, a person may have a hard time moving one side of their body specifically. leg and their arm. And we say that they have hemiplegia. And this one says paralyzed. I apologize. So it could be paralysis, but it also could be weakness on one side. Hyper extension. For this one, he looks like somebody who was overdoing it in a gym. And maybe, just maybe, he moved a body part too far back and that's going to cause pain. So whenever you are assisting your residents. put their clothes on, range of motion. You don't want to bring their joints too far back because that is considered hyperextension. Host. Host is an environment in which germs live and multiply. Think about that bedside table. Think about those side rails. Think about the call bell. Sometimes when we think of a host, we think of a human. Those surfaces can also be host. So make sure you keep your patient's environment clean within their room. Do not put bedpans and urinals on their eating surfaces, such as their bedside table, because you will contaminate that table. H.S. care. H.S. is another way to say bedtime. So H.S. care is care during the evening hours. Hydration. Hydration is adequate fluid circulating in the body. You want to make sure your patients are well hydrated unless contraindicated. And let's go back. It would be contraindicated if your patient has congestive heart failure. So if they have a medical diagnosis to where they can't have a whole bunch of fluids, we're not going to let you overhydrate them because for them, their legs will become very edematous or swollen and they can also start. The fluids can back up into their heart and their lungs, and they're going to have heart problems and breathing problems. So hydration is good until your nurse and your doctor say otherwise. Hygiene. Hygiene is practices conducive to maintaining health and preventing disease, especially through cleanliness. So we'll call it personal hygiene. And if your patient can't provide personal hygiene. that is when you are going to go in and do their complete bed bath to make sure that they stay clean. Hypertension. Hyper prefix means more than or excessive. Tension refers to the pressure, in this case, pressure within the artery. So hypertension. Hypertension refers to high blood pressure. Ileostomy differs from colostomy. And the way it differs is that colostomy, the stoma was placed at the large intestine. With an ileostomy, the stoma or the artificial opening bringing the intestine out towards the outside of the body, the drainage is coming from the small intestines. So depending on where the ostomy is located is going to determine whether or not the stool is more liquid. or more formed. The higher up, the less time is had to be processed and turned into fecal matter. So it can be more liquid. And mobility. And so this doesn't show that the person's in traction, but traction would be like that pull the weight system that's going to keep a joint fixated in the air, usually after an orthopedic surgery. So if a person is in traction. You're not supposed to move that weight that's on the opposite end of the bed. You never move the weight. Instead, there's going to be like overhead trapeze that the patient can pull up on, like a handle that's in the air. They can pull up on that and that's how they can lift. So you can change the bed or put a bed pan beneath them. But when someone is in traction, they are immobile, meaning that they have the inability to move at least that one extremity. They cannot get out of bed. because they're recovering from some type of orthopedic issue or surgery. Immunity. Immunity is the protection against a disease. So rather you are boosting your immunity by natural means, such as the food that you intake, maybe some extra vitamins. Boosting your immunity is super important if you're going to be a caregiver. Incident. An incident is something that happens unexpectedly. So if your resident falls, that means that we're going to have to fill out an incident report. The incident reports are not to get you in trouble. The incident reports help us to, first of all, prevent an incident from happening again and also allows us to change the policies. So if you're not reporting incidents, that... concern, whatever caused that person to fall, is going to continue to happen. So an incident report, don't think of it as something that's detrimental to your career. We know that accidents are going to happen, but our job is to keep our residents safe and prevent those accidents. Incontinent. When you look at this image, it may be hard to see, but the illustration shows that his pants are wet and that his bed is wet. So when your patient is incontinent, which is the opposite of continence, they have the lack of control of their bowel or their bladder function. So they can have urinary incontinence and they can also have fecal incontinence. As a caregiver, as a CNA, we cannot expect our patients to wear diapers. A lot of your facilities are diaper free because the person who has a diaper on, they keep that moisture up against their skin and they're more likely to get a pressure sore or skin deterioration. So usually they just have their gowns on and nothing under their gowns. Why is that? Because we know that you will clean them faster. We know that the moisture's escaped or the fecal matter's escaped and now we can smell it. So that person's skin will be cleaned sooner than a person who wears a diaper. But if your patient refuses to wear a diaper and that would be an option at your facility, the best response always is going to be that you take them to the bathroom more frequently. If they are immobile, that means that you offer them the bedpan more frequently. Infection. So when you look at her eye, you see drainage and you see reddened areas. Those two are concerns. And that is abnormal. So maybe she has conjunctivitis or inflammation in the eye related to some type of germ or bacteria. So an infection is a disease state resulting from the evasion of germs in the body. And so if this was your resident and one of her eyes appeared to be infected and the other one was normal, whenever you are cleaning her face, you have to use separate washcloths. you cannot take a washcloth that you used on her affected eye and use it on the unaffected eye. Because what you're doing essentially is just moving the germs all over her face. This one is off to the side. It is intake. And intake is the amount of food or fluids taken in the body. And I've already told you that if your resident doesn't consume At least 50% of two of their meals notify the nurse, do not wait until dinner to tell the nurse that your patient has refused to eat all day. That is not appropriate. Internal rotation. Internal rotation is turning a joint inward. So it's the opposite of external rotation. And in this image looks like he's bringing his knee towards the inside. towards his midline. Intravenous or the abbreviation for intravenous is IV therapy. Intravenous therapy would either be fluids or nutrients that are provided through the veins. So the nurse would start an IV, an intravenous line, and from there the doctor will prescribe what goes through that line. Sometimes it's just normal saline, which is salt water. Sometimes it could have dextrose or sugar. Other times, especially if we're allowing their stomach to rest, they can get a full bag of nutrients and vitamins. So it's really important that if your patient's not eating, that we are supplementing their nutrition intravenously. This is an old term and I'm going to date myself here. So if you see a cardex in current times, please let me know. But in case we have an old school nurse or old school CNA who's watching, the term is cardex. And cardex... It's a file used by nurses to give information to oncoming shifts. It contains the diagnosis, care plan, and needed treatments. So it was literally a card, you all, and you can pull out your card and see what was going on with your patients. Leg bag. When someone has a urinary catheter, when they're in a hospital, you're just going to be attached to a larger drainage bag. But if this resident is mobile, if they're able to walk, if they're going to be discharged home, they may be discharged home with their catheter, but they need a bag that's going to allow them to have more independence. And that is when we would attach the leg bag. We don't have to change the catheter. We just change the bag that is connected to the catheter. Notice that this one holds a smaller amount of urine or liquid. So if they have a leg bag. they're going to be more than likely emptying this more frequently. And I already stated that a leg bag is a smaller type of urinary bag that attaches to the resident's leg. Long-term care. A long-term care is care given in a facility such as a nursing home over a long period of time. So in long-term care facilities, more than likely this resident is not returning home. That is their home. and you want to make their home as pleasant as possible. Malpractice. Malpractice is neglectful treatment that results in injury to the resident or patient. Menopause. Menopause is the end of a woman's reproductive years. And for some of you, I know you're like, well, that's not important. But let me tell you why it's important, because menopausal women have night sweats. And so if they have night sweats, what's happening to their skin is moist. So their skin would be more likely to break down. So if a woman is at the end of her reproductive years, make sure you do a thorough, you know, especially there's, you know, complaint of hot flashes that you try to, you know, have. difference one moment they're cold man they're hot that you're more understanding but also she's having those night sweats that means her skin's wet make sure you do a thorough skin assessment if you're helping with her baths and i can't believe that can't be it there there's no way you all that is it oh not to come up with more i wanted to go all the way through z everybody this is nurse eunice and it is saturday I hope that you enjoyed our quick medical terminology review. Again, if you give me a few hours, I will go ahead and add these slides to the CNA bundle, which is five dollars. And it contains cheat sheets, medical terminology, practice tests and also interview questions. And you can purchase that at NurseUnits.com. All right. You know, I love you. And my babies who let me know they passed their test. I'm so proud of you. And for those who are testing next week, I'm praying for you also. Bye, everybody. Have a great weekend.

So hopefully this is going to help you understand medical terminology better. And we'll get started in about 10 seconds. During this live stream, I will not be monitoring the chat. So if you are putting comments in the chat, I won't be able to see them.

until after the stream is over. But welcome everybody and good afternoon. All right, if this is your first time here, if you go to nurseunits.com, you can get these slides.

I have a C&A bundle. The slides are $5 and you go to nurseunits.com and that includes your cheat sheets, your practice exams. And if you wait until the end of this particular presentation. I will also add these slides.

All right, so let us go. Abduction. Abduction is whenever you draw away from the midline of the body or from an adjacent part of the limb.

So when you move an extremity away from the body, you are abducting the extremity. Abuse. Abuse is to treat in a harmful, injurious, or offensive way. either mentally or physically. Angina or angina, whichever way you pronounce it is correct.

Angina is a type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart. So if someone's having a heart attack, usually they will have angina or chest pain. Adduction. I love this image. So the opposite of abduction is to bring the arms in.

That would be adduction, and that's to move a body part toward the central axis of the body. Advocate. An advocate is a person who defends another person or who is on their side. Alignment.

This is really important when you have your patients or your residents in the bed. We always ask that you keep their extremities and their body aligned. And so alignment is the proper positioning of the body as in good posture. If you have them misaligned, that means they'll be too close to the edge of the bed.

They'll be actually touching the rail or they could fall out of the bed. So alignment is important. Ambulate.

Ambulate means to walk from place to place. For example, whenever you're checking your resident's activity orders, they may have an order that says, Ambulate as tolerated or Ambulate at lib. Just make sure they have their assistive devices and the proper shoes if they're going to be getting up without your assistance.

Anorexia. Anorexia means the lack of appetite for food. And normally you'll know that your residents or you'll notice the residents who are underweight. You want to be monitoring their food and their fluid intake to make sure they're not regurgitating the food after they eat.

That could be a sign of mental health issues or emotional issues. So my rule of thumb is if a resident or a patient doesn't eat at least 50 percent of two of their meals, you should be letting your nurse know. and we do not want our patients becoming anorexic or malnourished in our facilities.

Anuria, whenever you see the prefix a in front of the word, that is the lack thereof. So that's why there's an x on the drainage bag, an x on the urine bag, because if someone is aneuric or if they're experiencing anuria, they would not be able to urinate, so the bag would be empty. Usually you'll see anuria, usually at the end stage. So if someone's on hospice, they won't be producing urine.

Apnea. If a person goes into respiratory arrest, meaning that they stop breathing, if we can resuscitate them, keep their heart going, we may have to put them on a ventilator. So the vent ends up breathing for the person because the person is apneic, which means they have the lack of... or absence of breathing. Asepsis.

Asepsis is being free of pathogens or germs that cause disease. And one of the main things you can do to promote asepsis is proper hand washing. Assault. Assault is threatening or attempting to touch another person.

Aspiration. Aspiration is choking by drawing foreign matter into the respiratory tract. So in this image, you see someone performing abdominal thrust, which were previously referred to as the Heimlich maneuver.

But if your patient is choking, you'd have to perform a life saving act. You're going to do those abdominal thrust in order to remove the obstructed object. Atrophy.

and I want to repeat this again, atrophy. Look at the resident's legs. Atrophy is the wasting of weight of muscles.

And this could happen because of lack of range of motion, but also due to the lack of protein. So even if your patient refuses to eat meat, there are non-meat sources of protein. There are supplements, there's legumes or beans, there's peanut butter.

So there are other ways that your patient can receive those nutrients. In addition, if your patient's unable to move their extremity because maybe they've had a stroke, it's called passive range of motion. And that is when the CNA or the caregiver will do the exercises on behalf of the patient.

Keep those joints moving. And this term is kind of hard for people to pronounce. It's not auxiliary. It's axillary. So I want you to say it with me. axillary, and it's pointing towards the armpit.

So the axillary is related to the armpit area of the body. And for CNA, usually you'll hear axillary in regards to taking temperatures. Sometimes we'll take an oral temperature, but every now and then we have to take an axillary temperature.

Bacteria. Bacteria or germs. They're usually microscopic, single cell plant lives that multiply rapidly.

Base of support. When you think of base of support, I want you to look at the bottom of a cane or the bottom of the walker. And that's an area on which an object rests. So if you want your person to be more stable, sometimes they'll have a quad cane. And it's a cane that instead of just having one singular point at the bottom, will have four protruding areas.

And that widens the base of support and helps to keep your resident more stable. Battery. Battery is touching someone's body without their permission or consent. Biohazardous waste. Biohazardous waste are items that have been contaminated with blood, body fluids or substances that are harmful to others.

In your facilities, you'll usually have a red trash can that has a red bag. Biohazardous waste that are soft in nature would go into the bag. If it's a needle, let's say the laboratory tech left a needle at the bedside, you cannot put that into a bag.

because it would penetrate the bag. It would go through it. Instead, you'd put that in the sharps container, which is also another place where your biohazardous waste would go. Blood pressure. The blood pressure measures the force of blood against the walls of the blood vessels.

So we're receiving those internal pressures. How hard is the heart working to circulate blood? That's what you're... monitoring whenever you take a blood pressure.

Bowel movement. The bowel movement is the passage of feces through the anus and is also referred to as defecation. If your patient goes more than two days without a bowel movement, you want to try to do something to help promote a bowel movement such as getting them up, ambulating them, making sure they have enough fluids. If it's allowed, they can have prune juice.

And the reason why I say if it's allowed, because you have patients, especially if they're a diabetic, they can't have the excess sugar that's in the prune juice. If your patient has renal or kidney failure, prune juice is high in potassium. So that would be another person who cannot have prune juice.

So if your patient has not had a bowel movement in two days, get them up, give them fluids such as water, and then ask your nurse if you're unsure whether or not the person can have prune juice. And usually the prune juice will help promote a bowel movement within a few hours. And then your nurse can also provide stool softeners.

Carrier. A carrier is an animal or a... human that carries an infectious microorganism within his body, but it's not showing any actual signs or symptoms. So malaria is a disease that's carried by mosquitoes. So the mosquito would be the carrier.

Catheter. A catheter is the flexible tubing that's inserted into the bladder through the urethra. the best way for me to explain what the urethra is, it's that small hole that the urine escapes from.

So whether you're a male or a woman, that's not your pee hole, it's called the urethra. But the catheter is the flexible tubing that's inserted through the urethra into it. And that's how we drain the urine from the bladder.

If you look at the very end of the catheter, you're going to see a balloon area. You're going to see an area that's protruding. So when the nurse inserts a catheter into your patient's body, the way that it stays in place is that your nurse uses saline to inflate the balloon that sits at the base of the bladder. So when you see your patient pulling on your catheter, yes, they're literally causing internal damage, not just within their urinary tract, but within their bladder. And if they are successful, they can pull the drainage bag out, the catheter out with that inflated balloon in place.

And of course, that's going to be traumatic to the patient. And now we're going to have blood and a patient who's in pain. So that's why we ask that you keep the catheter secure and that you also do not allow your patients to tug on the catheters.

If your patient continues to tug on the catheter, well, then we need to be deciding if the patient even needs it because we don't want to cause any damage to the patient. All right. Great job, team.

Our next one, CDC. The CDC is also referred to as the Centers for Disease Control, and it is a division of the U.S. Health Services that is responsible for controlling, investigating and preventing diseases.

Why is the CDC important? Because if there are rules on gloving, masking, PPE, when to wear what, research, your hospital just doesn't come up with those rules on their own. They get the ruling from the CDC.

And so if you ever have questions about anything related to personal protective equipment or hand washing, I would recommend that you go to the CDC's website, just type in the search and you can find the information for yourself. Chart. A chart is the resident's medical record. So even though a lot of our records are now electronic or on a computer, there's still a chart somewhere.

There's a paper record so that people can access the information. If they're in a facility, chemical restraint, which is different from a physical restraint. So when you think of a physical restraint, if we have a patient who's fighting us, I'm going to call the doctor and ask for physical restraint. The physical restraint allows us to restrain the person temporarily long enough for me to start an IV so that I can give them their chemical restraint.

The chemical restraint is a drug. used to control someone's behavior. So the physical restraint usually doesn't calm them down.

It's the chemical restraint that does so. Chronic illness. A chronic illness such as diabetes is an illness that lasts a long time.

So if you have an illness for longer than six months, we consider that a chronic illness. Civil laws. Civil laws are laws concerned with offenses against the public. Claustrophobia. Cost claustrophobia is the fear of being closed in in regards to your patients.

They'll usually let you know that they don't want to have an MRI taken. If you've never been in an MRI before, it's an enclosed medical device. And the patients can sometimes feel claustrophobic once they're put into that device.

And so as far as health care is related, if a patient's getting on the elevator or an MRI. They may have claustrophobia, but your nurse and your doctor can work with the patient and provide them with some anti-anxiety medication and also some non-pharmacological ways to reduce stress, such as breathing exercises, mindful thinking, and maybe like music therapy. A closed bed is not a term that we hear a lot, but a closed bed is a bed that has not yet been used by the resident.

So the linens have not been pulled back. So never environmental services or housekeeping they get through with the bed. We call that a closed bed Colon the colon that's part of your intestines.

It's your large intestine colostomy colostomy is an artificial opening from the colon through the abdominal wall that the feces can pass through and for this one, the feces is passing through the large intestine. So if you're taking notes while you're watching this video, colostomy, large intestines, and that's the stoma, the reddened area that you can see from the ostomy wafer or the ostomy appliance. It should always be a nice beefy red.

It shouldn't have any drainage that's not expected. So we expect fecal drainage. But if you see anything else, maybe something that's yellow or pus-like or bloody, that will be something that you want to notify your nurse about.

Communicable disease. A communicable disease is a contagious disease easily spread from person to person. Communication. Communication is the exchange of thoughts and ideals between two or more people.

And sometimes with your patients, especially when you're taking a CNA exam, active communication means that you listen more than you talk. So sometimes communication is just you speaking when appropriate. Concentrated urine. Concentrated urine is urine that is dark and strong in odor, usually due to dehydration.

So if you notice that your patient's urine is. dark and it has a strong scent, you want to encourage fluids. And then you can go out and make sure that your nurse is aware that the person has darkened urine. That does not mean that they have an infection. It just means that they're lacking hydration. Confidentiality is keeping information from another person because it is appropriate to do so.

So think about your confidentiality laws. HIPAA, you're only going to share information with those on a healthcare team who are responsible for that person's care. Constipation.

Constipation is the difficulty in passing feces. And so I'm going to make a video soon about the colors of poop, but the color and consistency of poop can tell you about the person's bowel habits. So if the person has small rock-like fecal matter or stool, that could be a sign of constipation.

Also, if they have streams of stool, that means that only a small amount of stool is able to pass through and that the rest is blocked. So, you know, one day I'll have that video up where you all can, you know, see what the fecal colors and the fecal types mean, but you can look at someone's bowel movement and tell whether or not they're constipated. When you look at the eyes here, we have one where the pupil is open in the dark, and then we have one where in a brightly lit room, it's kind of closed off, or excuse me, it's narrower.

And so the term we like to use is constrict. We expect for the pupils to constrict in bright light. So whenever the light is bright, the pupil should narrow. Contamination.

When I look at this picture, I'm like, just throw the whole house away, my lord. So contamination is the process of spreading germs to an area. So if you see rodents, if you see insects in someone's house, those insects and rodents are passing germs from one area to another.

Continence. I chose this photo because she looks so happy. She's been working a 12 hour shift.

She finally sat down. She held her bladder for 10 full hours because she's crazy, but they do call you a lot. And so now she's finally able to relieve herself. The fact that she could hold her urine for that long meant that she had the ability to control it.

So she was continent, which is the opposite of incontinence, culture. Culture is the accumulation of customs, beliefs, values, habits, and objects shared by people usually passed from one generation to the next. And as a caregiver, as a CNA, you have to respect individuals' cultural beliefs.

Cyanotic. Look at the fingertips. They're discolored. They're mottled.

Whether you call that blue or purple, it is abnormal. normal. So cyanosis is the bluest noted on the body due to a lack of oxygen.

And I'm sure that if you touch this resident's hands, the hands would feel cool to touch. Dandruff. Dandruff is a very dry scab that creates the white flakes.

Defamation. And usually you'll hear this in relation to character. Defamation of character. Defamation is harming a person's reputation by making false statements to another person. Diarrhea.

Diarrhea is when a resident or a person would experience loose or watery stools. Diastolic pressure. So your blood pressure consists of two numbers. The top number is referred to as the systolic blood pressure. And the lower number or the bottom number is referred to as the diastolic blood pressure.

The diastolic blood pressure measures the blood pressure within the arteries when the heart is at rest. And again, it is the lower number of the reading. So when the heart is resting, that's the diastolic pressure. Digestion.

digestion is the breaking down of food so that nutrients can be used by the body. Dilate is the opposite of constrict. So in one of the past slides, we showed a narrow pupil, but when the pupil is open, that is when the pupil is dilated. Also, the arteries can dilate and constrict.

And again, dilate is to get wider or to expand. Disinfection. Disinfection is destroying germs. So whether you're destroying it with soap or hand sanitizer, disinfecting your hands is really important as a CNA because you touch more surfaces than most likely anyone except for the housekeeper. So keep your hands clean and that will help keep your body healthy.

Raw sheet. This is not something we use a whole bunch in current days, but it is either a folded sheet or an industrial strength pad that you would put beneath your resident. And it requires two caregivers, one on either side. At no point should your patient's skin be dragging or shearing on the bed. So you literally lift the patient up by using the draw sheet, move them up in the bed and then lower the draw sheet and then turn them to remove it.

So a draw sheet. is placed under a resident so that the resident can be repositioned. And don't forget that we have our CNA bundle available on nurseunits.com. And if this is your first time here and you've not subscribed to our channel, I'd love to be your nurse educator and your instructor. I come on here a few days a week and I help my CNAs, my future nurses pass their exams.

And now we'll continue. Whenever you see DYS prefix in front of the word, that means difficulty or pain. And you're looking at this person, looks like she may have a diagnosis or history of asthma, which means that she has shortness of breath or difficulty breathing. That is dyspnea. Dysuria.

I know you know this. DYS in front of the word means difficulty and urea sounds really close to Urine. So if someone has dysuria, they're having difficulty with or painful urination.

So dysuria is often one of the first signs that your resident has a urinary tract infection or a UTI. They're going to complain of pain while urinating or a burning sensation. Elimination.

Elimination is the normal passage of urine and feces from the body. As a CNA, you want to promote healthy elimination. And so pretty much every time you come in to check on your resident, if he or she is not ambulatory and able to move on their own, you want to offer them an opportunity to use the bathroom.

And that's going to help them eliminate, not become constipated and also not to retain urine. Ambulance. And so we have two different images of the inside of a vein.

And one is normal. So you see blood flowing. It's not coagulating or clotting, sticking together.

But with a deep vein thrombosis, you're going to see like the red blood cells start in a clump up. And whenever one of those clumps gets free and starts to travel, we call that an embolus. So an embolus is a blood clot that travels through the system until it lodges in a distant vessel.

And that vessel could be the heart, the brain, the lungs. It could even be the eyes. So if we tell you not to move a person because we suspect they have a DVT, that's why.

Because we don't want any emboluses or any blood clots to travel. Emesis. This is a hard word to pronounce.

Let's do it again. Emesis. So your emesis basin is a small kidney shaped basin. Usually it's like a pink color.

But when your person has to vomit, that is another term for emesis. Empathy. Empathy is to see something from someone else's point of view. Put yourself in your patient's shoes or your co-worker's shoes.

That would be a time when you are being empathetic. or showing empathy. Enema.

An enema is the introduction of fluid into the rectum and the lower colon. And usually whenever your nurse is going to be giving someone an enema to support maybe if they're constipated so they can have a bowel movement, we're going to let you know. We're going to be like, hey, I'm going to be giving the person an enema. And you want to know how much time do you have because you need to go in and put extra pads under them.

And then preferably you will leave them turned on their left side. And the reason why is because whenever your nurse inserts the enema, that's going to allow the fluid to travel further up in the colon than if you turn them to the right side. So numerous pads, left side, and then your nurse will go in and insert the enema and give the fluids or the medication via the rectum.

This one says ethics and the ethics is the understanding of proper and improper conduct. So whenever you're providing care, you always want to provide ethical care. Extension. Look at him. He hasn't seen you in a while.

His arms are extended to embrace you and give you a hug. Extension is the straightening of a body part like an arm or an leg. external rotation.

These are terms you're going to hear more often if you work in like a rehabilitation center. So external rotation is turning a joint outward. False imprisonment. Yes, I have pictures of a side rail there.

In most of your facilities, the beds will have four rails, two at the top and two at the bottom. It can actually be considered imprisonment if you raise more than two rails. Usually that requires a doctor's order to raise three or four rails. So just keep that in mind because we're not supposed to, you know, prevent our residents from getting in and out of the bed unless the doctor has ordered complete bed rest or out of bed with assistance.

If the patient's coherent, not post-op, not a fall risk. They can literally ask for those rails to be lowered, at which point you would go and get the nurse. And that will be a conversation for the nurse to have that patient. And then she or he will call the physician and get an order for us to have the side rails down for that particular person.

Otherwise, we might be charged with false imprisonment. And that's how we restrict someone's movement without permission or without a doctor's order. Flatulence.

Flatulence is excessive gas in the stomach and intestines. You may call it farting. The patient may call it farting, but the correct term is flatulence.

Flexion is the opposite of extension. So flexion is bending of a body part or bringing it towards you. Rod. Fraud is to trick or fool another person. And with your elderly patients, with the disabled, sometimes it's easier to trick them because someone can call and just be really nice over the phone, but that's how scams could happen.

So protect the elderly. If you ever suspect someone's a victim of fraud, you can alert the authorities. Friction.

Friction is rubbing against the skin so much so that it becomes irritated, which is why we ask that you don't drag your patient's skin across the bed when you're pulling them up because that could cause friction. Gate belt. A gate belt is also referred to a transfer belt and it is used to assist in ambulation, walking, or transferring.

For the CNA examination, you put a gate belt belt on your resident when you are walking them and when you are transferring them from the bed to the wheelchair. Gastrostomy. A gastrostomy is an incision in the abdomen through which a tube is inserted in order to feed those who cannot swallow. Most of the time, the gastronomy tubes are in the left part of the stomach. But in this image is more central, more midline and also kind of to the right.

So I've not really seen any place that high, but in this image it is. Genitalia. Genitalia is also the sexual organs. Geriatric. Geriatric relates to old age or aging.

Jerry chair. Jerry being short for geriatric. A Jerry chair is a recliner that has wheels.

So whenever you're putting a resident into a Jerry chair, make sure that those brakes are locked on the wheels. Otherwise, that would be an unsafe transfer. And when you look at that tray, once you get your patient sitting in the chair, it reclines, you can sit it up during mealtime, you can remove the tray.

And there's also an area that will allow the legs to be elevated. So there's a leg rest there too. Graduate.

A graduate is a measuring container used to measure urine output. But honestly, it's not just urine. So if your patient has emesis or if they vomit, unless they vomit into a bath basin, you're to transfer the contents from the bath basin into a graduated container.

So we can measure it. Also, fecal matter, if it's liquid, if they have diarrhea, we would transfer that bedpan contents into a graduated container. So if your patient has multiple stomach issues, plus they may have a catheter, well, then you may have two or three graduates, one for each type of bodily fluid. Why is that important?

Because if a patient has more out, more output, then they have intake. they're going to become dehydrated. So if your patient has nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, more than likely they should have IV fluids too, because they can't take anything oral, because that's just going to make their stomach issues worse.

Gluteal fold. The gluteal fold is the crease that divides the buttocks. Halitosis.

All right, this isn't the best image, but it's what I have. Looks like he has an injured nose. I'm not sure if his nose was injured before or after smelling this person's breath. But when someone has halitosis, they have bad breath, which is why it's important for you as a CNA to provide oral care in the morning. and also before bedtime.

Hemiplegia. So the prefix hemi means half. Plegia refers to numbness or weakness. So half of the person's body is weak.

And so here in the image, maybe this person had a stroke, the blackened area would be the affected area. So after a stroke, a person may have a hard time moving one side of their body specifically. leg and their arm. And we say that they have hemiplegia. And this one says paralyzed.

I apologize. So it could be paralysis, but it also could be weakness on one side. Hyper extension. For this one, he looks like somebody who was overdoing it in a gym.

And maybe, just maybe, he moved a body part too far back and that's going to cause pain. So whenever you are assisting your residents. put their clothes on, range of motion.

You don't want to bring their joints too far back because that is considered hyperextension. Host. Host is an environment in which germs live and multiply. Think about that bedside table. Think about those side rails.

Think about the call bell. Sometimes when we think of a host, we think of a human. Those surfaces can also be host. So make sure you keep your patient's environment clean within their room. Do not put bedpans and urinals on their eating surfaces, such as their bedside table, because you will contaminate that table.

H.S. care. H.S.

is another way to say bedtime. So H.S. care is care during the evening hours.

Hydration. Hydration is adequate fluid circulating in the body. You want to make sure your patients are well hydrated unless contraindicated. And let's go back.

It would be contraindicated if your patient has congestive heart failure. So if they have a medical diagnosis to where they can't have a whole bunch of fluids, we're not going to let you overhydrate them because for them, their legs will become very edematous or swollen and they can also start. The fluids can back up into their heart and their lungs, and they're going to have heart problems and breathing problems.

So hydration is good until your nurse and your doctor say otherwise. Hygiene. Hygiene is practices conducive to maintaining health and preventing disease, especially through cleanliness.

So we'll call it personal hygiene. And if your patient can't provide personal hygiene. that is when you are going to go in and do their complete bed bath to make sure that they stay clean. Hypertension.

Hyper prefix means more than or excessive. Tension refers to the pressure, in this case, pressure within the artery. So hypertension.

Hypertension refers to high blood pressure. Ileostomy differs from colostomy. And the way it differs is that colostomy, the stoma was placed at the large intestine.

With an ileostomy, the stoma or the artificial opening bringing the intestine out towards the outside of the body, the drainage is coming from the small intestines. So depending on where the ostomy is located is going to determine whether or not the stool is more liquid. or more formed. The higher up, the less time is had to be processed and turned into fecal matter.

So it can be more liquid. And mobility. And so this doesn't show that the person's in traction, but traction would be like that pull the weight system that's going to keep a joint fixated in the air, usually after an orthopedic surgery.

So if a person is in traction. You're not supposed to move that weight that's on the opposite end of the bed. You never move the weight. Instead, there's going to be like overhead trapeze that the patient can pull up on, like a handle that's in the air.

They can pull up on that and that's how they can lift. So you can change the bed or put a bed pan beneath them. But when someone is in traction, they are immobile, meaning that they have the inability to move at least that one extremity.

They cannot get out of bed. because they're recovering from some type of orthopedic issue or surgery. Immunity. Immunity is the protection against a disease. So rather you are boosting your immunity by natural means, such as the food that you intake, maybe some extra vitamins.

Boosting your immunity is super important if you're going to be a caregiver. Incident. An incident is something that happens unexpectedly. So if your resident falls, that means that we're going to have to fill out an incident report. The incident reports are not to get you in trouble.

The incident reports help us to, first of all, prevent an incident from happening again and also allows us to change the policies. So if you're not reporting incidents, that... concern, whatever caused that person to fall, is going to continue to happen. So an incident report, don't think of it as something that's detrimental to your career. We know that accidents are going to happen, but our job is to keep our residents safe and prevent those accidents.

Incontinent. When you look at this image, it may be hard to see, but the illustration shows that his pants are wet and that his bed is wet. So when your patient is incontinent, which is the opposite of continence, they have the lack of control of their bowel or their bladder function.

So they can have urinary incontinence and they can also have fecal incontinence. As a caregiver, as a CNA, we cannot expect our patients to wear diapers. A lot of your facilities are diaper free because the person who has a diaper on, they keep that moisture up against their skin and they're more likely to get a pressure sore or skin deterioration. So usually they just have their gowns on and nothing under their gowns. Why is that?

Because we know that you will clean them faster. We know that the moisture's escaped or the fecal matter's escaped and now we can smell it. So that person's skin will be cleaned sooner than a person who wears a diaper. But if your patient refuses to wear a diaper and that would be an option at your facility, the best response always is going to be that you take them to the bathroom more frequently. If they are immobile, that means that you offer them the bedpan more frequently.

Infection. So when you look at her eye, you see drainage and you see reddened areas. Those two are concerns.

And that is abnormal. So maybe she has conjunctivitis or inflammation in the eye related to some type of germ or bacteria. So an infection is a disease state resulting from the evasion of germs in the body.

And so if this was your resident and one of her eyes appeared to be infected and the other one was normal, whenever you are cleaning her face, you have to use separate washcloths. you cannot take a washcloth that you used on her affected eye and use it on the unaffected eye. Because what you're doing essentially is just moving the germs all over her face. This one is off to the side. It is intake.

And intake is the amount of food or fluids taken in the body. And I've already told you that if your resident doesn't consume At least 50% of two of their meals notify the nurse, do not wait until dinner to tell the nurse that your patient has refused to eat all day. That is not appropriate. Internal rotation.

Internal rotation is turning a joint inward. So it's the opposite of external rotation. And in this image looks like he's bringing his knee towards the inside.

towards his midline. Intravenous or the abbreviation for intravenous is IV therapy. Intravenous therapy would either be fluids or nutrients that are provided through the veins. So the nurse would start an IV, an intravenous line, and from there the doctor will prescribe what goes through that line. Sometimes it's just normal saline, which is salt water.

Sometimes it could have dextrose or sugar. Other times, especially if we're allowing their stomach to rest, they can get a full bag of nutrients and vitamins. So it's really important that if your patient's not eating, that we are supplementing their nutrition intravenously. This is an old term and I'm going to date myself here.

So if you see a cardex in current times, please let me know. But in case we have an old school nurse or old school CNA who's watching, the term is cardex. And cardex... It's a file used by nurses to give information to oncoming shifts. It contains the diagnosis, care plan, and needed treatments.

So it was literally a card, you all, and you can pull out your card and see what was going on with your patients. Leg bag. When someone has a urinary catheter, when they're in a hospital, you're just going to be attached to a larger drainage bag.

But if this resident is mobile, if they're able to walk, if they're going to be discharged home, they may be discharged home with their catheter, but they need a bag that's going to allow them to have more independence. And that is when we would attach the leg bag. We don't have to change the catheter. We just change the bag that is connected to the catheter. Notice that this one holds a smaller amount of urine or liquid.

So if they have a leg bag. they're going to be more than likely emptying this more frequently. And I already stated that a leg bag is a smaller type of urinary bag that attaches to the resident's leg. Long-term care. A long-term care is care given in a facility such as a nursing home over a long period of time.

So in long-term care facilities, more than likely this resident is not returning home. That is their home. and you want to make their home as pleasant as possible.

Malpractice. Malpractice is neglectful treatment that results in injury to the resident or patient. Menopause. Menopause is the end of a woman's reproductive years.

And for some of you, I know you're like, well, that's not important. But let me tell you why it's important, because menopausal women have night sweats. And so if they have night sweats, what's happening to their skin is moist. So their skin would be more likely to break down. So if a woman is at the end of her reproductive years, make sure you do a thorough, you know, especially there's, you know, complaint of hot flashes that you try to, you know, have.

difference one moment they're cold man they're hot that you're more understanding but also she's having those night sweats that means her skin's wet make sure you do a thorough skin assessment if you're helping with her baths and i can't believe that can't be it there there's no way you all that is it oh not to come up with more i wanted to go all the way through z everybody this is nurse eunice and it is saturday I hope that you enjoyed our quick medical terminology review. Again, if you give me a few hours, I will go ahead and add these slides to the CNA bundle, which is five dollars. And it contains cheat sheets, medical terminology, practice tests and also interview questions. And you can purchase that at NurseUnits.com.

All right. You know, I love you. And my babies who let me know they passed their test. I'm so proud of you.

And for those who are testing next week, I'm praying for you also. Bye, everybody. Have a great weekend.

Transcript for:Medical Terminology Concepts with Nurse Eunice

Transcript for:
Medical Terminology Concepts with Nurse Eunice