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What are indicating instruments and how do they function?
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Indicating instruments show the magnitude of the measured quantity using a dial or pointer.
What is the definition of a measurement standard?
A measurement standard is a physical representation of a unit of measurement.
Why are national standards laboratories important for global measurement consistency?
They utilize primary standards to maintain measurement consistency and accuracy worldwide.
Give an example of an integrating instrument.
Energy meter or ampere-hour meter.
What are international standards in measurement?
They are units used in contemporary technology and scientific methods.
How are secondary instruments calibrated?
Secondary instruments are calibrated by comparing them with other secondary instruments like voltmeters or ammeters.
Describe recording instruments and their primary application.
Recording instruments provide a continuous record of a quantity over time, using a pen to record on a medium like graph paper.
What are the three subcategories of secondary instruments?
Indicating instruments, recording instruments, and integrating instruments.
What is the main disadvantage of using absolute instruments for measurements?
Reading values vary each time, making them less practical for consistent measurement outside laboratory settings.
Which type of instruments are more suited for practical and everyday measurements?
Secondary instruments.
What type of standards are commonly used in general laboratory instruments?
Working standards.
What do integrating instruments measure, and how is the output represented?
Integrating instruments totalize events over time, and the output is often a product of time and an electrical quantity.
Define an absolute instrument and give an example.
An absolute instrument determines the magnitude of a quantity directly, e.g., tangent galvanometer.
How do primary standards differ from secondary standards?
Primary standards are used in national standards laboratories, while secondary standards are used in industrial measurement laboratories.
In the context of electrical measurement, what unit is commonly used to express power?
Wattmeter.
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