Class 10 - Chemistry: Metals and Their Properties

Key Points

• Chapter: Metals and Their Properties (Minerals and Ore)
• Important Elements: Iron, Aluminium, Copper, Silver, Gold

Detailed Description of Metals

Iron

• Chemical Formula: Fe₂O₃ (Hematite)
• Physical Properties:
  • Melting Point: 1538°C
  • Boiling Point: 2500°C
  • Specific Gravity: 7.86
  • Good conductor of electricity
  • Magnetic properties
• Uses:
  • Agricultural equipment
  • Domestic utensils
  • Construction material
  • Use of powdered iron

Aluminium

• Chemical Formula: Al₂O₃.2H₂O
• Physical Properties:
  • Lightweight metal
  • Melting Point: 660°C
  • Boiling Point: 1800°C
  • Specific Gravity: 2.7
  • Good conductor of electricity
• Uses:
  • Aircraft and bus bodies
  • Aluminium foil
  • Coins

Copper

• Chemical Formula: Cu
• Physical Properties:
  • Color: Red
  • Melting Point: 1083°C
  • Boiling Point: 2567°C
  • Specific Gravity: 8.93
  • Good conductor of electricity and heat
• Uses:
  • Electrical wires
  • Domestic appliances
  • Alloys like bronze
  • Electroplating

Silver

• Chemical Formula: Ag
• Physical Properties:
  • Melting Point: 960°C
  • Boiling Point: 1955°C
  • Specific Gravity: 10.5
  • Good conductor of electricity
• Uses:
  • Jewelry
  • Mirrors
  • Coins

Gold

• Chemical Formula: Au
• Physical Properties:
  • Atomic Weight: 197.2 amu
  • Specific Gravity: 19.3
  • Good conductor of electricity and heat
  • Soft and malleable metal
• Uses:
  • Jewelry
  • Gold plating
  • Used in medicine and photography

Conclusion

• Metals are important based on various physical and chemical properties.
• Each metal has specific uses and characteristics that make them unique.