Overview
This lecture explains Gregory's constructivist theory of perception, emphasizing how perception is built using inferences and past experiences rather than innate abilities.
Gregory's Constructivist Theory of Perception
- Gregory argues that perception is constructed by the mind using inferences.
- Inferences involve drawing conclusions from available sensory information and past experiences.
- Perception is not a direct copy of reality but an interpretation or "best guess" of what is present.
Role of Inferences & Experience
- The brain uses previous experiences to interpret new sensory information.
- Example: Seeing someone smile leads us to infer they are pleased, based on past experience.
- Inferences combine current environmental cues with what we have learned in the past.
Visual Cues in Perception
- Visual cues, like depth, distance, size, and shape, help the brain make sense of what is seen.
- The brain uses these cues to make its "guesses" about objects and situations.
Errors in Perception (Mistaken Hypotheses)
- Sometimes the brain draws incorrect conclusions, such as with visual illusions.
- Gregory calls these errors "mistaken hypotheses," where perception does not match reality.
Gregory vs. Gibson: Nature vs. Nurture
- Gregory’s theory emphasizes nurture: perception is learned through interacting with the world.
- As individuals gain experiences, their perception becomes more detailed and accurate.
- This view contrasts with Gibson's theory (which highlights inborn perceptual abilities).
Key Terms & Definitions
- Inference — A conclusion drawn from sensory information and past experience.
- Visual Cue — Environmental features (e.g., depth, size) used by the brain to interpret what is seen.
- Mistaken Hypothesis — An incorrect perception resulting from a wrong inference (e.g., a visual illusion).
- Constructivist Theory — The idea that perception is built up from sensory input and learned experiences.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review key differences between Gregory's and Gibson's theories.
- Prepare examples of mistaken hypotheses for discussion.