good day my fellow geographers and welcome back to yet another geology episode once again I'd like to thank you for tuning in and if you're new to this channel I'm Andre kumanda and I make videos on the Caps curriculum I'd like to welcome you on our Channel I hope this will be simple enough for you I hope it will be of great benefit so if we take a peck at the Caps document under the geomorphology section we can clearly see that that so far we have achieved that so we went through the different types of Concepts that was on the first video the second video in this playlist is the previous video in which we explained the different types of rivers and as you might have predicted we will be going through different types of trage patterns in this video right I also did hear requests that I should finish up the climatology section which I will and that may be think that maybe I should be not focusing on one particular geography topic but maybe multiple of them at once and hence in that way I'll be able to help a lot of people with different requests so with that being said I'd like you guys to to write down a comment on this video on any topic under geography that you would like me to explain so there we go comment Down Below guys with your topic requests okay on any geography topic I will note it and I will upload it before the June exams okay so let's get on to it then drainage patterns are simply the arrangement of streams in a drainage basin okay remember we said that a drainage basin is the area that is covered by a river system a river system we said that it is the main river and its tributaries okay that's what a river system is and hence this whole area we would call that a drainage basin it's as simple as that okay now streams in different drainage basins are arranged differently and so this is what drainage partn is about okay observing the different Arrangements of streams that we have and there's actually seven of them okay seven different Arrangements of streams in different drainage basin okay okay and you have to know the rock type you have to know the appearance you have to know the angles at which tributaries join the mainstream and if you master all seven of them you master drainage patterns okay so let's go ahead and take a look at the first one okay so the first one is the dendritic pattern okay we call it the dendritic pattern now the dendritic pattern I usually call it the common pattern okay because this is what your teacher would usually draw when they are drawing out a river system right dendritic pattern simply looks like a tree okay so if you take a look at this you can clearly see that this is the main river okay the solid bold line right and then these are your tributaries okay and the whole river system looks like a tree okay so it looks like a huge tree and so it's easily identifiable really so what makes a dendritic pattern a dendritic pattern is that tributaries join the main river Channel at acute angles right so acute angles are simply angles that are less than 90° okay so if you take a look if you would zoom in here okay take a look at the angle that these tributaries join the main River at okay so you look at this this angle is less than 90 that is less than 90 that is less than 90 that is less than 90 so on and so on so I could go all day guys but the point is that the tributaries join the main river at acute angles okay so that is the defining characteristic or the unique characteristic right and we saying that it looks like the branch of a tree or it looks like a tree this is the easiest drainage pattern to identify on a paper guys dritic pattern you cannot miss it out but you have to know its characteristics okay so that when they say a drainage pattern in which tributaries join the main river Channel at acute angles you definitely know that this is a dritic pattern okay they are not always going to show you the diagram As We Know they can describe the characteristics of the drainage pattern okay so that's how you identify it if you are given a description or they would say that it looks like the branches of a tree okay then you would know that that is the dendritic pattern now the rock type a lot of students miss out on the rock type they don't study what type of rock um is is usually found under the drainage pattern and that does not help you at all guys you have to know the rock type of each and every drainage pattern we have that is how you master this concept of drainage patterns okay so the rock type of the dendritic pattern are rocks that have equal resistance they have uniform resistance to erosion okay so should be equal or uniform resistant to erosion that means that the rock underneath this drainage pattern is a rock that is the same everywhere okay if you stand here you'll find the same Rock if you stand there you'll find the same Rock so on and so on so it's the same rock all over all over the drainage basin okay it has the same resistance that means it will erode at the same rate everywhere at every little area in this drainage basin so that is the dendritic pattern now the next patterns I really need you to make connections okay between patterns that's how you can be able to remember all of them right so the next two drainage patterns are patterns that are very similar to each other such that a lot of people frequently confuse them and that is the trailes pattern and the rectangular pattern these two patterns are quite similar but they are not the same okay the minute you can be able to make connections between different types of drainage patterns that's when you master drainage patterns okay so I need you to realize that these two are similar but they are different okay in that way you'll be able to know the difference between them and that way you'll be able to identify them and not confuse them okay so let's start with the trist pattern the trist pattern has tributaries that join the main river at right angles okay that's fine but the defining characteristic of Tres pattern is that the mainstream is straight okay the mainstream or the main river channel is straight guys okay it does not have any bands it does not twist and turn it moves straight okay so that is the trailers pattern right so in this pattern you'll find out that main streams are parallel to each other okay so this is the main stream that is one mainstream you could have another mainstream uh next to this one like that okay another mainstream like that and then you could also have another mainstream over there moving like that okay so as you can see all of these main streams are parallel to each other and the reason is that triles patterns usually occur on top of alternating hard and soft rock okay so you might have a hard rock here and then you have a soft rock right here and then another hard rock and then a soft rock okay so these alternating hard soft hard soft the soft rock usually will allow more erosion and hence these main river channels will flow along and then the Hard Rock will not allow a lot of erosion and hence you do not have main river channels there okay so that's the type of rock that you would find underneath a Tres pattern okay alternating hard and soft rocks hard soft hard soft hard soft so on and so on right and another type of frck that we find underneath Tris pattern is the folded sedimentary rocks so if I'm going to draw on this so it could be something that looks like that okay so folded rocks okay and then on the top of the surface they make out these ridges okay right so this is what you would normally have so this would make out the Hard Rock okay and then in between these you have soft rocks okay right so something like that guys okay so that you hope you get the idea there so that is the trailers pattern what I need you to take from this guys is is the type is the rock type it has alternating hard and soft rocks or the rock type could be folded sedimentary rocks okay and two of the most important characteristics are one tributaries join the main river at right angles and two the mainstream is straight okay the mainstream is straight now this characteristic allows you to differentiate the trailers pattern from from the rectangular pattern okay so I need you to hold on to that okay right so let's head on to this rectangular pattern then now the rectangular pattern does not have a straight main river Channel okay it has a river channel that has bands guys look at that so the main river has this 90° bands it has right angle bands as you can see over there those are 90° bands right so the main river channel is not straight as you would see in the Tres pattern okay now the reason why people a lot of people confus these two is because well tributaries join the main river at right angles here too okay so there you have tributaries so that's a tributary joining the main river at right angle there another tributary over there this is another tributary over there this is another tributary over there okay hope you can see that so as you can see these join the main river at right angles the tributaries okay we also see that in the trailes pattern okay because its tributaries join the main river at right angles those are 90° these tributaries are joining the main river at 90° right so that is what is similar between the rectangular pattern and the Tris pattern but what differentiates them is that the rectangular pattern has these has its main river doing 90° bands whereas the Tris pattern has this main river going straight no 90° bends so be able to different shade between these two guys please in that way you'll remember them in that way you are be you'll be able to identify them in any exam paper okay right the rock type the type of rock is ignas rocks with cracks and Joints so you have an particular ignas Rock okay let's say that's an Ignus Rock and then it has false it has maybe a crack there so it has cracks and Joints okay that folds right and now you start forming the main river along those joints when it rains the joints become wider and wider there you go now you have formed a rectangular pattern okay right okay hope you get that now let's head on to the two other drainage patterns that look similar okay hope you did notice the difference between these two because that will help you remember I'm telling you now the next two that are very similar are the radial pattern and centripetal pattern these two are very similar as well okay so that means that if you make a connection between these two realize that they are similar and realize their differences it will help you identify them and differentiate between them okay okay so let's start off with the radial pattern right so the radial pattern this is a drainage pattern in which streams flow away from a central point so they Flow Away right so they flowing away from each other and this is because the central point is at High high altitude so is at a height that is high right so if I would draw a cross-section of a radial pattern you'll find out that it is a dome shaped structure okay it's a dome shaped structure such that when it rains these streams flow away from each other okay away from each other from a top point from a high point in terms of height right right and so hence they flow away from each other because the center is at the highest altitude this is high altitude and water will always move from high altitude to lower altitude okay so you'll only find this type of pattern in Dome shaped structures structures that look like a dome like that right so that's why the rock that's why the rock type is Dome shaped structures okay so that is your radial pattern okay I hope you get it guys I hope you do let's move on to the centripetal pattern and try to find a connection the centripetal pattern this is a pattern in which streams flow towards the central point they are not flowing away from the Central Point like the r Ral pattern okay so that's what makes them similar okay in the cental in the centripetal pattern these streams move towards a central point and the central point is at lowest it's at the lowest altitude right so the structure on which they flow is like the bathroom sink that you use okay so it's a basin right it's a basin it's a low point so these streams flow towards that low Point okay so structures like meteorites for an example develop the centripetal pattern because now water will flow towards the lowest point which is at the center so here the center is the lowest point so this means that these streams are actually flowing from higher altitudes moving towards the lower altitude that is at the center or in the at the at the central point right and hence the rock type is Basin like structures okay like meteorites so on and so on so I hope you can um see the difference between these two okay radial pattern the streams are flowing away from a central point because the central point is that is at highest latitudes and the areas they flowing towards are at lower altitudes then the centripetal pattern centripetal centripetal to the center they are moving towards the center right so towards the center is where there is the lowest altitude and hence streams are moving or flowing from relatively higher altitudes towards the center which is at lower altitude okay once again guys be able to differentiate between these different similar patterns in that way he'll be able to remember them easily okay right so let's move on now let's head on to number six number six is the deranged pattern okay so for those of you who do not know what deranged means well deranged means crazy or mad so on and so on and this helps us identify this pattern because a deranged pattern is an irregular pattern it's an unclear pattern does not make it does not make sense okay so it's derranged it does not have a particular pattern that is clear it has an unclear pattern we don't know what the pattern is the tributaries do not match up do not join with the main river channels so we don't really see what is happening here okay it doesn't not make any sense okay and hence it it is deranged okay I'm hoping that you use the definition of deranged um to remember this type of pattern okay so tributaries do not join the mainstreams and this is usually found in areas that are subjected to glaciation so glaciation is periods where the Earth is covered with ice okay so when they are talking about glaciation period they're usually referring to those times when Whole Earth was covered with ice okay so this type of pattern is usually found in areas that were once uh covered with ice and melted and hence developed this unclear pattern that we call the deranged pattern the pattern that does not make any sense The Irregular pattern the unclear pattern okay I'm pretty sure it's not difficult to remember this one so now let's head on to the last one so the last one is the parallel pattern so parallel pattern you have the main river and its tributaries flowing in the same direction so if you can observe you'll find out that this is a tributary this is the main river okay and it looks like they are moving in the same direction okay they are parallel to each other that's what we mean by flowing in the same direction they are parallel to each other right so this will usually um develop in steep slopes okay when a slope is steep all streams are forced to flow in One Direction okay they all are flowing in this direction and hence and hence they end up being parallel to each other okay so this is the parallel pattern okay the rock type is steep slopes right so can you imagine guys if you can make these connections trist pattern and the rectangular pattern together the radial pattern and the centripetal pattern now once you are able to make these connections and able to differentiate between all the different types of patterns then then you'll get all the marks on drainage patterns in the exam I'm telling you okay okay so I hope that was as simple as it can get guys okay that's what we try to do to ensure that we make it simple enough for you so this is what I have for today's episode the next episode we'll be focusing on the drainage density okay I'm thinking we should maybe finish up Drainage Systems in South Africa right so we'll finish all these up together bundle them up in one video for the sake of the students who are rewriting in the month June okay now this has been wonderful guys I thank you for watching thank you for tuning in please share please like please comment Please Subscribe and please tell others and others and others so that we create this one environment this one effective learning environment that will help out millions and millions of students okay now thank you for tuning in and I hope to see you next time