Software Engineering: Definition and Evolution

Definition of Software Engineering

• General Understanding: Software engineering has many definitions, but a widely accepted one is:
  • A systematic, disciplined, cost-effective technique for software development.

Key Components of the Definition

• Systematic: Follows a step-by-step approach.
• Disciplined: Adheres to rules and maintains a regular workflow (not sporadic).
• Cost-effective: Works within budget constraints and does not exceed costs.
• Time-sensitive: Projects must meet deadlines.

Nature of Software Development

• Software engineering is not solely about coding. It involves a comprehensive approach, including:
  1. Idea generation
  2. Requirements gathering
  3. Feasibility study
  4. Planning
  5. Design
  6. Implementation
  7. Testing
  8. Maintenance
  9. Product delivery
• This process is referred to as the Engineering Approach.

Engineering Approach Explained

• Step-by-step methodology: Progression from the first step to the last, systematically achieving goals.
• Real-life Example: Comparison between branded and non-branded products:
  • Branded: Follow thorough processes (e.g., Mahindra Thar) with ongoing maintenance services.
  • Non-branded: Often deliver products without thorough testing, leading to potential failures.

Evolution of Software Engineering

• Origins (1945-1965): Development began post-World War II, but without systematic processes. Early software development was based on the build-and-deliver method.
• NATO Conferences: The term "software engineering" was first introduced during these meetings.

Software Crisis (1965-1985)

• Problems: Only 2% of software produced during this time was effectively used; many were scrapped or failed due to budget overruns and time constraints.
• Example: IBM's OS/360 was deemed a multi-million dollar failure due to lack of proper design and planning.

Post-Crisis Developments

• Internet Era (Post-1990): Introduction of web browsers and popular operating systems (e.g., Microsoft Windows).
• Mobile Era: Development of lightweight software for mobile devices.
• Current Trends (Post-2010): Focus on AI, machine learning, and deep learning; software learning autonomously like humans.

Notable Changes

• Accessibility: Many software products are now free, encouraging more people to learn and develop skills in software engineering.

Conclusion

• Evolution of software engineering reflects changes in technology and methodology, highlighting the importance of systematic approaches in achieving successful software development.