Scientific study of sex began in the 1940s in the West.
Alfred Kinsey's Contributions
Born in 1894 in New Jersey; studied biology and psychology.
Shifted focus from entomology to human sexuality at Indiana University.
Conducted surveys on sexual habits and histories.
Developed the Kinsey Scale for sexual orientation.
Authored seminal texts on sexual behavior in males and females.
Pioneered scientific approaches to studying sex.
Highlighted the difference between public perceptions and actual sexual behaviors.
Masters and Johnson's Research
Conducted laboratory studies on physiological responses to sex.
Identified four stages of sexual response: Excitement, Plateau, Orgasm, Resolution.
Noted the refractory period differences between sexes.
Criticized for focusing solely on physiological factors, neglecting cultural and psychological influences.
Hormones and Sexual Development
Sex hormones direct physical development and activate sexual behavior.
Estrogens and testosterone influence sex characteristics and sexual desire.
Hormonal influence on sexual behavior is more complex in humans than in other mammals.
Hormonal shifts occur throughout life, affecting libido.
Psychological and Cultural Aspects of Sex
Social and cultural influences shape sexual attitudes and behaviors.
External stimuli in media affect perceptions of attractiveness.
Internal stimuli like fantasies also play a role.
Sexual Orientation
Defined as physical or romantic attraction.
Includes heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, and asexual orientations.
Not a choice; not influenced by parental behaviors or childhood experiences.
Biological components and genetics are being studied.
Purpose and Functions of Sex
Beyond pleasure, serves procreation, stress reduction, relationship maintenance, bonding, and expression of love.
Brain plays a crucial role in sexual intimacy.
Conclusion
Review of Kinsey's surveys, gender identity vs biological sex, Masters and Johnson's cycle, role of hormones, psychological factors, sexual orientation, and purposes of sex.
Additional Information
This lecture was part of a series made possible by Subbable subscribers.
Written by Kathleen Yale, edited by Blake DiBastino, with consultant Dr. Ranjit Bhagwat.
Directed and edited by Nicholas Jenkins, sound designed by Michael Aranda, graphics by Thought Cafe.