Lecture Notes on Algorithms and Flowcharts

Introduction

• Algorithm: A sequential group of instructions necessary for solving a problem.
• Flowchart: A graphical representation that illustrates the process of an algorithm.

Review of the Previous Class

• History of C Language: Who created it and why it is significant.
• Definition of Software: Different types of software like application and system software.
• Algorithm Design: How to design and implement an algorithm.

Current Class

Algorithm: Calculation of Sum and Multiplication

• Objective: To calculate the sum and product of two numbers.
• Steps:
  1. Start
  2. Declare variables
  3. Read variables (take input)
  4. Calculate sum and multiplication
  5. Display the result
  6. End

Operators

• Arithmetic Operators: +, -, *, /, %
• Relational Operators: >, <, >=, <=, ==, !=

Decision-Making Statements

• If: For single condition
• If-Else: For two options
• Nested If: For complex decisions

Examples

• Even and Odd Numbers: Check whether a number input by the user is even or odd.
• Highest Number: Identify the largest number among two or three numbers.

Example of Nested If Statement

• Identifying the Largest Number Among Three
  • Process: Compare three times (if one is not larger, compare with another)

Definition of Flowchart

• Definition: Pictorial or graphical representation of an algorithm
• Use: To easily understand and present the complexity of an algorithm.

Plan for the Next Class

• Detailed discussion on flowcharts
• Understanding algorithms and flowcharts through more examples.

Conclusion

• Students’ questions were answered.
• Thanks were extended for the class and an invitation was given for the next session.

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These notes will help you in understanding algorithms and flowcharts. In the next class, there will be a more in-depth discussion on flowcharts.