Transcript for:
Nitrogen Family Lecture Notes

hi everybody hello everybody very very very warm welcome and as I always say this was me your master teacher and today we are here to discuss what we are here to discuss the nitrogen family everybody here so the nitrogen family is once again going to be really big yes we will probably require a little more than two and a half hours to be able to complete the whole thing yes everybody yes so what are we doing today today we are going to cover the nitrogen family it is very important there are many expected questions that we uh many expected questions from this part of the chapter that is nitrogen family right uh the 15th uh block everybody so quickly go ahead and call up your friends everybody and let us start with this session by the way guess what I have also uh can you see that the that the whole slides it has changed a little bit yes it has changed a little bit because now I have the now I have the paid app so it is going to look a lot better so everybody come on come on come on quickly quickly quickly let us uh get here and let us start with our session everybody uh quickly go ahead and call up your friends let us start with the session everyone come on come on guys quickly go ahead and call up your friends so that we can start I will wait for one or two minutes and then I will start okay come on guys are you all here with me yes or no good evening Ram good evening but choose okay so all of these things we were already done right do you remember compounds of silicon silicates we were done with zeolites we were done with yes we were also done with uh Organo silicones basically I told you that it was an or it was it it looked like a polymeric Organo silicon compound yes we were done with all of these and finally we have come to the group 15 elements basically we are going to talk about the nitrogen family I will send you the notes our PDF of this once we are done with the whole chapter big I actually what is happening is the slides are all together but every single day I'm taking two to three hours to complete each and every family isn't it so let me complete the whole chapter and then I will just collate everything together and then I will send it so that everything is right in your fingertips okay all right everybody the cello let us start with the session everybody now group 15 elements yes group 15 elements basically your nitrogen family is what we are going to talk about yes and in this nitrogen family what do you see in this nitrogen family what are the elements do you see you see nitrogen yes you see nitrogen right you see phosphorus you see arsenic UC anti-money bismuth and moscovia now moscovia like I told you in the previous family moscovium is what moscovia means a synthetic artificial it's an artificial radioactive element so we don't talk about it much okay we don't talk about moscopia much however now you all know that you all know that which one is metalloid everybody this as and SB these two are metalloids and you definitely know that whatever is above metalloids right whatever is above the metalloids that will be non-metal so nitrogen and phosphorus these are non-metals whereas bismuth is a metal right Bismarck is a metal correct clear everybody this is something that we already know isn't it great okay now what happens is now what happens is what is the electronic configuration just like in the previous family we have read about the electronic configuration what is the electronic configuration of this nitrogen family the electronic configuration here is obviously ns2 np3 what is it ns2 np3 all right yes now you have to be very careful this np3 my dear students okay this np3 basically means that the P orbitals are half filled what are these These are half felt okay and there is a 13 bit of stability that is assigned to this half belt orbitals all right and you will see later on when we read about the oxidation state we will see that this ns2 np3 so you can clearly imagine that oops so you can clearly understand that P3 right so plus three oxidation state can be showed and 3 plus 2 that means that plus 5 oxidation state will also be shown and in certain cases you will see that minus three operation oxidation state is also shown only sometimes only sometimes you will see that minus 3 oxidation state is also showed all right everybody yes is this much Clear is this much clearer guys is this much clearer any doubt still here I hope not any doubts still here I hope not all right now moving on from here what we will see is what we will see is this see I just told you right extra stable electronic configuration due to the half filled p orbital that's exactly what I just explained to you right now you will see that nitrogen how does nitrogen occur obviously it occurs it is quite abundant in your atmosphere right the two gases which are most abundant in our atmosphere is one is nitrogen the second one is oxygen correct yes apart from that apart from that you will see that nitrogen also occurs as k n o three all right and it also occurs as n a n o three right sodium nitrate potassium nitrate yes kno3 is called as indian salt Pitta all right and this is known as child salt Pitter all right child salt bitter that is c-h-i-l-e it's a country actually not child it's actually chili Okay so all right yes everybody is this much clearer guys is this much clearer cool now if we have to talk about the electronic configuration just like how we have done it in the previous family we will have to write it down here again so what is it n p a s right n p a s then what do you write what do you write I think um what can be the this thing mnemonic here guys any idea what can be the mnemonic what do you think can be the mnemonic here any idea what can be the mnemonic yeah I mean uh in Hindi it is beautiful and uh there is and then there is all of these are there but in English in English what can we are mnemonic any idea any idea none how do we write it in English I think in English it can be uh what can we write it as um not nope Aishwarya and salmon boy uh salmon boy not in Big Boss yeah maybe you only know Tamil in Telugu no no problem but you know English right don't you know English I'm sure you know English okay so I think if we can we can also write it as uh nope nope nope Aishwarya Aishwarya salmon boy salmon boy not in Big Boss nope Aishwarya salmon boy not in big boss that will give us n p a s s b not n is nothing not n is nothing and then we write it as bismuth I think that will give us yeah that will give us a nice mnemonic right that's how you can remember it so just like all the other times what is it going to be the electronic configuration is somewhat going to be everybody if you check it out what will it be it will be for n what did I say the general electronic configuration is ns2 np3 so that means that initially to start with it will be 2s to 2 p 3 isn't it yes the next one is going to be obviously 3s2 and 3p3 am I right yes now here in the case of arsenic what do we know we know that the D orbitals are coming into the picture the D orbitals are now introduced and whenever there is a d orbital that is introduced obvious reasons what will happen is we will have a n minus 1 D orbital isn't it what will we have we will have n minus 1D orbital so that means that it is going to be 3D 10 4S to 4p 3 isn't it make sense everybody great now once that has happened then what we will have we will have 4D 10 and 5s 2 and 5 p 3 am I right and then when we come to bismuth it is going to be now four F orbitals are also introduced what is happening here F orbitals are also introduced so here what will happen is 4 F 14 5D 10 6s2 and 6p3 and finally not to forget your moscovium that is empty very funny but yeah okay MC yes that it has a electronic configuration of 5 F 14 yes 6 D 10 and 7s 2 and 7p3 so this is the electronic configuration of all the elements that are present in the nitrogen family all right yes and not to forget everybody once again let me tell you that MC is basically your synthetic radioactive okay synthetic radioactive it is a man-made red radioactive element it does it is it does not uh I mean it used to not exist but we have figured it out okay we have made this on our own all right everybody got it now I hope that you also remember before this before you write 2s2 2p3 3 is to three p three four S two four P three what do you have to do you also have to note down the noble gases isn't it the noble gases do you all remember what was the noble gas the noble gas was everybody Hina Nina arrived Karina Xerox Ranbir right so you will have to write that here okay you will have to write that here Hina Nina then you write here arrived yes then you write here Karina yes xeroxed all right yes this is what you write cool everybody yes all right moving on from here now shall we take a look at the properties that is basically let's talk about the atomic and the ionic radii can we yes the atomic and the ionic radii we will have to talk about so we know that we know that what happens to the atomic and the ionic radiant it increases down the group because as you go down the group what happens the number of shells increases the number of electrons increases so obviously so obviously what happens is the atomic and the ionic radii it does increase as you go down the group but here is a catch everybody here is a catch that you probably have to know what is the catch the catch is that everybody please have a look here please have a look here you will see that the atomic and the ionic radii right let me write it down here okay atomic radii the atomic radii it it does increase you know how from nitrogen to phosphorus it increases a lot okay it increases a lot all right there is a huge increase okay there is a huge increase but then when we come to Aishwarya then we come to salubai and then we come to Bismarck we see that it almost remains same there is a very small increase in the radius okay why because do you remember the poor shielding effect of the F orbitals and the D orbitals yes so due to the poor shielding effect of the F orbitals and the day orbitals you will see that there is a very small increase in the atomic radii when you travel from arsenic to Bismarck make sense everybody yes make sense of nonsense guys make sense or nonsense is this clear all right now moving on when we look at ionization enthalpy so everybody do you all remember that ionization enthalpy right if I have to write here ionization enthalpy I think you all will clearly agree with me and you I and you should because I am telling you the right thing right so what will happen is we see that ionization energy is actually inversely proportional to the size so as you see that the size is increasing increasing increasing as you go down the group you will see that the ionization energy it decreases so that means what is going to be the ionization energy it will be very small size so obviously nitrogen will have greater ionization energy because you will have to provide it more energy to take away its one electron if you want to take away its electron you will have to provide it a lot more energy otherwise it will not allow you to so nitrogen will have great ionization energy then we come to phosphorus phosphorus will be second then we come to Arsenic and then we come to salubai that is antimony and then we come to bismuth everybody right make sense or nonsense yes then if we have to talk about the electronegativity I believe that that is the next next property yes electronegativity electronegativity is also very similarly what happens is this is also inversely proportional to the size so that means whatever is the whatever is the yes whatever is the uh is is the trend for ionization enthalpy it is going to be almost the same however for anti-money and bismuth you will see that it does not change much why do you remember poor shielding effect of f orbital these are the things that I have actually taught you in the previous families as well I have taught you the carbon family I have taught you the boron family and in those cases also we have seen that isn't it we haven't haven't we haven't we we have yeah but in any case let me just quickly write that down here the property will be the property will be slightly like this okay the trend will be like this and then P then a s and then SB will be almost equal to bismuth okay s b will be almost equal to bismuth why poor shielding effect of f orbital okay poor shielding effect of poor shielding of f orbital make sense everybody this is clear right we have studied about this yes I am from Bangalore I mean not originally I I stay in Bangalore because vedantu's offices in Bangalore but otherwise I'm a Bengali okay otherwise I'm a Bengali now we will do the questions we will do the questions in some time however tell me something that uh tell me something are you all okay are you all understanding what I'm teaching you or not at all or not at all everybody did you guys understand it or not did you guys understand it or not yes or no guys yes or no everybody is this understood is this understood great okay now what are we going to do is now what are we going to do is let's also understand some more properties that is basically we have to talk about just a minute foreign just a minute let me rub this let me drop this because there are some more properties like density we have to also talk about density isn't it yes so how does density what is the trend of density I'm pretty sure that once again you remember it that density as as density is directly proportional to mass and we know that if mass increases density will also increase and going down the group we have seen that there is always an increase in the mass isn't it there is always an increase in the mass so that means that as we go down the group what we will see we will see that never put Aishwarya sallu boy in big boss in big boss that can also be the one that can also be the one don't you think yes I found another another mnemonic everybody what can be the mnemonic let's write it down here never put Aishwarya never put Aishwarya in Big Boss right yes this can also be your this can also be on demonic all right yes so never put Aishwarya and Salu boy in big boss and this is what this is how the density also increases cool everybody this is how the density also increases okay all right moving forward moving forward everybody we do have some questions but before the questions do you think that we should go to the physical properties right we should go to the physical properties let's take a look at the physical properties everybody but just a second I need some paper okay where did it go okay let's learn a little bit about the physical properties cool so we're going to talk about the physical properties now in case of physical properties what are the what are the terms that we have studied especially in the previous families do you remember do you remember everybody I'm pretty sure you remember right what are the things that we spoke about we spoke about boiling point we spoke about melting point right we spoke about other things like like metallic character we spoke about if they have allotropes or not right if they have isotopes or not all of these basically isn't it yeah so let's talk about the physical properties now first of all something that is very very very important everybody please note it down please please please note it down everybody the melting point and the boiling point is something that we have to understand okay please put down some Stars here okay please put down some Stars here so first let's talk about the boiling point okay let's talk about the boiling point what will happen to the boiling point here what will happen to the boiling point nothing much it just increases top to bottom okay boiling point increases top to bottom so it is npas that is never put Aishwarya boy in big boss right what happens it increases top to bottom increases top to bottom in a group all right yes now we come to now we come to Boiling the boiling point is done now we come to Melting Point everybody what will happen to the melting point you see what will happen to Melting Point everybody all right what will happen to melting point you will see that the melting point it increases up to Arsenic and then it decreases the melting point it increases up to Arsenic and then it decreases which is very weird right which is very weird all right so let's write it down it will be n then P then a s and then what happens is SB and then it happens to be this month okay what did I say I said that melting point increases still Arsenic and then it decreases okay MP increases increases up to arsenic all right then decreases all right this is your melting point apart from that what will happen to the metallic character as we know that bismuth is a metal bismuth is a metal Arsenic and anti-money are metalloids and the top ones that is nitrogen and phosphor what are those nitrogen and phosphorus are non-metal so that means that metallic character what happens to metallic character guys metallic character it increases down the group isn't it metallic character metallic character increases increases down the group all right everybody yes and one thing that is very important and that is some a little weird about this group is that all of these elements okay all the members are polyatomic solid all of these elements all the elements are polyatomic solids but not nitrogen because obviously nitrogen's covalency is only going to be four it's small size now yes nitrogen will show anomalous property obviously because what is it nitrogen is the first element in the group it has a very small size isn't it so yes all the elements are polyatomic all the elements are polyatomic solid but nitrogen solid but but what will happen but nitrogen is a diatomic gas okay but nitrogen is a nitrogen is a diatomic gas all right everybody this is clear great all right now moving on from here what are the other things that we have done what are the other things welcome to the session now all the elements of this group are polyatomic I just told you dinitrogen is a diatomic gas while all others are solid yes I've just told you this the boiling point increases from top to bottom I've told you this melting point increases up to Arsenic and then decreases up to bismuth I've told you this right due to the increase in ionization energy and increase in atomic size metallic character increases down the group I've just told you that except nitrogen all the elements show allotropy this is also something that you should know nitrogen does not have any allotropes but phosphorus has allotropes rest all the elements basically in this group they have their own allotropes all right now can we come to some of the questions okay let's come to this questions this might be asked to you if at all it is coming in your board exam it might be asked to you otherwise you know it's just good to know who knows that there might be an assertion on assertion or reasoning question from these questions right so let's just talk about it okay another question is everybody the question is as you all can see nitrogen exists as a diatomic molecule that is N2 while phosphorus exists as a tetraatomic molecule that is P4 explain well we know that phosphorus cannot form a p Pi P Pi multiple bonding because of diffuse in nature phosphorus is a large molecule isn't it not large molecule phosphorus is going to be a large atom but nitrogen is in the top of the group so nitrogen is definitely small isn't it we all know that we all know that the nitrogen is very small in size and it is at the top of the group right but phosphorus is going to be bigger in size right right everybody so what happens is what happens is because it is bigger in size the 3p orbital the 3p orbital what happens is it's diffuse right the 3p orbital is diffused it is spread out a little bit more and that is why there is not a very effective overlapping okay there is not a very effective overlapping whereas nitrogen because it is smaller in size the overlapping is done very well right the overlapping happens very nicely which is why which is why what happens is we can see that it can form P Pi P by multiple Bond but phosphorus cannot form P Pi Pi multiple bonds so let me write that down here okay let me just write that down here for you all just so that you can all understand what I'm trying to say here right what did I say I said that it is because it is because of small size of it is because of small size of nitrogen okay nitrogen it can form it can form P Pi T Pi multiple Bond because multiple Bond because 2p orbital is small in size just a second is small in size and can overlap and can overlap sideways right but but what happens to phosphorus what happens to phosphorus phosphorus has a huge size right phosphorus is bigger in size correct phosphorus cannot form cannot form P pi multiple bonding thank you Vasan thank you so much okay P by P by multiple bonding because of what did I say because of diffused creepy orbitals okay because of diffused nature of nature of large creepy orbital which does not lead to which does not lead to effective overlapping okay all right everybody understood this understood what I'm saying yes thank you so much Vinita thank you so much you must share it with your friends also then okay all right if this understood everybody what I said see you have to understand see 2p is going to be like this but 3p is going to be like this so if my friend is very far away actually tell me something okay if your friend after your school once you are done right now you and your friend you're very close close because every day you get to meet her every day you get to meet him you guys are sitting in the same tuition you guys are you are going to sing coaching Center you guys are sitting in the same class you guys are doing the same you know both of you want to be engineer or both of you want to be doctor right so the overlapping is very much and that is why you are very close friends but once you go to the college how many of you are actually going to call that friend of yours long distance friendship are you going to manage it well see because the distance is increased the overlapping is not so much and what is happening your friendship is breaking down isn't it so you are not able to form multiple multiple bonding right you are not able to form multiple people P5 bonding same thing is happening with nitrogen and for us also is this understood okay now next question everybody is why is nitrogen a gas at room temperature whereas phosphorus is solid well because the atomicity increases right nitrogen is N2 where phosphorus is what Tetra Atomic correct nitrogen is N2 phosphorus is tetraatomic nitrogen is diatomic phosphorus is tetratomic nitrogen is N2 phosphorus is P4 now what happens is it increases the strength of the Van Der Waal Force because of the increase in the atomicity the strength of the Van Der Waal force is increasing and that is why phosphorus is a solid whereas nitrogen is nitrogen is a gas right so let's write that down also let's write that down it will be easier for you and you will get the notes correct yes it is because it is because guys why don't you write down the notes with me if you write down the notes with me I promise it will be easier for you okay it is because the atomic City the atomic City increases increases from diatomic okay from diatomic nitrogen egg N2 P4 Tetra Atomic okay P4 Tetra Atomic right yes which increases the strength which increases the strength of vendor why Force agreed with me agreed with me is this clear to you all yes is this clear to you all everybody great all righty then now here is a question for you can you all answer this please check it out please check it out nitrogen forms N2 but phosphorus is converted into P4 from P what is the reason I just spoke to you I just spoke to you everybody what is the reason nitrogen forms N2 but phosphorus is converted into P4 from P what is it the answer is that the P Pi P Pi bonding is weak right the P Pi P Pi bonding is weak here it is not able to form multiple P by P Pi Bond and that is why we see that it is converting into P4 makes sense everybody yes make sense or nonsense right so we are basically done with the physical properties we are basically done with these things as well now shall we come to the chemical properties everybody okay let's take a look at the chemical properties everyone okay all right where are we we are here okay all right done and now what I'm going to do is I'm going to move this a little on the top just a second guys I'm a little technologically handicapped I feel is it done I hope so yes all right cool so we come to chemical properties and once again just like yesterday okay just like yesterday or not yesterday just like just like the previous class what are we going to do is I'm going to write down the write down the things and explain it to you and then you can take a look at the gist or the tables that are formed okay all right yes uh Manya what are you saying not at all mom not at all mom what are you saying the fact that I'm handicapped no I am I am actually you know not technologically but ipadwise definitely a handicapped okay so see in the chemical properties what are the things that we have to say we have to check out the first of all oxidation state yes what are we going to talk about we're going to talk about the oxidation state correct yes so we are starting with chemical properties but choose check it out chemical property is very important and in here you will see a lot of different different okay you will see a lot of different different oxidation state and you will be astonished to understand that what why why is this showing this why is it showing that it will be crazy it will be crazy though first of all what are we talking about we're going to talk about the oxidation state isn't it yes now obviously we know what is the electronic configuration everybody the electronic configuration as we know is ns2 and np3 so that means that that means that everybody what is going to be the common oxidation state here the common oxidation state of the whole group The Common oxidation state of the whole group is going to be obviously three right yes ns2 np3 right nh2 and P3 that means that's a tell me something okay foreign I have I have you don't know I have anyway coming back to it I said tell me something n is to np3 right np3 don't you think that it can also accept three electrons don't you think that rather than losing rather than losing five electrons don't you think that it is also going to take three electrons and it can go to its stable state right it can go to its stable State just by taking three more electrons yes absolutely absolutely everybody so it can show minus three oxidation as well okay it can show minus three oxidation state why because of small size yes it can show it can show due to electronegativity due to small size what will it do especially nitrogen especially nitrogen nitrogen can show minus 3y because of electronegativity due to small size first of all the size is small if the size is small what is happening is if the size is small the nucleus is very close so it will be able to fill the electrons the bonded electrons and if it pulls the bonded electrons what do we call it we call it we call it electronegativity so due to small size and electronegativity yes nitrogen electronegativity electronegativity nitrogen can show minus three okay nitrogen can show minus three oxidation state right yes everybody all right we will start with Organic Chemistry very soon I think after this P block we will be doing s block and then and we will start with Organic Chemistry after that although we are left with chemical kinetics and thermodynamics but I think those are a little less of a little less of weightage and I believe that we can actually you know and I believe that we can actually uh finish it very very fast because chemical kinetics and thermodynamics we can finish it in maybe three to four hours one one day we will be able to finish it so after that we can start organic chemistry Maybe by um October uh third week we should be able to start okay yes we should be able to start with Organic Chemistry by October uh second week or third week okay all right this is the first week isn't it yeah we will do that okay moving on now see minus three right minus three due to small size and electronegativity nitrogen can show minus three oxidation state but but what is the common oxidation state obviously plus three yes obviously plus three but also it can show plus five oxidation state right because np3 and np2 if 3 and 2 both of them are gone then what will happen it will be able to also show you plus five oxidation state but as you all know just like the previous groups or just like the previous families we know that what will happen as we go down the group the tendency to show minus 3 decreases yes as we go down the group the tendency to show plus 5 also decreases do you remember yes inert pair effect correct due to inert pair effects so let's write that down let's write that down yeah what did I say I said that I said that due to inert pair effect correct yes all right uh yeah I'm not very sure because see I only started teaching in this channel last year and sometime around this time only I started teaching last year September or October so I do not know if it has been done you can check it out but if not don't worry give me just another one week I will be able to start organic chemistry and I promise once I start organic chemistry there will not be any stoppage till December by December we will be done with organic chemistry and then just revise in fact why December by November we will be done with Organic Chemistry because we have to start with General organic chemistry General organic chemistry will take some time General organic chemistry will definitely take at least one week or one and a half weeks and then we will do hydrocarbons a little bit hydrocarbons we can finish it very easily right and then we will just keep going and going after that what class 12th chemistry only we have to do now class 12th organic chemistry because 11th has only two organic chapters General organic chemistry and hydrogen but once we start by November definitely your Chemistry chapters will be over your Chemistry syllabus will be over pakka promise done you can write it and you can take it okay I know I have prom promised a lot of it but it will be done don't worry about it okay shallow guys come on come on come come back come back focus up here Focus up zavio you haven't started anything no worries you start today you start today you are here now subscribe to the channel click on the Bell icon and you keep coming for the sessions every single day okay all righty shalom please pay attention please pay attention everybody because this group is important this group has a lot of uh questions from you know phosphorus Oxo as it's a phosphorus also assets of nitrogen nitric acid so please pay attention Okay Amar I will give you the PDM but in the telegram Channel okay so please go to the telegram Channel and I will give it to you but once I finish the P block P block will take another session today we will be completing nitrogen family tomorrow we will be completing oxygen halogen and noble gases that will be done then P block is over Day After Tomorrow s block yes Day After Tomorrow s block and I think by that time we are already on Friday once s block is done then Saturday and Sunday I will not be taking live sessions as you know or or Saturday morning maybe I will take hydrogen once hydrogen is done once hydrogen is done inorganic chemistry is over inorganic chemistry is only over right yes and sometime around November last week what I will do is I will take one marathon and I will finish all the easy chapters surface chemistry biomolecules polymers Metallurgy all of these we will do it in one day because very easy chapters one one question will only come and very easily you can get four full marks okay so for that we will not pay too much attention cool all right so I'm telling you the whole plan but please don't forget to subscribe it's important to subscribe if you don't subscribe if you miss out on these things even if you haven't started anything no worries at least start now start now you will be able to do it okay now moving on everybody what did I say I said that due to inert pair effect okay due to inert pair effect what happens stability okay inert pair effects stability of plus three oxidation state increases all right plus three oxidation state increases and the stability of and the stability of okay and the stability of a plus five oxidation state decreases stability of plus 5 oxidation oxidation state decreases am I right am I right everybody yes also as you go down the group this minus three oxidation state that I told you yes as you go down the group as we go down the group what happens as we go down the group the tendency to show minus 3 decreases as we go down the group minus 3 OS decreases why because the size have increased right if the size has increased now the nucleus is very far away from the last electron so the nucleus will not be able to pull those minor pull those three electrons and that is why the minus three oxidation state decreases the minus three oscillation state it showed by nitrogen because of what because of electronegativity and its small size all right everybody yes now here they might ask you one question everybody please have a look okay please have a look you all know that you all know that one important point is b i bismuth bismuth will show plus three oxidation state right it will not show plus five oxidation state why because inert pair effect as you go down the group correct all right everybody now what happens is bismuth can also show only b i F5 isn't known everybody yes you will only see that it forms a pentahaloid right F5 it forms F5 compound only with fluorine and not with any other compound and not with is known but not b i c l five or b i br5 or any other b r b R5 or any other okay please do remember this cool all right only b i F5 is known but not bi cl5 or vibr5 or any of the other ones cool all right everybody yes is this clear guys is this clear is this clear great cool cool cool all right is there anything else that we are missing plus three and plus five are generally the covalency and the tendency to show plus 3 is um um okay this is also done this is also done yeah now now now now let me tell you something that there are different oxidation state of nitrogen and phosphorus all right just nitrogen and phosphorus everybody nitrogen and phosphorus okay nitrogen and phosphorus phosphorus different oxidation state why does nitrogen and phosphorus show different oxidation state not why let's understand first that what are the different oxidation state you will see that or I have told you that nitrogen can show -3 right and you already know that nitrogen can show plus three nitrogen can also show plus 5 right but apart from that do you know that nitrogen can show plus one nitrogen can show can show plus two nitrogen can obviously show plus three it can also show plus four and it can show plus 5. so nitrogen gas basically can show minus 3 plus 1 plus 2 plus 3 plus 4 and plus 5 okay all right when when we will talk about nitrogen oxides isn't it so this plus one okay let me write this down here plus one plus two plus 4 okay these are shown when it forms oxides okay when it forms oxides or basically in the case of oxides okay please note this down in a box okay please note this down in a box cool now when we come to phosphorus phosphorus also you know that phosphorus can show minus three can show minus three it can also show plus one it can also show plus 2 it does not show one thing that you have to remember is that phosphorus cannot show plus two oxidation state but it can show plus one plus three plus four and plus five okay plus one plus three plus four and plus five okay well once again you will see once again you will see that the plus one oxidation state and plus four oxidation state in Oxo acids okay in Oxo acids it will show you this oxidation state all right everybody yes okay everyone school okay this is understood now here is a reaction do you see here is a reaction everybody please check it out here is a reaction do you see three h and O2 to hno3 plus H2O plus 2nd do you remember that in the redox reaction we have read about disproportionation reaction yes do you remember there was a chapter called as redox reaction and in the redox reaction chapter we have read that there is something called as disproportionation reaction and what was disproportionation reaction where one element where one element can literally show you three different oxidation state isn't it one element can show you three different oxidation state everybody so here what happens see hno2 right right here it is in right here nitrogen is in plus three operation State all right everybody and as you go that side hno3 you will see that it is in plus five oxidation state right and then when you see that here is no no isn't actually plus two oxidation state so what is happening plus three e two plus five what is happening here oxidized oxidation is happening right and then n plus 3 2 plus 2 what is happening reduction is happening so what do we call it we will definitely call it we will definitely call it a disproportionation reaction make sense or nonsense everybody make sense or nonsense guys yeah are we done so nitrogen in plus one two plus five oxidation state it disproportionates okay plus one two plus five oxidation state if you see you will see that it is disproportionate it is disproportionating okay all right everybody I have a god I've got a little bit of lisping problem every time I try to say disproportionation it comes as disproportion FM but anyway no worries what to do Mom has certain bit of disability yeah anyway guys so nitrogen is restricted obviously but because of its small size because nitrogen has a very small size we can understand that it has a covalency of four only okay it has a covalency of four only there is one s and three p orbitals that are available for bonding correct everybody is this clear guys is this clear right now phosphorus the same very similarly very similarly just like this you will also see that phosphorus also goes for disproportionation reaction do you know how see I will give you an example h3po3 you must have seen right once again from the redox reaction the chapter redox the reaction we have seen that h3po3 from here if it goes to h3po4 plus ph3 we will again read this reaction okay here what is happening is here it is -3 here it is plus 5 okay and here it is in plus three oxidation state so what is happening from here to here this is your oxidation no Pro no doubt about it from here to here this is your reduction once again this also here we see that it is disproportionation reaction make sense or nonsense everybody this is all clear now coming back to the covalency everyone again we can understand just like the previous families that we have read that nitrogen is the only one that will show you maximum covalency of four but the rest of the the remaining members of the group like phosphorus arsenics antimony and bismuth right they have D orbitals right d orbital has already been introduced and if D orbital has been introduced what can they do they can expand their oxidation state they can expand their covalency and it can form more than four bonds which is why we see an example of pf6 pf6 minus you must have seen yeah this example we can see cool hey everybody all right so nitrogen is capable of forming multiple bonds with itself okay this is very very important okay nitrogen only forms P by P by multiple bonds which is something that we have already spoken about haven't we remember that nitrogen is diatomic whereas phosphorus is tetratomic why because nitrogen has a small size so the P Pi P Pi overlapping is very effective and that is why it forms P by P by multiple bonds with itself and not only with itself not only with itself don't you know about don't you know about n triple bond and don't you know about n triple bond C right don't you know about this you do right you do isn't it yes so nitrogen can form multiple bonds multiple P Pi Pi bonds not only with itself but it can also form multiple P Pi P5 bonds with atoms of similar size okay with atoms of similar size cool now you already know that it can show an oxidized oxidation state of minus three that's a little weird that's a little weird why because this is the only one because of its small size and high electronegativity it can show minus three oxidation state not to the other ones okay now here is the note everybody do you see what is written here it is written that the single nitrogen nitrogen Bond okay the single nitrogen nitrogen bond is weaker than the single PP bound point but the smaller size right the atoms are supposed to be closer to each other isn't it the atoms are supposed to be closer to each other why do you think that it is weak that is because everybody that is because everybody do you understand that this nitrogen has a lone pair right here this nitrogen also has a lone pair and because of its small size while they are trying to come together what is happening is the lone pairs are pushing them apart the lone pairs are repelling them apart because of its small size the lone pair is saying that hey hey hey I cannot come close the door known pair is repelling each other when it repels each other the bond length increases and as the bond length increases we all know that if there is an increase in the bond length the bond becomes weaker right don't we know this so yes that is what is happening but because phosphorus is a little bigger in size so what is happening the lone pair right here they are very stable the lone pair because of its bigger size are they are not repelling each other they are not repelling each other hence what is happening the phosphorus phosphorus single bond is strong make sense of nonsense everybody is this understood guys is this understood everybody now related to this okay related to this you might be asked in the exam that nitrogen does not show catenation why because we all know that catenation yes this phenomenon catenation is actually very very very proportional to strength of a single Bond what is it proportional to strength of single Bond okay strength of single bond which is why which is why you will see that nitrogen does not show catenation does not show catenation am I clear on everybody yes is this understood guys is this understood well done well done well done now all the people let's talk about let's talk about reactivity towards hydrogen so when we are talking about reaction with hydrogen basically we know that they are going to form what hydrides they are going to form hydrides and what is the common oxidation state of the whole group The Common oxidation state is obviously plus three right if it is plus 3 that means that you can clearly see that if the element is e then plus hydrogen it will give you eh 3 and that is exactly what is happening do you see NH3 ammonia yes ph3 for spin ash3 that is Arsen sbh3 is stibbean bih3 is bismuthine all right yes that is what is forming now what we have to do is now what we have to do is we have to understand that all the group 15 elements they do form hydrides of mh3 or eh3 right yes now if I have to draw it you know that you all know that it will have a lone pair right what will it do see one two three four and five there are five electrons in the outermost shell isn't it there are five electrons in the outermost shell so it rebond it has formed then there will be two there will be one lone pair left yes and because of that lone pair what is the shape that you will see the shape that you will see will be like a pyramid all you have to do is everybody all you have to do is what you have to do just cover it just cover the lone pair and if you look at it you will see that it is a trigonal pyramidal what is the shape it will be trigonal midday yes all right everybody and because you can see because you can see that it is forming three bonds what is going to be the hybridization the hybridization will be sp3 hybridization make sense so nonsense is this clear everyone is this clear everybody yes now let us talk about let us talk about the the the the the the the properties of this hydrides that are forming okay let us talk about the properties of the hydrides okay what are we going to talk about properties of hydrides actually you know what let me just copy this once because I might need it all right here we go here we go everybody what are we talking about yes what are we talking about we're going to start talk about properties of hydrides foreign let's talk about the first thing that is your thermal stability everybody can you tell me something when will this thermal stability when will it be more when will it be more you want to understand that as you go down the group what is happening the size is increasing if the size is increasing then what will happen it will be easier for you to give it a little bit heat and break it down correct so that means that as you go down the group as you go down the group what is happening the thermal stability is decreasing isn't it so first of all let's talk about thermal stability okay thermal stability what will happen to the thermal stability you all know and you you all can see it see increase in size of the element which results in weaker bonds that's what I told you yes so it will be great okay so we have understood thermal stability right now if we have to talk about reducing nature okay let's talk about reducing nature reducing nature what happens to the reducing nature everybody who is going to reduce very well who is going to reduce very well obviously bih3 will reduce very well why because as you can see see see thermal stability decreases isn't thermal stability decreases so obviously the reducing characteristics will increase isn't it yes so all you have to do is just write it down nh3ph3 that is what never put Aishwarya isn't it so what will happen reducing characteristics will increase as you go down the group okay it will increase as you go down the group all right now let's talk about basicity everybody okay now let's talk about basicity what will happen to the basicity as we all know that as you go down the Grove what happens what happens as you go down the group the size increases and right the size increases isn't it so what will happen to basicity if we are talking about basicity once again let's write it down everybody see NH3 this will have a lone pair right all of them will have a lone pair all of them in fact will have a lone pair but you can see that NH3 then comes ph3 then comes as H3 all right then comes as bh3 and then finally you will have bih3 and all of them will have a lone pair here all of them will have a lone pair here okay all right this is your basis City this is your basic city is there anything else left boiling point we have already spoken about it so yeah these are the basic properties of the hydride okay these are the basic properties of the hydride oh no no no no no okay very important once again everybody very important once again let's talk about the melting point first okay let's talk about the melting point here what will happen to the melting point everybody what will happen to the melting point you will see that you will see that yes NH3 because of its size it will have the highest boiling point but then what happens is actually not because of its size actually because of hydrogen bonding okay because of hydrogen bonding you will see that NH3 has the highest melting point however then what happens is it is bih3 then what happens is it is sbh3 then what happens is you will have ash3 and finally the least one has ph3 okay phosphine has the least melting point cool everybody now we come to Boiling Point everyone okay let's talk about boiling point what will happen to Boiling Point very well again very very important guys this I am marking with red so that you read it okay so that you read it everybody later on don't come and tell me that ma'am there was a question from melting point and boiling point which we did not answer why but I'm teaching you but I'm teaching you so you must answer this okay must answer this boiling point and melting point is very very very important star Mark put a star Mark here as well okay now once again we will see that here it will be bh3 definitely then it will be sbh3 definitely but then come NH3 okay then comes NH3 and then it is the as usual as H3 and finally ph3 pH 3 has the least melting point ph3 has the least boiling point as all right yes PS3 has the least melting point PS3 as the least boiling point as well now one more thing that you might want to talk about is everybody that you might might want to talk about is Bond angle what will happen to the bond angle everyone yes the bond angle between the Bond angle basically if we want to talk about the bond angle do you understand that nitrogen has a lone pair but it has a small size right but it has a small size so what will happen that lone pair will make sure that everything else is repelled that lone pair will make sure that everything else is repelled and smaller size right so NH3 will have actually the biggest Bond angle so NH3 then comes your pH three one second NH3 then comes your ph3 then comes your neverport Aishwarya then Salu boy and then finally b-i-h Curry hi nabila welcome to the class which are welcome to the class okay is this all done guys do you all understand these properties do you all understand these properties everybody yes next what do we have to talk about next we are going to talk about reaction with oxygen okay let's talk about reaction with oxygen everybody all right let's talk about reaction with oxygen first and then we will talk about reaction with halogen now let's talk about reaction with halogen because in the notes also it's written as reaction with halogen first hmm [Music] shallow reaction with halogen once you have understood the oxidation state and you know that it shows plus 3 and plus five oxidation say do you also agree that the halides yes the halides that will be formed will also be tri-halite and Fanta highlight yes the highlights that you will be seeing will also be trihilized and pentaholic isn't it yes so what is it going to form it is going to form M X3 or m x 5. trihilite or Penta halide correct everybody yes now tell me something tell me something do you know that which one is going to be more covalent and which one is going to be more ionic tell me is it going to be MX5 which will be more covalent or is it going to be MX3 which is going to be more covalent we all know we all know what is Rule fiance rule said that small cation large anion isn't it what do we know we know that small cation large anion isn't it yes small cation large anion correct that will give you covalent character that will give you covalent character isn't it so that means that that means that if I have MX5 if I have MX5 okay and especially if I'm talking about bif3 okay if I am talking about b i F3 I will see that bif3 is ionic okay bif3 is ionic why why what did I say I just now told you that Finance rule yes Finance rules suggest that Firearms rules plunges that small cation large anion isn't it that is what ions rule for this but in this case everybody do you all notice do you all notice that bif3 bif3 is basically what but choose bif3 is a large cation bismuth is a large cation but you know f f is a small anion isn't it this is exactly the opposite of ions rule isn't it this is exactly the opposite of Iron's root and that means that this is going to be ionic so make sense of nonsense everybody make sense or nonsense guys yes all right everyone all righty everybody okay now now the covalent character in EX3 will definitely be more the covalent character in MX3 will definitely be more once again why fire said that isn't it small cation large anion small cation so e X3 or E X5 in case of e X5 what will happen in case of e X5 what will happen if I say that it is MX5 or ex5 MX5 that means it is going to be plus five oxidation state so plus five oxidation state means it is losing out it is losing out five electrons and then only it is about to then only it can form MX5 isn't it yes so if it is losing five electrons that means the sizes become that means the size has become showed two so what can I say about the covalent character I will see that covalent character of covalent character of m x 5 will be greater than m x 3 why why once again Finance rule s p l a finance rule that is x p l a makes sense everybody once again is this clear guys is this clear everybody yes hi love need how are you welcome to the session but choose welcome to the session okay yes guys is this clear or not so one whole R is over a little more than one whole R is over yes and we are pretty much done with the we are pretty much done with the guys are you all able to see my laptop just a minute okay just a minute I'm going to bring the table up because once again facing a lot of back pain issues yeah I think you can see my laptop but no worries I'll put the laptop like this so that you can see the screen clearly yeah I don't think now you can see my laptop can you can you all right cello then moving on yes this is clear everybody now nitrogen has maximum covalency of four and we already know it so do you think that nitrogen can form MX5 type okay do you think that nitrogen can form a pentahalite obviously not yes yes I have no idea love Nate I'm so sorry I don't teach you in school I have no idea what they will ask you okay so nitrogen and nitrogen cannot form MX5 because maximum covalency is four am I right everybody is this clear right and we also know that and we also know that if we try to make if we try to make n x three it is unstable okay n is three n x three that means that you will never see ncl3 nbr3 and I3 why because it is generally unstable okay only NF Curry is known you will only see that nf3 exists but nothing else exists because nitrogen is very small in size right whereas clbri they are huge isn't it CL BR and I that is chlorine bromine iodine they are huge in size so they what happens is because of nitrogen small size these these anions they refill each other okay nx3 is generally unstable I'm writing it down is generally unstable because chlorine bromine iodine have bigger size and they cannot be how would I know manika is that my job to worry my job is to teach you I'm only going to teach you now who comes who watches how many students are watching that's not my look at look out I'm not gonna do that my work is to genuinely with all my faith and all my loyalty I'm supposed to teach you and I'm doing that you want to watch it you watch you don't want to watch it your loss yeah I'm supposed to teach you I'm gonna do that chill anyway bigger size and they cannot be accommodated they cannot be accommodated by small nitrogen atom however however I am God good evening however nf3 is known yes you are late I started the class at 5 30. all right everybody is this clear is this clear however now what happens to pcl3 or pbr3 or pi3 yes those will be stable yes those will be stable so are we all clear with this halogen yes are we all clear with this halogen part gray now we are going to understand everybody now what are we going to understand do you know we are going to understand just a second but choose just stay a second I am needing a lot of Khali slides nowadays huh yes now we are going to understand everybody you know what reaction with oxygen can we do this yes if any student gave first time class 12th board in 2023 and failed there then he completed 12th board nios in 2024. yeah yeah you can you can your choice you can you definitely can okay you definitely can yes now let's read about reaction with oxygen okay reaction with oxygen shall we reaction with oxygen what will we see what are what are they going to form obviously same like this it will form m2o5 and it will form m2o3 isn't it yes now what will happen is what will happen do you all remember the acidic character everybody do you all remember the acidic character I'm pretty sure that I have taught you many a times even during the first P block uh P block lesson we have learned about the answer the character but let me tell you okay let's form the compounds you will have n2o3 you will have sorry you will have p203 right you will have as2o3 isn't it you will have sb203 isn't it and what will we have you will have bi2o3 right everybody now you know that metallic oxide metallic oxide bismuth is a metal and metallic oxides are basic in nature isn't it metallic oxides are most of the time as we all know that metallic oxides are basic in nature correct everybody yes that is right now as and SB they are metalloids and if you remember if you remember then what were the metalloids that we have spoken about what were the metalloids that we have spoken about do you remember do you remember those which were amphoteric yes Punjabi songs sang by Punjabi song sang by Alia and Zoya gave Aishwarya crores so what is it Punjabi is PB song is SB sang is SN B is beryllium by Alia aluminum zinc is Zoya by Alia and Zoya gave that is gallium and then no not gave gave is not gallium sorry gallium germanium I forgot anyway yes then what is it there then you have gave ashwaria Aishwarya is as and gross is chromium so that means that these two is definitely going to form amphoteric yes these are going to form amphoteric oxides and finally metallic or non-metallic oxides are what in nature non-metallic oxides are acidic in nature so what do we write here we write here acidic everybody is this clear make sense of nonsense yes no tell me something tell me something tell me something everybody now what do we see we see that as you go top to bottom top to bottom what is happening basic character is increasing yes top to bottom basic character is increasing is increasing now in the exam they ask you in the exam they ask you m2o5 is more acidic or m2o3 is more acidic what are you going to tell me what are you going to tell me do you remember that I have already told you yes I have already told you love need look at the channel name Bacha j-e-e English I am very sorry but I will not be able to teach you in Hindi although I know Hindi very well but I'm extremely sorry the channel is only J English I will not be able to teach you in Hindi okay if you want to learn in Hindi in vedantu we also have J Hindi Channel please have a look there okay please have a look there all right everybody so m205 and m203 do you remember I told you that more is the oxidation state as you increase the oxidation state what happens acidic strength increases yes so this will be more as acidic more oxidation state understood everybody yes yes all right this is clear this is clear everybody all righty then so reaction with oxygen is over reaction with halogen is over everybody is there anything else that is left is there anything else that is left um MX3 they found try highlights of the pyramidal shape I have told you this pentahillides yes trigonal bipyramidal shape the oxides in the higher are more acidic than that all of this is covered all of this is covered yes yes yes reaction with metal and non-metal let's do that also huh reaction with metal and non-metal cello let's take a look let's have a look at that reaction with reaction with metal and non-metal all right yes okay so what do you think is the reaction with metal and non-metal everybody we will see as we can see here c c a three n two yes yes all these elements they react with metal to form their binary compounds what do they form they form binary compounds what is binary compounds which is binary compounds when basically there are two elements basically there are two elements isn't it yes now you will see that when a metal reacts with nitrogen okay when a metal reacts with nitrogen it always a forms ionic nitrites okay it always forms ionic nitride why why because most of the time the metals are large in size isn't it and we mean that if we have a large in size that means that a big cation isn't it and that is opposite of ions rule fiance rule said that small cation large anion small cation large anion but what do we have here if it is a metal metal will be bigger in size because most of the metals are below in the periodic table isn't it yes they are in the top most uh height of the periodic table so if they are in the topmost side of the periodic table that means the size is bigger size is bigger that means large cation small and ions so large cations small and ion opposite of ions rule ionic in nature right make sense of nonsense yes make sense of nonsense yes right yes everybody so great let's talk about it yes Naman Varma why School teaches useless things in maths and science you know why because what if somebody wants to be a chemist the medicine that you have yes covet happened no who created those that is when you need these things okay or a job a profession like I'm a teacher what do I teach I teach you chemistry if I was taking Commerce if I was a Commerce student student do you think that I'll be able to teach you chemistry no that is why School teaches you so don't ask questions like this very stupid questions and these are the things that you know many times those who are not a science student they are the ones who ask you so it's fine there are a lot of jobs lot of profession you do you let us do us okay the cello guys what we're talking about we were talking that reaction with metal and non-metal and what did I say I said that I said that when a metal when a metal reacts with nitrogen it forms ionic nitride what does it form it forms ionic nitrite you are going to ask me about the explanation and it is there and it is there examples right we just saw that C A plus N2 C A plus N2 what will it form what will it form now we know that nitrogen will show you minus three oxidation state or plus three oxidation state right but what will calcium show calcium will always show plus two oxidation state isn't it so what will we have what will we have the product will be ca3 N2 am I right yes am I right very good okay now what if now what if let's say that we take C A Plus P C A Plus P what will happen this will also form ca3 P2 am I not right yes that is correct now now let's take a look at the next example okay the next example is the next example is everybody not example sorry the next property that is non-metal when non-metals they react with nitrogen what do you form you form covalent nitride why check it out check it out what will you see let's say that you have oxygen oxygen if it reacts with nitrogen what will you get you will get n o what will you get you will get n o and we will talk about this later in the later half of the class okay all right yes now now I think that's it that's it that you have to know okay that's it that you have to know here we stop okay so these are basically the reactions that we have to speak about now here are certain questions everybody okay here are certain questions that let's have a look at the question is dinitrogen N2 is inert at room temperature y you know how uh in your Junior classes when you when you are really really young in your class eight or ninth syllabus you must have read about um nitrogen fixation do you remember nitrogen fixation what did you read about that do you remember that nitrogen the atmospheric nitrogen requires very high energy to break do you remember that yes atmospheric nitrogen requires really really really high energy in fact you require something like lightening for it to break it down so what can we write we can write that due to high bond dissociation energy yes because of high bond dissociation energy or high bond dissociation enthalpy of triple bond in nitrogen molecule okay what do we write because of let's write it with yellow color not liking this white color yes what do we write we write that because of high bond dissociation enthalpy because of High Bond dissociation enthalpy of triple bond in nitrogen molecule understood everybody yes very good next pH three when it is passed through water it forms a bubble while NH3 does not why so you have to understand that NH3 ammonia is actually soluble in water okay NH3 is soluble in water what did I say I said that NH3 is soluble in water so obviously they will know there will not be any bubbles right yes there will not be any bubble all right yes everybody cool now what will happen is now what will happen is you will see that you will see that pH 3 forms bubble why because ph3 is insoluble okay pH 3 is insoluble all right ph3 is insoluble got it next all the bonds in pcl5 are not equivalent uh of course yeah of course how will pcl5 be equivalent we have just spoken about this isn't it see MX5 they form trigonal by pyramidal so what will happen there are bonds that are axial yes there are bonds that are axial or like this there are bonds that are axial and there are also bonds that are equatorial yes there are bonds that are along the axial Direction and there are bonds that are in Equatorial and the ones that are in axial Direction what will happen they will have a lot of repulsion they do experience a lot of repulsion yes yes yes everybody they do face a they do face a what greater repulsion so what will happen what will happen the axial bonds the axial bonds are elongated yes the axial bonds are yes no love neat I'm very sorry in this channel we cannot use the word Hindi maybe one sentence or two sentence I might be able to but no nothing nothing at all in Hindi this is completely for South Indian uh students yes students who do not understand Hindi at all so I'm very sorry but I will not be able to do that okay I will not be able to do that yes okay so all the bonds in pcl5 are not equivalent what did I say that the bonds are long bonds along along the axis phase greater repulsion okay greater repulsion and uh to minimize the repulsion and to minimize the repulsion what happens the axial bonds are elongated all right yes and the equatorial bonds are smaller the equatorial bonds are smaller in nature is this clear everybody any doubt still here any doubts still here or should we move any doubts till your guys yes no what's going on tell me any doubt still here no doubts thank you so much look at Gopi hi ma'am new to class what is your are you taking my interview huh thank you Nona so we are done here ah here is a question here is the question guys try and solve it of the following hydrides it's not hybrides of the following hydrides of the following the Hydra is which one has the lowest boiling point I believe that we all have completed this and the correct answer is obviously ph3 do you remember that pH 3 has ph3 has lowest lowest boiling point and lowest melting point isn't it yes we know this moving on now we come to anomalous behavior of nitrogen and everybody once again talking about this just like in the previous families also we have spoken about it we know that nitrogen has the very small size isn't it everybody knows this yes everybody knows this that nitrogen has a very very very small size correct yes do we all know this everyone guys yes or no yes or no there are nobody who's replying very bad you guys actually anyway so nitrogen why does it differ from the rest of the rest of the family members because of a small size right and obviously because of its small size what will happen the electronegativity increases yes the ionization enthalpy increases isn't it and it obviously does not have D orbitals there are no D orbitals that are present in nitrogen so obviously it cannot expand its covalency now because of the absence of the orbitals tell me something will it form will it be able to form D Pi Pi Bond or D Pi D Pi Bond or P Pi D Pi Bond will it be able to form of course not of course not it can only form it can only form the covalency is restricted to four restricted to four and it can only form P Pi P Pi bond No D Pi P Pi no P Pi D Pi no D Pi D Pi it can only form P Pi P5 bonds correct yes everybody right now another unique property of nitrogen is that it not only forms P Pi Pi but it forms multiple P by P Pi bond with itself as well as those atoms which are of similar sizes okay all right and we also know that nitrogen has four catenation tendency why because there is a larger Bond length than compared to phosphorus and we know that catenation is a property that is directly proportional to the strength of the bond isn't it and the bond the single bond is actually weaker in nature in case of nitrogen why because there is a lone pair there is a lone pair these lone pair they repel and because of the smaller size the repulsion is great so what happens there is a there is an increase in the bond length and hence the bond becomes weaker am I right everybody is this clear to you all is this clear to you all now we come to something called as dinitrogen that means that we have reached compounds of nitrogen so everybody are you already shall we start with dinitrogen everybody shall we start with dinitrogen are you guys here with me everyone or not let's start with dinitrogen what is dinitrogen dinitrogen everybody knows yeah N2 N2 is your dinitrogen isn't it N2 is your dinitrogen but you so we are going to talk about dinitrogen ready but let me give you some let me give you just a bit of your uh you know just to give a bit of knowledge those that you have studied in your earlier classes do you remember in class eight or in class nine you must have read about something called as fractional distillation dude do you remember what was fractional distillation you remember you read about fractional distillating Tower yes fractional distillating Tower do you remember yes and you have read this in the chapter called petroleum coal and petroleum in case of colon petroleum you must have read that there was a tower in which what happens is you take petroleum you put petroleum you heat it in a very high temperature and then what happens is all the different different substances that are present in the crude petroleum it all get separated yes and what was the principle what was the basic principle of fractional distillation the basic principle the basic principle of fractional distillation was that at different temperatures different substances they purify and they come out and do you know that even for dinitrogen commercial preparation of commercial preparation of dinitrogen everybody is exactly done the same way yes commercial preparation of dinitrogen everybody you will say that basically what you do is you take air you take care and in this air what you do is you remove you remove carbon dioxide you remove carbon dioxide you remove water vapor okay you remove water vapor yes and you remove all the other Trace amount of gases that are present right now what you do is now what you do is you heat or no no no no no no the remaining gas that is there right the remaining gas that is there you'd liquefy it now what you do is you take this air and you liquefy it okay you liquefy it okay once you have liquefied basically what are you getting right here once you have liquefied what are you getting you are getting your liquid nitrogen plus liquid oxygen make sense or nonsense everybody what is it that you are getting here you are getting liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen am I right yes am I right now will you believe me if I say that actually liquid oxygen liquid oxygen boiling point of liquid oxygen is high and the boiling point of liquid with nitrogen boiling point of liquid nitrogen and nitrogen if if I am not wrong I think it is about 70 to 75 Kelvin right or I believe it is 75 Kelvin I'm not sure can you please check it out can you please check it out however liquid oxygen has a boiling point of about 90 Kelvin if I'm not wrong okay all right so what happens is now that you have two different boiling point here now that you have two different boiling point here do you believe me when I say that liquid nitrogen is obtained liquid nitrogen will be obtained first yes liquid nitrogen will come out first isn't it isn't it just like you how you remember that if you take the crude petroleum the most impure form that is bituminous that is bitumen bitumen that is that black color thing that you put it on the road do you remember bitumen used to come out at around 300 or 400 Kelvin and at the top you used to get butane or propane that is used in your LPG cylinder do you remember I remember that whole diagram by heart by heart I remember the whole diagram everybody so here what is happening is liquid nitrogen liquid nitrogen is obtained first okay liquid nitrogen is obtained first and this is called as fractional distillation fractional thank you aim God 77 Kelvin I have written it I have written as 75 Kelvin let me change it now that you have told me 77 Kelvin isn't it you were telling me 77 Kelvin thank you so much yes so liquid nitrogen is obtained first and then because the boiling point of oxygen is higher what will happen is it will be obtained later on maybe in a beaker or something and that is the commercial preparation this is itself the commercial preparation isn't it very easy so you don't even have to learn any any any any uh you know reaction or any any equation you know this is your commercial preparation so basically can you write it down you just have to write that commercial preparation of nitrogen requires fractional distillation you take air and you remove carbon dioxide water vapor and other Trace amount of gases then liquefy the air the air will have Now liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen liquid nitrogen has less boiling point than liquid oxygen so in the fractional distillating Tower liquid nitrogen will come out first and then liquid oxygen will be obtained yes all right this is clear guys this is clear everybody now we go to now we go to laboratory preparation shall we let's go to lab preparation okay let's go to lab preparation all right watch up all right but you so in lab preparation what is the first thing that we are learning about let's check it out okay in the lab preparation let me teach you first the pure form okay how to get very pure form of nitrogen or die nitrogen how to get very pure form of dinitrogen if you have been through ncert is liquid nitrogen harmfulness it's fine no it's not nitrogen is not toxic it's not toxic it's not odorless it's not uh you know it is not it is colorless it's it's all basically it doesn't I mean look at it nitrogen is right there right and it's also inert and dinitrogen is also N2 so N2 is also bonded there is a triple bond that exists it is inert we will talk about the properties don't worry we will talk about the properties as well okay so let's talk about the very pure form how to get how to get very pure nitrogen very pure nitrogen can be obtained by can be obtained by taking what do you take you take barium aside okay so ba n32 this is barium azide okay once you take barium azide what will happen just hate it Baba just heat it see this is exactly what is written you take barium azide and then what will happen is thermal decomposition thermal decomposition of sodium or barium azide so basically what you're going to do is you're just going to heat it this triangle form means that you are basically just going to heat it once you heat it what will you get you will be getting ba and you will be getting 3 and 2 that's it this will give you very pure form of nitrogen clear hair all right now we come now we come to other forms of other forms of lab preparation other forms of lab preparation is basically you can take ammonium chromate ammonium dichromate yes you can take ammonium dichromate you can take ammonium salt also ammonium salt can also be taken so what can we do yes now lab preparation second method okay this was very pure this was very pure these ones the yield will be little less okay in these cases the yield will be little less so what can we do we can take a salt we can take an ammonium salt that is nh4 CL yes nh4cl if I mix it with sodium nitrite everybody okay what can I do if I mix it with sodium nitrite that is n a n o two yes then what will I get what will I get I will be getting obviously nh4 NO2 right I will definitely be getting some NaCl n a NCL right apart from that what will I get I will get some dinitrogen N2 plus don't you think that I will be getting H2O I will be getting H2O isn't it yes so basically right here also you get dinitrogen do you see everybody yes you are getting dinitrogen correct all right now this is something that is given to you in your ncert okay this is given to you in your ncert apart from that you can also take you can also take what did I say ammonium dichromate dichromate cr207 how do we know this do you remember we have learned about this in D Block in D Block we have read about dichromate yes yes everybody so dichromate is cr207 and then here we have nh4 ammonium dichromate we are taking what do we have to do just heat it just heat it what will you get once again you will be getting dinitrogen dinitrogen plus do you see that here is dichromate dichromate will come to cr203 cr2o3 here it will be in plus 3 oxidation state and that means that it is green in color you've read about this indeed log elements you have read about this in D Block elements correct isn't it everybody is this clear so this is how you obtain this is the laboratory preparation everybody this is the laboratory preparation of your nitrogen or die nitrogen clear hey everyone yes now let's come to the properties of dinitrogen okay what do we do let's come to N2 properties what are the properties of N2 everybody what are the properties of N2 everyone yes so once again as you all know I have just taught you right I have just taught you that N2 plus metal if you make N2 react with any metal what will happen we know that nitrogen will be of smaller size but the metal will be of bigger size that means that we will be getting ionic nitride we will be getting ionic nitrite example everybody example everybody let's take lithium lithium plus nitrogen what will you get you will be getting l i 3 and correct correct okay another example remember CA 3 and 2 we got yes so let's take it C A plus N2 what will it happen it will be ca3 N2 correct yes correct now if I take now if I take everybody another property will be another property will be N2 plus non-metal N2 plus non-metal see this is right this is repetitive we have just done this N2 plus non-metal non-metal will also be of smaller size N2 is also a smaller size so small size small size what will we get we will get covalent nitride covalent nitride isn't it yours why is my action changing no idea maybe I'm African right now yes we will be getting covalent nitrite what is the example the example obviously you know see check it out N2 plus O2 N2 plus O2 will be what 2 and O we will be reading about this don't worry in some time we will be reading about the school all right now if we come to the properties of nitrogen what are the properties of nitrogen I think I was just telling aim God right aim God I was just told you that nitrogen is colorless nitrogen is odorless nitrogen is uh non-toxic gas it is inert is inert in nature most of the time because it's bonded by three bonds isn't it yes and it is tasteless well nitrogen is right here taste try if you taste air like do you see any taste do you feel any taste any taste guys any taste check it out check it out just take your tongue out and try to taste the air there is nitrogen any taste none right none at all none at all yes this is very tough for you then read from Mina I'm making it easy for you don't worry now nitrogen also bite your students just like carbon and oxygen has oxygen I haven't taught you just like carbon had Isotopes nitrogen also has Isotopes okay now what is the atomic number of nitrogen seven so what is going to be the isotope nine and 14 and N 15 okay and 14 and N15 are the Isotopes all right what other thing do you know that um if you increase the temperature right if you increase the temperature like I just told you see lightening when there is lightening what happens there is a huge amount of energy there is huge amount of heat energy there is huge amount of energy isn't it reactivity increases and that is exactly what are my ideas to students if you have learned your lower grades very well you will be acing it here also in your lower grades haven't you read remember that remember that diagram nitrogen fixation how there is n n then it breaks because of lighting then there are some bacteria which fixes the nitrogen to the roots of the plant rhizobium bacteria and all of that nitrosonium bacteria Nitro this bacteria Nitro whatever whatever bacteria there were two to three types of bacteria nitrobacter and all of that we learned about yeah what was that about basically what was it telling us it was telling us that if the energy increases if what is energy heat energy heat energy is basically related to temperature temperature increases reactivity also increases of nitrogen is this clear everybody will you be able to write down the properties of nitrogen that I just told you can you all please write that down I am seriously my hands are and all the paining I'm a little lazy to do the write it down so can you please write it down please okay let's move ahead so properties are dancing I have taught you all of these yes the properties are also done I have also told you about the preparation it's done is done is done now we go to ammonia now we go to ammonia everybody let's learn about ammonia everybody okay the next one is next one is ammonia all right so ammonia is actually prepared by it's actually prepared by if you take urea and Decay it okay take urea and Decay it that is when urea you take and urea starts to Decay you get ammonia yes when urea starts to Decay you get ammonia by the way just some time back also we have learned a reaction where we saw that we took ammonia salt right do you remember we took some ammonia salt that is nh4cl isn't it so nh4cl if I just put some water in it do you know what will happen I will be getting nh4oh yes it will become a base plus there will also be HCL yes plus there will be NH3 did I say that no no no no no there will not be NH3 oh it will have nh4oh plus HCL right what will it be a what do I do aim God about that if there are ads that is YouTube's problem not mine not mine you will have to take the YouTube subscription what to do that's not my problem I'm so sorry and I can't help you I cannot even change anything here it's all YouTube this is where I'm teaching you I can't help it anyway so what is this nh4oh guys what is this nh4oh if I break it down don't you think that nh4oh is basically your NH3 yes plus what is it there will be one H one H here so it will be H2 so nh4oh is basically your NH3 and NH3 plus H2O and you will get HCL so this is one way to form NH3 this is one way to form your ammonia all right yes apart from that one very very very important process is havers crosses okay what is it hey bus process please pay attention everybody hey bus process might come in your exam hey bus process might come in your exam there are chances of hey bus process coming in so let's learn about hey Birds process okay what do we see in a bus crosses animals very simple very easy actually very simple very easy what will you see you will see that you will take N2 which is in Geisha State and then you will take some three H2 okay you will take some H2 okay what will you take you will take some H2 and that will also be in gaseous State now what you will do is now what we will do is you will get 2 NH3 okay which is in case but do you know that the temperature required for this reaction is very very very high yes the temperature required for it is 773 Kelvin the pressure that is required here is 200 and Atmos 200 atmospheric pressure all right and this reaction is highly exothermic in nature this reaction is highly exothermic in nature exothermic reaction exothermic reaction and the Delta H the heat energy evolved here on heat energy that is the heat energy that is coming up here is minus 46.1 kilo Joule per mole all right everybody this you might have to remember it but if you want you can remember if you don't want you can you don't have to remember all right now what are the properties of ammonia so that is it guys this is all that is habers process okay this is all that is saber process it might come a little twisted we will when when we solve the problems you will be able to understand what kind of problems might come from habers process cool all right everybody now moving on what are the properties let's write about the properties everybody yeah okay okay okay so properties of ammonia everybody properties of ammonia everybody you have to understand that it is a colorless but is it orderless ammonia has a smell yes ammonia has a smell and ammonia is it liquid is it liquid yes is it solid yes so that means that uh it exists in both solid and liquid state yes exist in both solid as well as liquid state am I am I clear all right now NH3 what is the structure of NH3 everybody knows that there is a lone pair here and then there is one H here then there is one H here and then there is one H here what is the shape the shape is obviously everybody pyramidal isn't it the shape is pyramidal it is colorless all right it is colorless all right everybody now moving on now moving on come coming to coming to this place yes see I've told you everything basically see pressure about 200 is most very pressure temperature about 700 Kelvin but actually in reality it is 773 Kelvin okay now cattle is such a please please please note it down please note it down catalysts such as iron oxide which small amounts of k2o and al2o3 increases the rate of attainment of equilibrium because did you see did you see this sign that I drew here did you see this sign here ideal design that means that equilibrium right that means that equilibrium now everybody this iron oxide iron oxide with k2o and al2o3 did you know that this is actually modern Catalyst okay what is it modern Catalyst all right in the olden days we did not have this Catalyst this is modern Catalyst okay modern Catalyst olden days we had olden days we had uh we had iron definitely iron plus Molly badnam we had okay iron plus Molly Bednar was the old Catalyst and uh in the modern days right now we have Fe2O3 plus k2o plus al2o3 okay three oxides together is taken as a catalyst all right everybody is this clear guys is this clear now ammonia we understand that ammonia gas is also highly soluble in water right we just spoke about it that ammonia is soluble in water that is why there are no bubbles right it is aqueous solution is weakly basic also so if it is basic my dear students if it is basic mind your student then tell me something will it react with an asset will it react with an acid obviously let's check it out see it will be NH3 plus HCL if I do what will it form it will form nh4 CL am I right now if I take if I take let's say if I take n H3 plus h2so4 what will it form it will form nh4 nh4 2so4 am I right because I just said that it is weekly basic in nature if it is weekly basic in nature it will definitely react with acid isn't it it will definitely react with acid please have a look please have a look and see if you are understanding everything or not yes if you're understanding everything or not please have a look everybody yeah yeah great cool okay now do you see these reactions right here do you see these reactions that see you and whatever whatever is happening here basically what they're saying is basically what they're saying is that NH3 it is a low it is a it is a Lewis base right it is a Lewis base and because it has a lone pair right it can easily donate the lone pair also so if it tries to donate the lone pair do you know what happens when it donates the lone pair but choose the coordination compound that chapter do you remember the chapter of coordination compound do you remember that there were there were NH3 acted as a ligand do you remember that NH3 acted as a ligand why because it has a lone pair that lone pair can be donated to the empty orbitals of the metal yes so that is exactly what is written here see CU 2 plus copper in plus two oxidation state plus NH3 if you add 1 is it forming it is forming a deep blue color why because of presence of ligand you take away the ligand what will happen the color will be lost coordination compound see how coordination compound is also related to P block everybody please do not leave a coordination compound it is a very important chapter please do not leave coordination compound it's a very important chapter you can easily get 12 marks from inorganic chemistry just by studying coordination compound very properly okay now if we take agclc if we take agcl and then if we add NH3 see what is it forming see what is it forming it can form do you see everybody what is it forming it is forming another coordination compound and this time do you see what is happening here do you see what is happening there is nh32 and there is CL outside and there is CL outside do you see everybody yes NH3 is once again acting as a ligand and cl is the counter ion it can form coordinate complexes with metal ion is that done guys is that done is that done Everybody by chance if you ask me by chance if you ask me when I said that NH3 n is 3 acts as a uh this thing NH3 acts as a Lewis base I said right it acts as a Lewis base and if you ask me why ma'am I just told you that it has a lone pair that lone pair can be donated to the metals empty orbital isn't it everybody is this clear and now we come to something that is very very very important and that is oxide so often nitrogen are you all with me everyone are you all with me now in this oxides of nitrogen you will see that you will see that do you remember first initially when the only we spoke about how nitrogen can show minus three oxidation state plus one oxidation state plus two plus three plus four plus five oxidation state and you will see that the oxides of nitrogen are possible in each and every oxidation state except minus 3. except minus 3 oxides of nitrogen are possible in each and every oxidation state everybody you see that there is one that is in plus one check it out everybody there is one in plus one there is one in plus two there is one in plus three there are two in plus four and there are and there is one in plus 5 as well all right yes so now if it is in plus one oxidation state what does it form it forms n2o yes what will be the name of n2o I can clearly see that there are two nitrogen atoms one oxygen atom so dinitrogen oxide what do I call it dinitrogen oxide yes everybody moving on now plus two oxidation States so n and O what do I see I see one nitrogen one oxygen what do I call it just like how we say carbon monoxide I can call it nitrogen mono oxide right now if nitrogen is in plus three oxidation state what will it form it will form n2o3 n2o3 I can clearly see that there are three oxygen atoms and two nitrogen atoms so dinitrogen trioxide makes sense or nonsense very good then we come to plus four oxidation state plus four oxidation state you will have NO2 if it is NO2 it forms obviously two oxygen one nitrogen nitrogen dioxide yes now in plus four oxidation state there is another compound possible that is n2o4 now I can clearly see that there are four oxygen and two nitrogen so dinitrogen Tetra oxide yes and finally you have n2o5 so what do I call it dinitrogen pentoxide is the naming clear everybody how we have named all of these is this clear everyone now method of common method of preparation you can just go through the reaction yes you don't have to don't have to really really learn it okay but if you want you can learn it okay if you want you can learn it this you can just go through it but just go through it I think just practice once or twice in the paper you will be able to understand okay all right now the physical appearance and the chemical name is the physical appearance of the dinitrogen of the oxides of nitrogen are also given to you just go through it let's go to the structure okay let's go to the structure guys the structure I believe I should draw it for you uh do I have an empty this thing here looks like no guys one second yeah one second I need an um I do need a this thing one second yeah where did it go where is it anomalous Behavior one second guys I need an empty page huh yes we are here all right okay all right let's draw the oxides everybody yes yeah yeah emcd pyq has also come Dinesh but let me at least complete the chapter now if I don't complete the chapter how will I uh do the py cues that is why I have stopped the this thing because this chapter is taking a lot of time this is a very huge chapter and there are possibilities of uh there is a possibility of at least two to three questions coming from this chapter so just paying a little attention in completing the syllabus and then we will come to the emct don't worry okay daily class timings when you come with life ramakrishna I'm very sorry Bacha you know what is happening I am also getting troubles with a little bit of healthy shoes I'm not able to prepare very well and because I've just come back from the holidays you know my my mood is also slightly a little different so I'm not able to give you a perfect timing but from tomorrow let's try that 4 pm I will come live okay 4 P.M I will come live with the concepts and then again it will go on okay I will uh publish the schedule also don't worry I will publish the schedule also every single day don't worry about it okay yeah but just give me a little bit of time to get a come accustomed to to the office timings again because you know holiday was great I heard some I had such a great tasty food cooked by my mom I had so much fun and everything and then again back to the work and standing and digging the class but it's okay anything for you so just trying to get accustomed to it anyway guys let's move ahead everybody what did I say the first one was everyone n2o right how do we draw n2o guys we will draw n here yes and then we will draw n here now we know that in between n there will be a triple bond right but this one will have a lone pair this one will also have a lone pair and this lone pair will be donated to oxygen yes this lone pair will be donated to oxygen now once we donate the oxygen do you know how to convert a coordinate bond to a covalent bond how do we do it how do we do it basically the structure will be like this the structure will be like this the one who is donating will have a positive sign and the one who is accepting the bond one who is accepting the lone pair they will have a negative sign right and here we will have a lone pair so this will be the structure of n2o makes sense everybody hi Shiva welcome to the session yeah next one what is the next one guys next one was plus two oxidation state and plus two oxidation state we will have n o so N O How to Draw It N triple bond o can I do it no how can there be n triple bond or oxygen cannot form triple bond right there will be N double bond o but it will have a lone pair here plus now see two plus two four only what about another electron what about another electron there are five electrons right so there will be one more electron this is called as an odd electron molecule what is this this is called as an odd electron molecule okay all right guys moving on now we go to plus three oxidation state plus three oxidation state bullet n2o3 how do I draw n2o3 I will first draw two n here okay 2N here let's connect it by one Bond then what do I have three oxygen so let's say that 2 here and then I will have double bond o here so two oxygen done here will be another oxygen here and uh one two three four done here four bonds done here one two three and four five four five one two three four and five yeah this will have a lone pair correct everybody make sense or nonsense yes make sense or nonsense yeah very good okay Shiva do you see what I'm teaching do you see what I'm teaching huh no no just like that you'll come and ask me doubt so what moving on plus three oxidation state is done that means we will go to plus 4 oxidation state and plus four oxidation state what do we have nitrogen dioxide and O2 how to draw no two very simple very easy one oxygen connected with double bond one oxygen connected by single Bond so one two three and here will be one electron this my dear students is also an odd electron molecule okay this is also an odd electron molecule now you know that we have another one in plus four oxidation state right what is the next one in plus four oxidation state it is n2o4 how to draw n2o4 once again we will be drawing here two nitrogen and connect it with one single Bond then you will be drawing two double double bond oxygen double bond oxygen single Bond oxygen and single Bond oxygen that's it this is your n2o4 that is dinitrogen tetraoxide make sense of nonsense everybody finally next one what do we have in plus five oxidation state we have n2o5 N2 o5 is dinitrogen pentoxide so what will you do here n once again double bond oxygen single Bond oxygen now there will be another oxygen which will be connected to another nitrogen like this and then done that's it easy peasy everybody yes foreign Ty has not released the syllabus until now we know that this is how it is okay this is how it is we haven't seen that there is any syllabus that has been removed yet but I will still figure it out and I will still definitely uh check it out okay I will I will still check it out till now NTA has not released the syllabus but I'll still find it out and I will let you know don't worry about it okay all right yes by the way the odd electron molecules that I spoke about they are not stable okay they are not stable and we will see that even NO2 right NO2 which is a odd electron molecule it will dimerize to form n2o4 okay it will dimerize to form n2o4 okay to form a stable even electron molecule is that clear everybody is that clear see these are the these are all the structures that I had to draw and I have drawn it for you okay now we come to the very important part of the chapter that is Oxo acids of nitrogen okay we have to learn about Oxo acids of nitrogen but shoes okay what are the Oxo acids of nitrogen once we are done with obstacles of nitrogen then we have to read about nitric acid after nitric acid then we will go for phosphorus and then we will have to learn about phosphine and then we will have to learn about Oxo acids of phosphorus and then we will be done with this chapter so I think we will still require another 1R to be able to complete this chapter okay we will still require another uh you know another one hour to be able to complete this chapter quickly go and call up your friends so that they are not missing out on this okay I'm teaching you chemistry why are you asking me of physics question huh why are you asking me a physics question and even if you are you must know what are current SI unit you are asking me that is something that you can just Google but Any Which Way current SI unit is MP or at least know the subject before you come to the class no huh at least know the subject before you come to the class anyway Oxo assets of nitrogen let's start with plus five oxidation state right now you know in plus five oxidation state what will you have you will have nitric acid and that's why we are going to talk about nitric acid very soon okay we are going to talk about nitric acid just in some time everybody but um before this let me just copy this once all right here we go huh so what are we going to talk about nitric acid now we know what is the formula of nitric acid isn't it hno3 and in hno3 we know that hno3 nitrogen is in plus five operation State yes how to draw the structure everybody how do we draw the structure very simple very easy draw an o h here then you draw nitrogen here double one oxygen and here will be a lone pair which will be donated to oxygen hno3 this is your nitrogen okay when the liver start at 5 30. two hours over we will need another hour to be able to complete it okay so this is one of the Oxo acids next one is a nitrous next one is nitrous acid what is the difference between nitrous acid and Nitro uh nitric acid nothing but this is hno2 if it is hno2 and if you calculate the oxidation state you will see that it will be in plus three oxidation state plus three oxidation state so how am I going to draw the structure very simple very easy and double bond o and here we will have o h and this will have a lone pair right and there is last one in which the nitrogen will be in plus one oxidation state so that is H2 N2 O2 and this will be in plus one oxidation state so how do we draw it N double bond o n double bond n then there will be two oxygen here no no sorry it will have one Ox here and there will be another o h here all right and this will have a lone pair this will have a lone pair both of them will be in plus one plus one operation State what is this call this is called hyponitrous acid what is it called hyponitrous acid hypo nitrous acid coal all right everybody is this clear guys now shall we go to nitric acid shall we learn about nitric acid but can I just take a break of a small washroom break can I take can I please take a small washroom break yeah everybody it has been two hours I need a very small washroom break can I guys of three minutes three to four minutes or five minutes five minutes break can we take a five minutes break everybody can we no I am here yes you are right but can I please take a five minutes break everybody I need it very badly okay thank you so much Dinesh thank you so much I'll see you in five minutes everybody quickly go and call up your friends till then because after this whatever I'm going to teach you is going to be very very very important okay cello hi guys hello hello I'm back can you all see me and hear me yes are you all here with me let's start with the session yeah let's start with nitric acid foreign okay all right so we are going to start with now nitric acid isn't it everybody yes so how can we how can we make nitric acid if you remember how can we make nitric acid very easy very simple everybody if you remember in the very beginning we spoke about in the very beginning we spoke about potassium nitrite and sodium nitrite you remember chili saltpeter and indian salt Pita isn't it yes so if I take n a n o three yes and if I add your h2so4 what will I get guys what will I get I will be getting n a hso4 yes plus I will get hno3 obviously correct am I right everyone yes make sense now if I take potassium nitrite kno3 plus if I add h2so4 what will I get everybody once again very simple very easy I will be getting your hno3 that is hno3 and what will I get here plus k2so4 makes sense absolutely Sunita We Will We Will chill chill now now please Focus here okay all right everybody great now moving on from here moving on from here you guys understand that we this is just the laboratory method right what is this this is just the laboratory method isn't it we will obviously have to learn about we will obviously have to learn about the Oswald method isn't it what is it we will obviously be learning about the oswal method yes Oswald method is basically the commercial preparation yes Oswald method is basically the commercial preparation and that is something that we are going to read about Osman method is also very important and it is also very simple okay it just happens in three steps and you will see that in three steps you will be able to understand that what is Oswald matter very simple very easy everybody check it out check it out oswal's method okay oswal's method three simple steps everybody just three simple steps okay just three simple steps let's see first one first step what do you do is First Step what are you going to take take ammonium take ammonia take 4 NH3 and take five oxygen molecules what will you get you will get here you will get here 4 n o nitrogen mono oxide yes nitrogen mono oxide this is your first step in the first step you are going to get nitrogen mono oxide plus obviously you will be getting H2 correct yes now we will take this nitrogen mono oxide we will take this nitrogen mono oxide okay this nitrogen mono oxide but remember I I have to prepare nitric acid what is the formula of nitric acid but choose the formula of nitric acid is what NO3 hno3 so that means that mono Arts mono oxide will not be able to finish my work right I will need three oxygen I will need three oxygen so what am I going to add I am going to add another time oxygen now when I add oxygen what do I get I Get N O2 does it still finish my job no not yet I am still not done this time what will I do is this time now what I can do is I can definitely add some water isn't it so let's take let's take this 4no2 plus let's add some water no actually there will be three foreign this will be three four two three yes four to three if I take three no two and if I add water now what will I get is I will be getting H and O3 makes sense of nonsense yes and plus I will be getting this no and this no my dear students do you see this no no was right here so that means that this can be recycled okay that means that this can be recycled and do you see here do you see here that right here we have something in plus four oxidation state right here we have something in plus five oxidation state and right here do you see that we have another something that is a n what plus 2 oxidation state isn't it so that means that this is a disproportionation reaction this is a disproportionation reaction makes sense of nonsense and that my dear student is your oswals testing yes why do we need three oxygen nothing is just balancing if you don't want to balance it it's okay and why we need value why we need three oxygen but two hno3 now o three three oxygen so how will you make nitric acid if you don't have free oxygen you will need not three oxygen gotcha yes so basically how to remember it how to remember it take ammonia add oxygen you will get nitrogen mono oxide take mono oxide add oxygen you will be getting nitrogen dioxide take the dioxide Add Water you will be getting nitric acid easy peasy Biryani tasting once again or World process okay or soil process what do you prepare nitric acid nitric acid has h n o three three oxygen are there three step process three oxygen is there three step process First Step what do you do NH3 take NH3 add oxygen you will get nitrogen mono oxide take nitrogen mono oxide add oxygen you get nitrogen dioxide take nitrogen dioxide Add Water you will get nitric acid done done easy peasy Biryani tasty and that is your oswalts process you don't believe me you want to check it out I'll show you here this is Oswald's processing this is your rose false process do you see do you see everybody is this clear all right now what are the properties okay what are the properties of this okay Babu I do organic chemistry but right now can I start organic chemistry no no right now I'm teaching you people are let me teach you P block yes now you get it huh so what are the properties of this nitric acid this nitric acid it's it is a very strong oxidizing agent and it can attack most of the metals but it cannot attack the noble gases gold platinum and all of that right it cannot attack gold platinum and all of that now what happens is now what happens is if you take do you see here do you see that there are two types of reactions my dear students please check it out do you see that there are two types of reactions see copper when it reacts with which is dilute okay all right yes copper when you take copper and when it reacts with nitric acid which is dilute in nature check it out what it is forming it's forming nitrogen mono oxide do you see that it is forming nitrogen monoxide everybody do you see that it is forming nitrogen monoxide great okay now check it out one more time okay one more time everybody yes now do you see that zinc when it reacts with nitrogen zinc when it reacts with nitric acid which is dilute in nature this time it forms n2o please notice please Focus up everybody please Focus up it is forming n2o but both the times when you take concentrated nitric acid guys what is it forming when you take concentrated nitric acid it is forming NO2 and NO2 so can I generalize this and can I say that whenever whenever concentrated nitric acid you take plus metal okay concentrated nitric acid plus metal what will it give you it will give you it will give you nitrogen dioxide is actually going through some personal issues and his father is hospitalized so I think uh all we can do is just pray for his uh just pray for his well-being and as soon as his father is well he will be definitely back okay all right yeah father is not very well and he is hospitalized and that's why he is taking a little break he's not able to basically take the sessions okay all right guys yes which state Mohan I am actually a Bengali and um but I I have been born and brought up in almost each and every state in India because my father had a you know transferable job so after P blog we will be doing s block chemical kinetics thermodynamics chemical equilibria and then organic chemistry I think chemical equilibrium we will be doing later on because chemical kinetics and thermodynamics we can finish it in one one day after that we have to do organic chemistry organic chemistry is very important so this is the plan okay this is the plan all right yes okay all right now everybody please check it out what did I say if you take concentrated nitric acid and if you add a metal okay no bubble I cannot speak sorry I can only speak in English and this is an English Channel so I have to teach you in English now please Focus up everybody if you take concentrated nitric acid plus metal okay any metal concentrated nitric acid plus any metal if you take what will you get you will be getting nitrogen dioxide okay nitrogen dioxide is something that you will be getting but you also see that there is some amount of water right there is some amount of water and do you see that here also CU no32 and here also znno32 is forming so that means that it will form metal nitrate what is it forming metal nitrate okay all right no Baba I cannot talk Telugu or Tamil sweethearts please Focus up nobody is going to ask you when the exam does ma'am know this language please chill and focus up Focus up Focus up okay this is something very important that I'm teaching you please learn all right guys is this understood do you understand this concentrated nitric acid plus any metal what is it going to form is this understood everybody also remember that right here you will see that this will be in higher oxidation state this is in plus four oxidation state from plus five okay from plus five from plus five it forms plus four oxidation state cool everybody all right now moving on here is another thing that you have to notice did I not tell you right now that you will see that when you mix it with dilute nitric acid everybody dilute nitric acid plus metal okay dilute nitric acid plus metal which metal plus metal write it down everybody the metals are punjabis are cool humans okay again what is it punjabis are full human all right so who are these who are these These are plus p b okay p b a g silver if you take okay all right then if you take copper and then if you take Mercury so punjabis are cool human please write it down everybody okay write it down this is your mnemonic then what do you get you get nitrogen mono oxide that is a lower oxidation state okay all right what do you get lower oxidation state passivation passive film passive passive film means of film which does not allow further reaction to happen okay all right further reaction does not happen so here you will see that this forms no which is exactly what we saw here right which was exactly what we saw here right all right now if you take dilute nitric acid okay if you take dilute nitric acid plus if you take like like see did you see here zinc did you see here that they took zinc if you take zinc or iron okay if you take zinc or iron then what will happen is then you will see that it forms a dinitrogen oxide that is n2o what does it form it forms dinitrogen oxide cool everybody all right yes okay okay then some metal like chromium and Al they do not dissolve in concentrated and nitric acid because of the formation of a passive film of oxide on the surface passivation passivation means there is a passive field which does not allow it to react any more okay it does not allow it to react anymore am I clear apart from this there is also another reaction where you take Nitric acid very very very dilute now if you take Nitric acid in a very very very dilute situation okay what will happen is it will it will not give you any nitrogen oxide it will not give you any oxides of nitrogen but it will give you just hydrogen plus metal nitrate okay now there is one metal there is one metal which is basically your SN okay whenever SN reacts whenever FN reacts with SN plus hno3 especially dilute okay SN that is tin plus dilute hno3 will always give you you know what it will always give you nh4 NO3 plus metal nitrate am I clear all right yes it will give you metal nitrate got it got it no no Sunita you are not troubling me but I was just explaining to you that I cannot start it right now right now but like I said like I said see you have to understand something okay I know a lot of places I have seen that people start with Organic Chemistry faster but I believe that for organic chemistry there are certain Basics that you need okay number one basic is your chemical bonding number two basic is your P block carbon family yes all right okay number three basic will be your periodic table all right all right once you learn these things once you learn these things then your organic chemistry becomes very easy so give me a little time to just finish your physical and inorganic and then like I said once we start organic there is no stopping yeah we will continue with Organic again and again again and again again Mohan will you please stop it I'm not going to say what you're asking me too because I have no idea what you're saying and I'm not going to get disrespected or made fun of on YouTube so listen if you want to or you can continue to say this again and again but I will not say this okay all right guys is this understood everybody is this understood now we come to something called as now we come to something called this is also written here okay see chromium and aluminum they doesn't they do not react with concentrated nitric acid why because of an oxide layer that forms okay and that oxide layer protects it from further oxidation which is why you will see that chromium and aluminum they do not react apart from that there is something called as brown ring test okay Brown Monday what is it brown Monday there was a song let's read about the brown ring test everybody okay Brown ring test now what happens in brown ring test in brown ring test what do you take but choose what do you take everybody in brown ring test basically what you take is you take ferrous sulfate isn't it you take Fe so4 now can somebody tell me what is the oxidation state of faso4 if you calculate it you will find that Fe is in plus two oxidation state okay all right and that will react with hno3 so can I write it as NO3 minus because because H and O3 if I remove the H it becomes hno NO3 minus and NO3 is basically your nitrate ion yes is it is it your nitrate ion is it your nitrate iron everybody will believe me when I say that this is your nitrate ion great okay so fpso4 plus NO3 minus do you know what it gives you do you know what happens here Fe from plus two oxidation state we just learned isn't it we just learned that this is as this is an oxidizing age and nitrate ion this is an oxidizing agent so what will happen this will go to Fe plus 3 there will be another loss of there will be another loss of electron it will go to Fe plus three once it goes to Fe plus 3 now you will have n o now you will have nitrogen mono oxide okay all right yes music gamer what are you saying but uh first arrange the elements in the group in order in which they are present in the group that happened at 5 30 PM we are done now we are coming to the end of the session where we are doing nitric acid and phosphorus and Oxo acids of phosphorus and all of these what are you talking about yeah you did not know Caro's I said don't worry about it it's okay it's okay it's fine it's fine we will talk about it Carol's acid Marshall's asset I will you know what I'll make another video and I'll tell you all all the names of the asset that you do not know which might come in a Twisted form in your exam okay I'll make a separate small video of 10-15 minutes and I'll tell you that in your exam they might ask you these acid like what is Marshall's asset what is cairo's asset okay I'll give you a video and I'll tell you all of these details yeah don't worry about it now so this is your no right yes now what happens is this will further react okay this no this no now what it will do is by chance if there is a little bit more of Fe okay if there are more Fe 2 plus ions if there are more Fe 2 plus ions this will again react with fe2 plus ion this will again react with fe2 plus ion and now what it will form is now it will form check it out so fa2 plus ion plus there is water also there right there is also some amount of water so what will happen is it will form feh 205 it will form a coordinate complex and here this is what you will get this is what you will get and my dear student this right here this coordinate complex is the one that is your brown ring okay this coordinate complex is basically your brown ring complex all right everybody so what did I say what is it that we have learned we have learned that what we do is we take fpso4 we take iron sulfate yes or ferrous sulfate once we take ferrous sulphate in that what we do is we want to test for NO3 ion NO3 minus ion that means nitrate ion we want to test for nitrate ion okay so ferrous sulfate goes to fe3 plus State and no the no then directly the no then for the reacts with your fe2 plus ions that are that are still there and it forms a coordinate complex and that coordinate complex is your brown ring okay now actually you know what you do apart from just taking iron sulfate you also add in a test tube in the test tube in practical in lab practicals you will see that through the walls of the test tube for example um I do not have any glass or anything here so if you have a test tube then just through the wall okay you have to make sure that very soft very slowly drop by drop through the walls of the test tube you will also add concentrated H2O okay you will have to add concentrated H2O did I say h2so4 concentrated h2so4 and that is how you will see the ring that is forming okay and that is exactly what is written here everybody that is exactly what is written here say this is your brown ring complex and there is water as well all right now shall we do some questions guys let's do some questions okay here are some questions everybody Beyond nitrogen is prepared in the laboratory by heating everybody knows this I guess everybody knows this okay come on guys tell me pure hydrogen is prepared in the laboratory by heating a mixture of we did it isn't it we did it wasn't it what did we take what did we take nh4cl yes ammonium salt ammonium salt and nano2 yes some time back only we have solved this okay sometime back only we have solved this very good question music gamer which class do you belong to Bacha if you ask me such questions I think I'll have to die because of heart attack yes why is helium in P block because the last electron goes to the p orbital bro don't make me cry and all now okay anyway which of the following statement is not correct for nitrogen it's electronegativity is very high that is true D orbitals are available for now for bonding not at all D orbitals are not available for bonding now it does not have any D orbital D orbitals are missing in nitrogen correct it's a typical non-metal it's molecular size it's small yeah yeah yeah we have done with this nitric acid is also over actually now tell me sugarcane on reaction with nitric acid will give you what sugarcane is what sugarcane is what salt sugarcane is what salt or sugar sugar from the name only you can see now it has sugar correct so tell me what will happen sugar cane has sugar so we can say that it will be c6h12 o6 something like that right if that is the case then what will happen concentrated a nitric acid is an oxidizing agent right it will oxidize once it oxidizes what will you what will you see you will be getting option b okay you will be getting option b all right yes now brown ring test is used to detect nitrate ion we have just figured this out great okay all right now we are coming or with this note with this note everybody we are done with nitrogen we are done with nitrogen I think we should we deserve a cap guys we deserve a clap it has taken us a little more than two and a half hours to be able to complete nitrogen family and just nitrogen by them it's just nitrogen we are yet to go to allotropes of phosphorus and phosphorus we are yet to learn about phosphorus now guys so let's learn about phosphorus everybody now phosphorus has okay phosphorus has three different allotropes okay phosphorus is the second element in the nitrogen group if you remember yes what is the last electronic configuration it will be neon 3s23p3 3s2 3p 3 right what is the electronic configuration everybody if you remember it will be neon then 3s2 3p3 that is the electronic configuration of phosphorus isn't it now phosphorus belongs but phosphorus has three allotropes do you remember I told you that nitrogen does not show allotropic nitrogen does not have any allotropic forms but all the other elements they do you remember that yeah you do isn't it so nitrogen does not show allotropic form but phosphorus does now phosphorus everybody you must have seen that it has three allotropes that is white phosphorus red phosphorus black phosphorus white phosphorus red phosphorus and then black phosphorus also has Alpha form and beta form are you understanding white phosphorus red phosphorus and then you have black phosphorus which is in Alpha form and beta form okay so first let's learn about white phosphorus the white phosphorus everybody it is it is very very very reactive okay remember again everybody I will take the this thing okay thank you Rama thank you so much you know again if you remember combustion and Flame chapter do you remember combustion and flip chapter from class eight and what is it that you learned spontaneous combustion do you remember spontaneous combustion do you also remember that phosphorus when it is just taken out exposed to air what happens it burns and which was for the phosphorus it was the white phosphorus it is the white phosphorus that if you just expose it to air it will randomly Catch Fire because of spontaneous combustion it goes through spontaneous combustion now the question is that why does it go through spontaneous combustion why cannot it be just stable do you know why is it so unstable and why it goes through combustion that's because that's because let me draw the structure for let me draw the structure for this white phosphorus and you will understand that what is happening here okay so the white phosphorus but choose it kind of looks like this okay p p p and p right now this is how it is connected this angle right here is actually 60 degree 60 degree that means they are very very very close to each other right it's not 90 it's not 120 if it is 90 or 180 that means it is far away 60 is very close to each other if it is so close to each other now do you understand that the lone pairs the lone pairs that this phosphorus has they are going to try and repel they are going to try and repel they are going to say that no no we don't want to be so close no we don't want to be so close no we don't want to be so close right so what will happen when they try to repel now what happens the angle says that uh this is not happening there is a strain in the angle this 60 degree is in a lot of stress okay this 60 degree is actually not able to manage it just like that it's not chilling it's under a lot of stress because both the lone pairs are pulling it apart and because of this train now what happens is this P4 the white phosphorus is very unstable now what happens the moment you expose it to air it burns and it bonds with dense white color fumes so something that you read in your class 8 is proven to you now understand understand everybody yes understand this this is your white phosphorus now this white phosphorus why does it give you dense white fumes right I just told you that it when it burns when it burns what happens is it gives you white dense fumes why because of this p4o10 what is forming P4 o10 this P4 wrote and how is it forming P4 plus 5 oxygen when it is reacting it is forming P4 rotate this p4o10 is a dense white color in nature okay now here is one reaction that you probably should know and the reaction is everybody as you can see if you take P4 and if it reacts with sodium hydroxide if it reacts with sodium hydroxide aqueous sodium hydroxide yes what will it give you it is giving you phosphine and this reaction is necessary this reaction is necessary in some time we will also read about phosphine at that time we will see that ph3 is important so pH 3 plus 3 n a h2po2 that is sodium hypophosphide okay is this clear guys is this clear now we come to red phosphorus okay now red phosphorus is not very unstable red phosphorus is not unstable you know why because it has a polymeric nature what is what does it have it is less reactive it has a polymeric nature what do we mean by polymeric Nature very simple very easy check it out what are we doing we will remove the lone pair and that will be connected to another one so that means it will be somewhat like this okay p p and p and p and then this will react again here will be another for another unit of this and another unit of this yes so it will continue and continue and continue because of this polymeric nature it is a less reactive okay it is less reactive okay now how do you form this red phosphorus how do you form this red phosphorus this red phosphorus is actually formed from the white phosphorus only but why after heating it at high temperature high temperature and my dear students very high temperature 573 Kelvin impact yes it is formed at 573 Kelvin at inner temperature and do you see something do you see something for several days the reaction takes place in several days yep several days several days everybody not just one day or two days now that I have told you both the reactions of white phosphorus and red phosphorus now you tell me what is present in your match boxes what is present in your match boxes do you think that if you take out the matchbox do you if you just take out the Matchstick does it burn does it go for spontaneous combustion no that means it is definitely not white phosphorus right that means it is definitely not white phosphorus okay now if it is not white phosphorus then what is it there what is present there what is present there is it red or is it is it black what do you think you guys tell me you guys decide by the way one more thing that I've forgotten is see in this white phosphorus do you see that one phosphorus is bonding one two three there are three bonds if there are three bonds then what is it forming it is forming sp3 hybridization tetrahedral shape makes sense everybody yes make sense of nonsense all clear guys all clear great now how do you form this black phosphorus and I just told you that this black phosphorus is basically present as Alpha black and there is beta black as well both of them are formed when you heat the red phosphorus okay you take the red phosphorus and then when you heat it at further high temperature see from white phosphorus at 573 Kelvin you got red phosphorus Now red phosphorus when you heat it at 803 Kelvin you get the Alpha Black phosphorus okay it does not oxidize in air all right it does not oxidize in air and it has an opaque monoclinic or rhombohydrail Crystal all right yes rhombohedral Crystal all right everybody then beta black phosphorus that you have that you are hitting it at lower temperature okay beta block is formed at 473 Kelvin if you heat red phosphorus once again you will be heating red phosphorus but you will be heating it at 473 Kelvin and it does not burn in air up to 673 Kelvin my dear student that means that beta black is not present in your mastic Alpha Black is also probably not present in your a mastic what is present is your red phosphorus okay all right yes everybody all right yes cool now let's go to phosphine everybody but before that each of the following is true about white red and red phosphorus except tell me are both soluble in CS2 are they are they are they what do you think guys what do you think insoluble in H2O as well as cl to CS2 so that means that this is wrong can be oxidized by Heating in air consists the same kind of atoms can be converted into one another all of them are right okay all of them are right okay everybody yes yes now yes see terms and conditions applied okay that was analysis of past previous year questions now what if NTA suddenly decides to to change so later on you can't come back and blame me for that okay there is terms and conditions applied past five to ten years of question paper analysis says that most of the questions do come from those chapters but what if suddenly they change it then I am not I cannot be held responsible so please know that yes majority of the questions do come from those chapters but yet again I cannot take the responsibility for NPA all right yes now let's take a look at phosphine yes I just told you that phosphine is also something that we are we will have to study about so everybody how can we prepare let's take let's let's take a look at let's have a look at the preparation of phosphate so how do you prepare phosphate you take calcium phosphide okay you take calcium phosphide what is calcium phosphide remember when Force when when when phosphorus reacts with a metal what does it form it forms an ionic ionic phosphide yes so you will be getting calcium phosphide calcium phosphide when it reacts with water it will give you calcium hydroxide and ph3 this is our interest okay this is our interest okay all right now now in laboratory by white phosphorus in laboratory we can use white phosphorus and see what we can form okay we will take P4 and we will make it react with sodium hydroxide plus water what will it give us it will give us sodium hypo phosphate say remember I just told you some time back see see this sodium hyposphate plus ph3 and exactly that is what we are doing to prepare it see we are preparing it all right then what you can do is you can take hydrolysis of metal phosphide okay you can take two na3p or you can take calcium phosphide any metal phosphide if you take and then if you add hydrolysis what do you mean by hydrolysis add acid to it you can add hydrochloric acid or you can take sulfuric acid and then what will you get you will once again get phosphine everybody okay well you will once again get phosphine everybody yes so basically basically we have understood that these are the ways to get our phosphate okay these are the ways to get phosphine all right yes music gamer if you start fighting with my students I will have to block you from the channel don't do that you don't want to study you can use the keyboard as much as you want you can do whatever you want but do not disturb the students who are studying from here you do that this is your last warning you do that I'll have to block you okay you don't understand English there is also Tamil Channel there is also Telugu Channel there is also a Hindi Channel there is also Malayalam Channel you can go and learn from there all right there is nobody who is asking you to you know just sit here and listen to me only but if you want to listen to me you will have to participate in the academics and not whatever is surrounding you okay not all of these crappy things that are happening so don't do that anyway guys okay now what happens is there is also a little bit part that is your phosphorus halides okay what is phosphorus allies basically basically what is happening is phosphorus when it reacts with the halogen phosphorus when it reacts with the halogen like chlorine bromine iodine or anything then you get your for then you get phosphorus halide so for example if you take white phosphorus and if you just make it react with chlorine yes you just have to basically heat it you take dry chlorine take some phosphorus heat it you will be getting pcl3 what is pcl3 it is phosphorus trihalide okay we are not talking about pentahaloid yet but phosphorus halide can be trihilite as well as pentahaloid right everybody moving on you can also take thionil chloride okay if you take thionine chloride what will happen you will be getting pcl3 all right if you take white phosphorus with excess of dry chlorine then you will be having pentahalite limited amount of dry chlorine you will be getting try highlight more amount excess amount of dry chlorine you will be getting pentahalite okay and very similarly once again everybody if you take SO2 cl2 okay by the action of so2cl2 yes last time we took ethionine chloride but this time we are taking so2cl2 we will once again have Penta halide okay now what are the what are the properties of phosphorus allies what are the properties the properties are that it is colorless it is oily liquid and it hydrolyzes in the presence of moisture if there is moisture it will hydrolyze okay all right and then there are some reactions that you can go through and we I will be giving you the PDF any which ways at that point of time you can go through okay this is the part that I am leaving it on you now pcl3 reacts with water to form what we have just seen see pcl3 reacts with water to form what see what does it form h3po3 what is h3po3 plus HCL option b is the correct answer got it everybody yes now we come to Oxo acids of phosphorus everybody remember phosphorus can also show you phosphorus can also show you minus 3 plus 1 plus 3 plus 4 plus 5 it does not show you plus 2 plus 2 it can show but only in certain Oxo acids so we are not going to look at the plus two oxidation state let's take a look at the plus one oxidation state at plus one oxidation state it is going to be h3po2 what do we call it we call it as hypophosphorus what do we call it hypophosphorus okay then we have in plus three oxidation state in plus three oxidation state we call it Ortho phosphorus for us okay then we have in plus 3 and plus three there are two and there are two compounds there is pyrophosphorus H4 p205 pyrophosphorus okay then we have plus 4 oxidation state and there is only one compound in plus four oxidation state where we have hypophosphoric acid then we have plus five oxidation state where we have h3po4 and that is orthophosphoric acid this is super super important in many many many J Mains as well as in je advanced paper you will see that Oxo acids of phosphorus questions have come so please have a look at it everybody okay then we come to plus five now there are three compounds from plus five oxidation state everybody plus five oxidation state you also have pyrophosphoric acid that is H4 p2o7 and then finally you have plus five oxidation state that is metaphosphoric acid hpo3 n okay all right the preparation part is also there in your ncrt if you want I will add that picture from ncrt because I do have the ncrt if you don't have and if it is removed don't worry about it I will add the picture in here and I will give you the PDF so that you can learn the preparation but preparation they might ask you mostly what they do ask you is the oxidation state and how many how many it's in and how many pop Bonds are there how many oh are present is it mono basic is it try basic is it is is it die basic these kind of questions they ask in your J means got it now everybody what did I say what did I say here are your structures everybody here are your structures yes all you have to do is just practice the structures very very very important it is absolutely important for you to know the structures of Oxo acids of phosphorus yes you I think you can do it I think you can do it write down the formula and then start drawing the structure this is the only way to practice practice it I'm sure you will Ace it okay now here is a question strong reducing behavior of h3po2 is due to what is h3po2 everybody what is h3po2 we have just seen that is hypophosphorus yes hypophosphorus do you see it has one p o h it has one p o h 2 pH and there is one p double bond o see p o h here is one p o h two pH and there is one p double bond o so that means that there are two h plus ions that can be given out isn't it yes presence of one oh group and two pH bonds High electron gain enthalpy of phosphorus High oxidation state of phosphorus is not in high oxidation state of phosphorus it's only in plus one presence of two oh groups and one pH Bond what is the correct answer see I just told you there are two pH bonds there are two pH bonds okay all right that is the correct answer now which of the following statement is not valid for Oxo acids or phosphorus orthophosphoric acid is used in the manufacture of triple super triple superphosphate hypophosphorous acid is a diprotic acid okay all Oxo acids contain tetrahedral four coordinated phosphorus all Oxo acids contain at least one p double bond o and p o h group the correct answer is hypophosphorous acid is diprotic we saw it the first one see c c i have just explained to you and with this node everybody class 11th P block is over class 11 P block what did we learn about we learned about the boron family carbon family and we have learned about the nitrogen families so we are done with this in the next class we will try to finish our oxygen that is chalcogen's halogens and the noble gas and I think we will be done okay all right yes all right everybody with this note I will have to say thank you thank you thank you so much I'll have to stop the session because in four minutes I have another session that is coming up and I will be telling you about the most important topics I have all the weightage absolutely absolutely data I have collected all the data not me the whole chemistry team the whole of chemistry team in vedantu in vedanta we have all collected the data and from there I'm going to tell you which topics are important which chapters are important with a proper analogy that if it is these many questions if it is this much percentage then it is then it is important or then it is not so I'm gonna give you all of these please be present in the next session I'll see you very very very soon everybody in three minutes I'm gonna see you Tara bye bye all the very best lots of love I'll provide you the PDF but after tomorrow tomorrow we will be trying to finish the p-block elements and once it is done we I will provide you with the notes as well too all the very