[Music] the next school of vedanta is please remember the problem is still the same what is the relationship between Jiva and Brahman the answer given by advaitha was that it is a is to a that is the a relation of identity the answer that gives is that the relationship between Jiva and Brahman is as a part is to a whole we are all parts of Brahman that is what answer ramanuja acharya was the founder of this sub School of vedanta proposed and he combined the monism or monism means there is only one entity called Brahman and he coupled it with the theism or the bhakti of arwar saints where some saints in the southern part of India are around 7th or 8th Century from that time onwards they he combined the bhakti worship of these arwas along with the monism of shankaracharya many people found the shankaracharya's uh Brahman to be very abstract they could not freely indulge in this Brahman so a very easy way of taking to taking them to that Brahman was to combine it with the bhakti of the arduars and in this case the Brahman is saguna it has attributes uh we will see a little more of that in the next slide shankaracharyas Brahman was something which was nirguna it did not have attributes whereas in this case it has attributes and Jiva and jagat remember these two form along with Brahman or ishwara they form the context of development of Indian philosophy Jiva jagat and ishwara so this Jiva and jagat are real they are not Maya or any such thing and they are part of Brahman but this is a very peculiar relationship that the parts are completely dependent upon the whole so the Jiva and jagat are completely dependent upon Brahman or ishwaram so this is a not asymmetric relationship it is a peculiar one-sided relationship though we are parts of Brahman we are completely dependent upon Brahman every entity in the world is part of or it is an Anga of Brahman but it is dependent upon Brahman and Moksha according to visit consists in knowing the true nature of Jiva and Brahman in this case Brahman is equated with the Vishnu which is a very well known Hindu deity mahavishnu and attaining the feet of the Lord Vishnu is the aim of every person and this is equated to Moksha now in order to get this Moksha ramayana proposed two methods depending upon our disposition we can take any one of the method ah one method is bhakti as a means of attaining Moksha to give a very beautiful natural metaphor for describing bhakti it is like how a baby monkey clings on to its mother in order to whenever it travels in this case the baby monkey has to do some work it has to cling on to the mother the mother will keep on running or jumping from Branch to Branch or something like that and the baby has to put effort into Clinging On to the mother and so that it does not fall off so you know adopting this particular method the individual or the Jiva has to put in effort in order to get Moksha or to go with the Lord on the other hand there is another method proposed by ramanjacharya which is completely surrendering to the Lord it is called prapti or sharanagathi you just fall on the feet of Lord saying Lord please take me away from this cycle of birth and death please take me to Moksha and to describe this the analogy or the metaphor of the how a kitten or a baby tiger cub if you have seen how it completely surrenders when the mother carries it so if you have seen a tiger carrying the cub in its mouth Tigress carrying the cup in its mouth The Tigress the cup will completely relax itself it will completely surrender itself and the mother will pick up the cup and they will go in this way this does not require any work on the part of the cup so in the similar way this does not require any work on the part of the Jiva the only thing I have to do is fall on the feet of Lord and say I am yours now you please take me away from this cycle of birth and death so these two ways ah ramaniyacharya proposed in order to take us to Moksha he also did not discount ritual worship or The Vedic dharmik worship just like shankaracharya also did not discount it he also Ramana jachari also placed significant importance on ritual worship of course it was important for him to read the bhagavad-gita it was important for him to read the upanishad as well as the brahmasutra but along with that this theistic worship was also very very important for him to take us to mokshab [Music] foreign