go ahead and start chapter eight this chapter is designed to prepare drivers to select the best path of travel establish a safe following distance given the road conditions manage adequate space margin around your vehicle effectively manage timing in various traffic conditions select the best based on traffic visibility and road conditions and effectively communicate with other Road users and last but not least determine whether is sa to pass other vehicles this is chapter 8 time in faith all right chapter pre-quiz please place your answers in the chat box one an adequate space margin is one that provides a driver with a Time b space c visibility or D all the above are correct correct answer is D above are correct all right a driver should maintain a minimum following distance of one call in for every 10 miles Hour 1 to two seconds 3 to 4 seconds or 15 to 20 seconds correct answer c 3 to 4 seconds question three a reasonable and prudent speed for any set of conditions is a speed that a will not result in a violation B allows you to avoid spin outs C allows you to adjust your radio while moving or D provides a safe travel path correct answer D provides a safe travel path or you should avoid passing another vehicle a as you approach a heill Crest B when the Sun is setting C when a police officer is present d none of the above is correct correct answer a as you approach a hill CR question five after passing a vehicle it is safe to return to your lane when a the other driver flashes their headlights B you can see the entire front of the vehicle you pass in the inside of rear viw mirror C you can see the front bumper in the rear viw mirror D you reach the end of your mark passing zone correct answer B you can see the entire front of the vehicle you pass in the inside rearview mirrors all right information covered in this chapter it is important to be able to select the best path for travel safe following distance can vary depending on road conditions you should create and maintain safe space margins around your vehicle and manage your time and various traffic conditions being able to Define define and recognize closing probability in closing actions the basic speed law is a good rule of thumb in various conditions and last but not least it is important to know when and how to pass other billal safely making smart decisions think about at least five examples of decisions a driver has to make think about it for about two or three seconds really quick and place your comments in the chat box all right moving on so what should you do first for every decision you make first you must evaluate your op and consider possible consequences then you must be accurate in timely and what are the factors to consider when making driving decisions a what what time to lead for Destination B what route to follow next Lane of traveling speed of travel Maneuvers to perform controls are use and methods to communicate your intentions what are the win and where two factors to consider when driving when are making driving decisions all right so you got when and where to when and where to meet other Ro users he the right away stop perform Maneuvers signal change direction change position and speed all right now what are the how much two factors to consider when making driving decisions how much to accelerate how much to De accelerate or break how much how much to turn the steering wheel how much to communicate how much to combine two or more of these actions many driver situations offer limited options all right for example each time you encounter traffic control devices you decide to confront them or ignore them and accept the consequence complex driving situations can require more critical decisions concerning your speed and path of travel you must quickly decide what to do and when to do it some of your most important driving decisions involve how you manage available time and space to minimize risk what you need to um what you need to make accurate and timely decisions you must gather key information about driving and driving conditions know the rules and gain experience in a variety of travel traffic on conditions and driving environments all right you must decide what to do when you identify example an object road conditions a potential problematic situations such as an animal and whenever possible you should choose the action that involves the least risk consider what action will help you make the decision more manageable perhaps you need to change your spirit or position too increase visibility um sound and warning or a combination of these actions all right so things to remember or some tips for good decision making all right so remember the BAM cams learn your mistakes made by your peers especially from those bam cams being well res being well rested and in good mental and physical shape to set yourself up to make good decisions don't be swayed by other people listen to your inner voice of reason prioritize prioritize safy above all ills don't be tempted to sacrifice safety for Speed and thrill seeking all right selecting the best path of travel imagine you are driving on a highway with three lanes moving in each Direction what are factors you will consider when deciding whether to travel in the left lane Middle Lane or right lane place your item put place your answers in the chat box all right let's move on all right so what does intended path of travel mean all right the space into which you can safely direct your vehicle with the least amount of risk now how should you select your travel path find the path that offers the lowest possible risk even if that path is not the quickest in terms of reaching your destination or the most interesting I can line markings help you select the best path most roads feature travel on Mark lines that are 10 to 12T wide if lanes are not marked imagine a 12T wide carpet rolled out ah head of your vehicle using this imaginary path for steering and control but take take care to use it only as a reference point never allow your eyes to become fixed on any one point or object rather keep them active and moving roadway conditions also help you select the best intended path the type of Road surface in this condition the state of repair can influence the driver's ability to manage risk for example one if one lane is smooth and the other lane is Lane the pavement is torn up and bumping the smoo lane could be the better one to be in items and debris on the roadway present additional hazards when possible select the best path of travel on roadways are in good condition road conditions if the path of travel selected has steep shoulders and ditches covers utility P trees s post curves or poth holes the risk increase or damage could result conditions influence your trust path also F Vehicles directly ahead usually means fewer speed adjustments on your part so seek out the lane with the least the least traffic which result in smoother overhaul driving let a path of travel is a continual process of deciding which options are best as traffic conditions change depending on the circumstances even the shoulder of the road can be your best choice it is not just initially SE selecting a path and being done with it choosing the best path is an ongoing part of driving question that you should ask yourself When selecting your path of travel which path offers maximum visibility heels curves and instruction other vehicles limit how far you can see always position your vehicle so you can best see and be seen which path provides the most space to the size you need to know space to the size of your vehicle to minimize risk from intrusions on your plan path of travel you also need space to ride and Escape path an extra room to allow for possible errors which path provides the smooth and slow of traffic when all vehicles move at reasonable speeds for the existing condition traffic moves smoothly the path of travel car the smoothest traffic flow us provides the most driving space and the best lines of sight and which path provides the best roadway service rough and slippery road conditions reduce traction uh require jobs to slow down and increase the chance of error rough road Services Also may alter your vehicle suspension alignment and avoid poor Road surfaces when possible so Lane positions how many are there there are three lane position one is centered in the lane position two is closer to the left [Music] side closer to the left side of Lane near the yellow line and position three are the vehicles close to the right side lane near the white line so position one is centered there um and then that Lan is appropriate for normal driving conditions position two is most helpful when a bicyclist emergency vehicle is on the right shoulder when the driver is prepared to turn left lane position three is most helpful when a large oncoming vehicle approaches for when the driver is preparing to turn left remember the D and read the road stands for big Donal of space and this is a good concept to have when knowing how to manage space is your adequate Space mod around your vehicle and taking into account breaking distance and speed what should you maintain adequate space you should maintain adequate space between your vehicle and all objects ahead behind into the size of your vehicle stages of stopping how do you know how much space how much clear space ahead you need for the speed you are going your stages of stopping remember our perception distance reaction distance and breaking distance how does speed affect your stopping distance the faster you go the longer it takes to stop but it's more complicated than that each additional mile per hour you travel dramatically increases the stopping distance thus the stopping distance from 40 mph is just not double the stopping distance from 20 mes hour it's much longer what does reasonable and prudent distance mean when driving drivers should establish and maintain adequate space between your vehicle and a similar vehicle ahead of you what is the 3 to 4 second following distance rule it is the time interval you should allow between your vehicle and a similar vehicle ahead of you on days with ideal visibility dry payment and a safe alternate path of travel if you are a tentative if you are a tentative this interval gives you enough time to stop quickly if it is necessary and safe to do so if it is not safe to stop this interval gives you time to steer into your previously identify alternate path of travel space provides protection around your car it gives you time to react and when you effectively scan the traffic scene you gain information you need to maintain enough space around your F at all time a driver's best friend is empty space space provides protection around your car although it won't keep vehicles and other obstructions away it does give you time to react when you effectively scan the traffic scene you gain the information you need to maintain enough space around your vehicle at all times the goal is to always know how much space is open around you this is one of the more common crashes about 30% of all crashes involve a rear impact collision and all of them could be prevented with more space it doesn't matter if the vehicle ahead stops suddenly without any warning and it doesn't matter why it stopped remember your speed at any given point also affects how much space you need in front of your vehicle the faster you go the more room you'll need to stop and the further behind you need to be in clear dry conditions you should stay between 3 and 4 seconds behind the car ahead of you that should give you enough time to slow or stop if the driver ahead Slams on the brakes for something you can't see fortunately there's an easy way to establish a 3 to 4 second following distance at any speed here's how to do it while you're driving behind another vehicle pick out a fixed Point ahead such as an overpass or a light pole then as the rear of the car ahead passes by that point start counting out loud 1,1 1,2 13 and so on you want your count to reach at least three before the front of your vehicle passes by that same point if you pass by the point before you count to three drop back find another landmark and count again keep in mind that 3 seconds back is the minimum amount of time and space that you should maintain between Vehicles having 4 seconds ahead would be even better but there are times when an even greater following distance is necessary such as when you're driving on a wet or slippery surface here 4 to 5 seconds back is more appropriate depending on how slippery the road is another time when it's wise to leave more space is when you're following large Vehicles such as trucks buses and RVs you need to be farther back behind these vehicles to have enough visibility ahead you'll also need more space when it's foggy or snowing both of which limit your visibility A good rule of thumb in these cases is to increase your following Distance by one additional second for each adverse condition for example if you're following a truck in the rain your following distance should be closer to 6 seconds back if you're hauling a heavy load or pulling a trailer keep a bit more space between you and the car ahead your vehicle's extra weight will increase your stopping distance regardless of how far back you are from the vehicle ahead have an alternative Escape path in mind at all times just to be safe this will give you plenty of time to respond to anything that happens and it's a comfortable way to drive even if you do a great job of maintaining enough following distance behind the car ahead eventually you'll have to stop behind another vehicle and where you stop is very important stop far enough back so you can see the rear tires of the vehicle ahead of you plus a few extra feet of pavement this extra space will allow you to move around the vehicle if necessary and finally a little extra space is a good idea when you stop behind anyone while heading up a hill they may roll back a little after they release the brake to sum it up keeping space in front of you is important a 3 to 4 second following distance strikes a good balance between the need for safety and the need for everyone to get where they're going the failure to maintain enough space ahead is a very common error made by new drivers and even many experienced drivers remember regardless of what other drivers do you control the space in front of you it's your responsibility what steps do you take to verify that you are at least 3 seconds back from the vehicle ahead identify a stationary checkpoint ahead such as a such as a road sign light post Shadow across the road or another fixed object as soon as the rear of the vehicle ahead of you passes the checkpoint count 1 1000 2 1000 31000 Etc when the front of your veh reaches that checkpoint stop cting if you reach that checkpoint before you have finished counting 3 to two second 3 to four seconds you are following too closely allow more space ahead and measure again using another fixed object your space donor also extends to the sides whenever possible you should avoid driving alongside another vehicle on either side how could you avoid that situation safely decelerating slightly and briefly will usually separate your vehicle from another vehicle next to you if that is not possible keep at least one car's width of space to at least one side of your vehicle space to the size is precious because it is um an area that you can move into if you need to it may seem it may seem that you do not have a choice regarding whether another vehicle drives alongside you but you do it's all about how you adjust your speed to keep space open and to set one side I'm sorry it's all about how you adjust your speed to keep space open to at least one side so we're going to learn more about it in this video about space Not only do you need to maintain enough space to the front of your vehicle but you also need to leave space to the sides although it takes a little effort you should strive to have one car width of space to at least one side of your car at all times when practical it's even better to have this much space on both sides of your vehicle that's because even though modern cars can stop quickly there won't always be enough room to stop before hitting something ahead of you in that case steering into the space on either side will be more effective as long as you've made sure to keep those side spaces open if you're blocked by another vehicle that space is not available to you and your options are reduced how do you establish space to both sides of your vehicle it's actually pretty easy all it takes is an easy lift off the accelerator pedal to add a car car lengths worth of space to the side it's one thing to identify a clear space but it's another to move into that space safely fortunately there are techniques that help new drivers merge and enter traffic safely when you decide to enter traffic begin searching early to find a safe gap between the other vehicles one with room to accelerate up to a safe and legal speed the Gap should be large enough to give you at least a 3second space cushion to the front and the same amount to the rear don't rely on other drivers to let you into a gap that isn't large enough be absolutely sure that you have a long enough Gap in traffic before committing to your merge aborting the maneuver during acceleration can be dangerous when Crossing or entering traffic you need a big enough Gap to be able to accelerate from a standing start which can take several seconds on City or residential streets where cars are traveling from 25 to 30 mph that means about half a block out on the highway this space represents about two blocks what are examples of areas with reduced space a road that narrows ahead a road that reduces the number of lanes from four three or to one a road that reduces from 24t to 18 ft in width what what obstructions can make Road shoulders narrow or unavailable for escape Bridges poles size of Hills High curvs and park cars which space around your vehicle is the hardest to control it is the space to the rear you have very little control over that space it is controlled more by the driver behind you than by you but there are safe ways to respond and reduce your risk if you are being tailgated what does tailgate mean tailgate means that driver is following your vehicle too closely indeed space to the rear is the hardest to control but there are techniques to Safe safely respond if you are being tated let's learn more about what to do in that situation now that you've learned how to leave space ahead and to the sides of your vehicle let's talk about the space behind you not surprisingly the space behind you is the hardest to control that's because it's mostly up to the driver behind you there's not a lot you can do about a tailgator you can't speed up because you'd cut into your margin of safety in front the best thing to do is simply keep going until it's safe for the vehicle behind to pass then ease your foot off the accelerator this encourages the tailgator to pass and makes it easier for him to get by in extreme cases it's even worth pulling off off the road to put space between you and a possibly aggressive driver if you have to slow down try to alert the driver behind lightly tapping the brake pedal a few times before actually starting to slow down will do just that by maintaining enough space around your vehicle at all times it will be much easier to avoid colliding with objects that start to come too close how can you encourage a tailgator to pass you slowing gradually and moving to either the right side of your lane or even to the shoulder if it's safe to do so what should you do if you must stop suddenly signal clearly move to the Rose shoulder if necessary to avoid a crash be aware of the shoulder surface gravel sand and drop off height from the pavement to the shoulder what should you do to avoid doing something if someone is following too closely behind you tap your brakes or hitting them hard a brake check this maneuver is extremely dangerous and can cause a rear end crash so please avoid that at all cost your main concern is objects that could enter or main where in your 4 to 5 Second final response Zone to help prevent Tropa in this space maintain an adequate space margin leave space for hidden hazards avoid driving and packs being so close to so many other vehicles is very risky it is far better to drive on your own away from other vehicles drive your own trip move into a lane in which vehicles are traveling closest to the speed in which you wish to drive establish a safe following distance from the last car in the pack then reduce your speed by 2 or 3 miles per hour and set your cruise control if the road surface is dry not only should you create space for dangers you can see but you should also reserve some space for potential hazards that you cannot see it is same thing with mental attention you need to reserve some attention to handle the unexpected if you are distracted you are overloaded and thus cannot respond to unexpected events think of a situation where timing makes a big difference when driving think about the situation and while timing matters why is proper timing a key to safe driving proper timing is important because many crashes happen when drivers are not paying attention to the right thing at the right time proper timing may involve adjusting vehicle speed what should you do when an object moves into your 3 to four second space Zone ahead get your donut back you must know whether you should change your speed and how much to decrease it or increase it your decision depends on your ability to judge when and where objects might enter your path of travel during strong Crosswinds what kinds of vehicles should you avoid passing you should avoid passing large trucks any cross winds will be in full effect to the front and rear of a large truck but will decrease or disappear as you are driving next to the truck maintain control of your vehicle as you reenter a crosswind after passing a large truck it can be difficult driver should always consider their driving priorities your top priorities are critical driver control actions managing your speed managing your space and managing your path of travel what is closing Pro um probability the chance that a vehicle another vehicle Road user will move close together as they move along project the paths of travel closing actions closing action include changing lanes entering an intersection a pedestrian walking into the street between Park cars and tailg common traffic conflict situations oncoming cars they can cross the center line and enter your lane or pull into your path as you turn or pass another vehicle even on freeways Vehicles can cross meds and jump guard rails resulting in side angle and headon collisions merging and exiting Vehicles entering exiting emerging Vehicles typically close in on your travel path at side angles usually as they are either slowing or accelerating they may also be changing lanes or merging from a parked position on the side of the road on freeways Vehicles merge from ramps and acceleration Lanes in addition cars and trucks carrying wild loads can s swap your vehicle while passing or being passed three cars ahead of you drivs ahead of you traveling in the same direction can suddenly increase your risk in two ways a driver ahead may stop suddenly or swerve or a driver of a vehicle and an adjacent Lane May L swerve into your lane these drivers could be avoiding a vehicle or object in the roadway or experiencing mechanical difficulty causing a loss of control in either event a crash can result Vehicles behind you drivers falling too closely behind you can crash into the rear of your vehicle if you stop suddenly five intersecting vehicles and pedestrians in in traffic can pose a serious threat when crashes occur at intersections it's usually because drivers Run Red traffic lights and fail to obey stop signs pedestrians bicyclist and animals also can suddenly Dart into your path of travel let's learn about these most common conflict situations and how to prevent them or respond to them if needed even though it might be nice to be the only one on the road most of the time you'll be driving along with many other types of roadway users you'll likely be sharing the road and communicating on a regular basis with large trucks bicyclists motorcycles and even emergency vehicles from time to time fortunately there are guidelines for how to share the roadways and what adjustments you may need to make along the way to accommodate others on the road the main way to prevent conflicts and collisions among roadway users is to share the roadway system and to understand that different users are given different priorities one key to reducing the chance of a collision is to know where collisions are most likely to occur that way you can more easily recognize a risky situation and be extra cautious around other Road users there are at least five common potential traffic conflict situations first oncoming Vehicles pose a great deal of risk because they can cross into your path and cause a head-on collision one of the worst types of crashes to experience the second situation in involves merging Vehicles cars either moving into or out of the flow of traffic or entering from the side it could be another vehicle that is merging into your lane or you may be the one moving into or out of the flow of traffic third vehicles just ahead of you represent a risk cars to the front may slow down abruptly or quickly swerve to avoid an object in front of them on the other hand the car next to you could swerve into your lane completely without warning fourth Vehicles behind you may be following you too close when should you search for closing actions you should search continually smart drivers never stop searching or other Road users closing in on them when valuating other Road users what questions will you be faced with how would you judge will an oncoming driver suddenly attempt to turn left across your path look for Clues such as signals and turn wheels will the driver ahead slow gradually or make a sudden aggressive stop will a vehicle arrive at an intersection at the same time as you will a driver behind you be able to stop quickly if you also stop quickly will a vehicle parked along the road suddenly pull out and move into your path of travel the key question to be answered [Music] [Music] driver on the right side at the intersection what sort of speed related errors might a driver make in properly adjusting speed driver approaches stop or Year signs at too high of a speed drivers approach and enter turns to fast drivers drive through curves and excessive speeds driver does not adjust speed to compensate for reduced visibility traction or space what kind of space or distance judgment errors could a driver make poorly judging distance or space requirements a driver follows another vehicle too closely driver swings wide or turns too sharply driver passes or overtakes other vehicles improperly driver selects improper l or position when turning what sort of vehicle control errors do drivers make inadequate or improper vehicle control driver breaks suddenly or steers too quickly on low traction surface driver steers through turns poorly examples hits curve with inside wheel driver uses improper seting position what sort of signaling errors can drivers commit improper signaling driver fails to Signal when turning or changing lanes driver improperly or inappropriately uses four-way emergency flashers driver gives false or misleading signals such as signaling too early or signaling too late failing to Signal failing to cancel the signal what sort of timing errors could a driver commit faing to adjust their speed to deal with only one Hazard of time quite frequently you will encounter multiple hazards at the same time and place if you do not adjust your speed to deal with them one at a time you will be squeezed in side by side and your risk of crashing will be much higher instead of slowing down just a little bit you can deal with each Hazard separately and it provides an opportunity to meet a moving object and a place with more space or increased lines of sight what is it called when you adjust your speed and deal with one Hazard at a time it is called separating it is very useful in areas of reduced visibility and reduced space What are some examples of separating multiple risk to reduce risk time your arrival instead of driving between pedestrians and an oncoming car you should reduce your speed let the oncoming car go by first and then pass the pedestrians when you are able to give them plenty of room instead of passing by the vehicle on the narrow bridge slow down and let the oncoming vehicle clear the bridge before entering the bridge yourself when faced with multiple risk and separating is not possible what should you do you must compromize this involves putting more space between you and the hazard with the greatest risk slowing down is still a very good idea when compromis for example you may have to pass by a bicyclist with oncoming traffic on the left by moving to the left side of your lane you are putting more space between you and more and the more vulnerable Road user this gives them more protection in case something was to go wrong think about four possible consequences of driving too fast in a given situation selecting the best speed under what road condition do speed limits posted on black and white regulatory signs of apply they apply under ideal driving conditions the road must be clear dry and with freely moving traffic basic speed long driving a reasonable and proper speed for the conditions what is a reasonable and prudent speed for particular conditions it is a speed that gives a driver a safe path of travel the ideal speed provides time and space to break and or steer to a safe alternate path at least 4 to five seconds ahead if an emergency develops if you drive too fast you will not be able to stay in your intended path or stop in time to avoid a crash your choice of speed is one of the largest factors in how much space you maintain around your vehicle the right speed Choice can give you plenty of room to respond to an emergency but driving too fast by even just one mile per hour can result in a serious crash with the possibility of injury to you and others let's learn more about how to choose a speed that gives you the most space possible speed getting there fast is why many people drive instead of walk and it's why there are highways like these unfortunately not all drivers adjust their speed to match driving conditions as a result driving too fast causes over a million and a half crashes each year speed also makes collisions worse as your speed increases from 55 to 65 mph the chances of dying in any crash double and from 55 to 75 those chances triple also speeding increases your chance of experiencing a crash why is that well the faster you go the longer it takes to stop if you need to like when someone pulls out in front of you if you're going 60 MPH it will take you well over 100 ft to stop that's too much distance to stop before you hit this vehicle which is why it's so important to adjust your speed based on what you see just in case the other driver doesn't see you and pulls out in front of you although your reaction time is pretty much the same at any speed your braking distance increases at a much faster rate for example a vehicle going 40 m per hour needs three times as much distance to stop as one traveling 20 mph not twice as much and a vehicle going 60 MPH needs nine times as much stopping distance than a vehicle going 20 mph the lesson here is that even though going faster may get you there a few minutes sooner your risks increase substantially how quickly you want to reach your destination is not the only factor that affects how fast you drive in fact there are three factors that affect how much stopping distance and maneuvering room you have and thus how fast you can drive these are traffic road conditions and visibility first we'll take a look at how traffic affect your choice of speed the more car as there are on the road the less room there is to maneuver and stop that's why most speed limits are set based on the amount of traffic driving on that particular section of road as well as where traffic can enter the road the key is to adjust to both the speed limit and the actual amount of traffic on the road around you at any one time one way to adjust to traffic is to go with a flow Cars Moving in the same direction at the same speed rarely hit one another crashes tend to happen when one driver is going faster than the other cars on the road constantly changing lanes also increases the chance of a collision since you don't have the road entirely to yourself you'll almost always need to make adjustments to accommodate other vehicles and adjusting your speed is a quick and effective way to do that traffic is one of the three things that determine how fast you can safely travel another factor is the type of Road on which you're driving and the condition of that road in a curve the responsibility for controlling your car's path through the turn rests on the front tires if you're moving too fast for the curvature of the turn the tires can lose their grip and your car can slide right off the road if there's a posted speed limit before a curve believe it in fact curves often turn out to be sharper than they appear A good rule of thumb is to complete any braking you need to do before you enter a turn that way you can avoid overloading the tire's grip and experiencing a skid safe speed is also affected by the surface of the road and conditions such as rain snow and ice we'll address these later when we consider the effects of weather which brings up the last of the three items that affect safe speed visibility or the lack of it the crests of Hills can hide surprises the best way to avoid an unpleasant surprise is to approach a Crest at a speed that will allow you to stop for anything that you might find in your way blind intersections and driveways also need to be approached with caution visibility can also be affected by the weather just like the surface of the road this will be addressed in a later segment well you've seen how speed can affect your ability to deal with traffic the road you're traveling on and your ability to see and how in turn each determines how fast you can safely drive the bottom line is this just because there's a speed limit on a particular Road does not mean that it's safe to drive at that speed there may be many factors in play that will cause you to reduce your speed what are three major factors that require you to adjust your speed changes in line of sight changes in traction and changes in space in terms of visibility and line of sight what determines a safe driving speed the distance ahead that you can see along your projected path of travel for example if you can only see ahead 200 feet because of fog or heavy rain and you are traveling 55 miles hour you have not left yourself the 200 35 to 275 ft needed to stop safy therefore you will need to reduce your speed how does field of view help you determine a reasonable imprudent speed you must be able to see both sides of the roadway you must search intersections driveways and other roadside areas if your field of view is blocked you must reduce your speed what can reduce traction on the roadway inclement weather you would need more time and distance to stop on snowing ice you may need 8 to 10 seconds or more to stop safely what should you identify that we approve provide a valuable Guide to the reasonable anding speed at which you should travel an adequate stopping Zone if you have less space ahead your speed must be reduced a big Dona of space around your vehicle how much information can the average person collect in one glance five to seven bits of information what are some examples of bits of information numbers letters Sy signal lights flashing what are some examples of things or events that will require several glances reading an overhead sign or sign along the roadway taking note of what other Ro users are doing what risk reducing maneuver are you left with if there's not enough room to put more space between you and a nearby risk you're left with the option of adjusting your speed but speed adjustments are powerful they are very frequently enough to get the job done and to reduce risk you just have to take that action lifting off the accelerator and smoothly applying the brakes when it comes to speed and space the closer you must pass by an object the slower your speed should be passing other vehicles what does it mean to pass another vehicle Why do drivers do this it means to go around them possibly because they are stopped or traveling too slowly what are some important considerations when passing another vehicle or being passed on a two-lane road using time and space effective why is this a very challenging driving maneuver because of high speed and the closing rate of oncoming traffic what question should you ask yourself prior to passing is passing legal is passing safe is passing worth it when is passing not legal When approaching vehicles are too close when there is a solid yellow line on your side of the center of the road and when signed specifically prohibit passing or present remember the penet shape sign from chapter 5 it was on the left side of the road other types of No Passing signs can be yellow diamond shape and black and white regulatory type signs on two lane roads When approaching a Hill Crest curve or intersection passing is prohibited Most states also prohibit passing on Bridges and tunnels near railroad crossings plus it is illegal to exceed the posted speed limit while passing after determining that passing is legal safe and worth it what other questions should you have is the road ahead clear how far away is an approaching vehicle how fast is it approaching is it possible that an oncoming vehicle I cannot see is approaching can I see far enough ahead how long will it take to pass and return to my Lane how far will I need to drive before returning to my Lane can I communicate to the driver I'm passing what I'm doing is there an inting Road or driveway that allows Road users to enter the road I'm on before I finish passing am I being passed or about to be passed how often sorry how often is passing worth the risk not very often not very often what steps should I take when preparing to pass another bill position your vehicle approximately 3 seconds behind the vehicle you plan to pass set your head for roadside obstacles and areas of reduced space and visibility search mirrors for oncoming traffic be prepared to wait for an adequate clear distance ahead at 60 M hour you would need at least 19 seconds to pass that vehicle traveling 50 m per hour an effective way to judge this Gap is to pass when ano when oncoming vehicles are so far away that it appears to be standing still better yet pass only when no oncoming vehicles are visible at all continue to search ahead for a safe passing distance you are traveling 60 M hour and plan to pass a vehicle moving at 50 mil hour you are traveling at approximately 88 feet per second which is 15 feet per second faster than the vehicle head of you if you start to pass only two seconds behind the vehicle ahead of you it would take 12 seconds just to catch up another second is required for you to move alongside the vehicle you are passing if you start passing from 3 seconds behind the vehicle in front of you the recommended interval passing requires even more time and space four use your left turn signal to communicate your intent to pass you can also tap your horn or quickly flash your highbeam headlights to alert the driver here that you plan to pass and five be sure nothing and no one is in any of your mirror blind zones the dama behind you could already be planning to pass both of you and the vill you are follow what steps should you take to pass the vehicle ahead with your left turn signal on accelerate into the oncoming Lane search the path ahead identify an escape plan if you should need one two accelerate quickly to a speed 10 to 20 miles per hour faster than the vehicle you are passing if you accelerate to a speed beyond the posted speed limit you are violating vehicle law if you need to accelerate belong the speed limit to pass safely passing is not necessary or legal in the first place remember that for passing to be lawful it must be conducted entirely in an area in which passing is permitted it is not enough only to start to pass the vehicle in passing zone you must complete the maneuver in the zone as well three concentrate on the path ahead use your peripheral vision to monitor the position of the vehicle your passing and the left shoulder of the road glance quickly at the vehicle you are passing for clues of any possible movement of that vehicle to the side and four C behind you for following traffic what steps should you take to return to your lane one check your rearview mirror for a view of the entire front of the vehicle you are passing two activate your your right turn signal three change lanes and maintain speed four cancel your turn signal five Senter your vehicle in your lane six check your speedometer and adjust your speed as necessary and that concludes the chapter