Biology Vocabulary: Cells and Cell Division

Jul 19, 2024

Review flashcards

Biology Vocabulary: Cells and Cell Division

Introduction

  • Narrator: Jer from Learning English Pro.
  • Topics: what is a cell, inside the cell, and cell division.

What is a Cell?

  • Basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known organisms.
  • Smallest unit of life.
  • Referred to as the building blocks of life.
  • Human body has approximately 37.2 trillion cells.

Inside the Cell

  • Nucleus: Center of the cell.
  • Cytoplasm: Liquid filling the inside of a cell.
  • Cell Membrane: Walls of the cell.

Organelles

  1. Mitochondria
    • Responsible for cellular respiration.
    • Energy producers of the cell.
  2. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
    • Molecule shaped like a double helix.
    • Carries genetic instructions.
    • Essential for development, functioning, growth, and reproduction.
  3. Endoplasmic Reticulum
    • Membrane system.
    • Functions: synthesis, folding, modification, and transport of proteins.
  4. Lysosome
    • Involved in digestion and waste removal.
    • Contains digestive enzymes.
  5. Golgi Apparatus
    • Made up of membrane band sacks.
    • Processes and bundles macromolecules like proteins and lipids.
  6. Ribosome
    • Protein producer.
    • Important for cell functions like repair and chemical processes.

Cell Division

  • Process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells.

Stages of Cell Division

  1. Interphase
  2. Prophase
  3. Metaphase
  4. Anaphase
  5. Telophase

Types of Cell Division

  1. Mitosis
    • Results in two daughter cells.
    • Each cell has the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus.
    • Typical of ordinary tissue growth.
  2. Meiosis
    • Results in four daughter cells.
    • Each cell has half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.
    • Common in the production of gametes and plant spores.

Conclusion

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  • Invitation for feedback and suggestions for future videos.
  • Promises of more biology and science lessons in the future.
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