Scientific Reasoning - ATIT's Version 7 Science Exam

Overview

• The science portion of the exam includes 44 items, 9 of which are scored.
• Covers:
  • Basic scientific measurements and tools.
  • Applying logic and evidence.
  • Predicting relationships among events, objects, and processes.
  • Applying the scientific method.

Units of Measurement

• Utilizes the metric system (common in healthcare):
  • Length/Distance: Meters
  • Mass: Grams
  • Volume: Liters
• Dimensional Analysis:
  • Convert units using conversion factors (e.g., meters to centimeters).

Measurement Tools

• Choose an appropriate tool based on what’s being measured.
  • Length: Ruler, Meter Stick, Tape Measure
  • Mass: Balance
  • Volume: Graduated Cylinder, Pipette
• Importance:
  • Using the wrong tool can lead to inaccurate results.
  • Select appropriate scale (e.g., kilograms for large mass, milligrams for small).

Scientific Explanations

• Use logic and empirical evidence:
  • Empirical evidence: Gathered through observation and experimentation.
  • Reproducibility: Consistent results ensure reliability.
• Cause and Effect:
  • Cause produces an effect; effects result from causes.
  • Must use empirical evidence to identify relationships.

Evaluating Evidence

• Reliable Evidence: Consistent and trustworthy.
• Valid Evidence: Accurately represents the context.
• Avoid biases using placebo groups.
• Independent Variable: Tested and unaffected by other variables.
• Controlled Variable: Not tested, kept constant.

Predicting Relationships

• Compare magnitude or size of evidence (e.g., micrometers vs. meters).
• Identifying causal relationships involves identifying sequences of events.

Scientific Investigations

• Scientific Method:
  1. Identify a problem/question.
  2. Gather information.
  3. Form a hypothesis.
  4. Conduct an experiment.
  5. Analyze data and conclusions.
  6. Communicate results.
• Hypothesis: Based on investigation, predicts possible outcomes.
• Experimental Design:
  • Include independent, dependent variables, and a control group.
  • Ensure a proper sample size for accurate results.

Variables and Controls

• Dependent Variable: Measured in the experiment.
• Independent Variable: Manipulated in the experiment.
• Experimental Controls: Conditions kept the same.

Conclusions and Validations

• Determine if results support or contradict hypotheses.
• Inconclusive Results:
  • Opportunity for further research.
  • Important to gather comprehensive data.

Additional Resources

• For more information, visit NurseChung.com.

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• Feel free to ask questions for further clarification.