Current Role of Science and Technology in the Philippines

Overview of the Situation

• The state of technology in the Philippines is described as stunted and underdeveloped.
• Despite having smart individuals, structural problems hinder growth in science and technology.
• The capabilities of the Philippines are not yet at their peak; there is significant room for development.

Comparison with ASEAN Neighbors

• In surveys, the Philippines ranks 45 out of 46 in science and 43 out of 45 in mathematics among ASEAN countries.
• Many students after K-12 do not pursue STEM-related fields, leading to a lack of scientists and engineers.
• Approximately 60-65% of high schools have science equipment; 35% rely on theoretical learning from the board.

Education System Challenges

• Hands-on experience is critical for effective learning in science.
• Filipino students are underprepared in science and mathematics.
• The lack of laboratory equipment limits practical learning opportunities.

Industrial Growth and Employment

• There is a significant lack of jobs due to insufficient industry capacity.
• 70% of the population is engaged in agriculture, which is in decline (from 41% of GDP in 1946 to less than 10% now).
• The manufacturing sector has plateaued at around 23% of the economy since the 1950s.
• The economy relies heavily on services, which do not produce tangible goods.

Economic Structure

• The economy is classified as pre-industrial, with a backward agriculture sector.
• Many Filipinos seek jobs abroad due to limited opportunities at home.
• Joblessness is increasing, especially among younger populations (52% of 18-24-year-olds cannot find jobs).
• A perceived lack of job security despite educational qualifications.

Challenges in Research and Development

• There is a shortage of experts in science and technology fields; only about 10,000 researchers for a population of 100 million.
• Experts often leave the country due to limited opportunities.
• Research funding is inadequate, and even if funding increases, there aren't enough trained individuals to utilize it.

Need for Industrial and Agricultural Development

• There is a lack of modernization in agriculture and industry sectors.
• Policymakers often resort to imports instead of developing local production capabilities.
• A focus on integrating research and development in policymaking and industry is necessary to address systemic issues.

Conclusion

• The current state of science and technology in the Philippines reflects significant challenges and opportunities.
• There is a need for strategic policy changes to foster industrial growth and improve education in STEM fields to prepare the workforce for future challenges.