[Music] the simple fact is that we've got very good prospective data now that demonstrates on average people with the highest LDL levels live the longest how on God's green earth can Appo B be such a problem so we need to go back to biochemistry a little bit and first of all apob is a really imprecise term your liver makes something called vldl which is a large lipoprotein and that is identified because it's got a single epob molecule on the surface it's like a swipe card then that vldl molecule goes through your circulation and it drops off some of its cargo because it's it's like a delivery truck and some of that cargo includes triglycerides and cholesterol and it shrinks a little bit and as it gets a bit smaller we rename it it's exactly the same particle still got that same swipe card The epob 100 on the in the membrane but we call it an IDL an intermediate density lipoprotein then it keeps finishes the delivery route delivers a bit more cargo gets a bit smaller and then it's an LDL low density lipoprotein but it's still got that single molecule on it still the same particle that was released by the liver and then it gets taken back up by the liver now the only reason it would not get taken back up by the liver is if that Appo b00 molecule was damaged that's a swipe card that allows it to get back into the liver that allows the liver to recognize it and the things that would damage it include sugar damage glycation damage and oxidation damage which you can get from seed oil so having something like a donut iced donut that's cooked in seed oil would be absolutely toxic you get the sugar damage and oxidation damage all combined you damage this epob B 100 this EPO 100 particle accumulates in the blood but you also have to understand that the Appo 100 is found on the vldl and the IDL and we know we know that LDL levels are associated with longevity but the LDL levels interestingly enough they're triglyceride Rich that's how we actually estimate how much triglycerides you have is look at the vldl the vldl is associated with mortality not longevity so we've got one group of aob containing proteins that is associated with increased life another group that's associated with reduced life and somehow we're meant to know the relative contribution of each to the apob 100 so if you looking at it like that you say there's a bit of an information Gap here and if I could do something called an LDL subtraction which we would don't need to get into now but it's just a more elaborate way of doing the test we get that bit more information now furthermore we do know that the number of these aob particles I said that if that swipe C is damaged then the LDL can't get taken out of the circulation and it will essentially accumulate in your circulation so you can end up with a whole lot of these LDL particles which do contain epob 100 on them if you've got a lot of glycation and oxidation damage going on so what that tells us is that if we do and statistically speaking having a lot of these they're basically small dense particles if we have a lot of these accumulating in our blood then that's suggested that we're having too much sugar having too much oxidation stress whatever else might be what we're inhaling from pollution what have you might be mold exposure whatever but there's something that's damaging our body and damaging our LDL and the damaged LDL is associated with the problem but not the healthy LDL e