Understanding Open and Closed Source Software

Oct 7, 2024

Lecture on Software Types: Open Source and Closed Source

Introduction to Software

  • Definition: Software is a collection of instructions that tell a computer how to work.
    • Examples include programs running on phones, laptops, PCs, etc.
    • Software runs on hardware; when executed, hardware carries out the instructions.
    • Example: In a phone, the CPU executes instructions to display apps.
  • Source Code: The original instructions written in a programming language.
    • Example: Swift is used by Apple for app development.

Open Source Software

  • Definition: Source code is made available for anyone to view, use, modify, and distribute.
  • Purpose: Encourages collaboration among developers.
    • Example: Linux, an open-source operating system.
    • Thousands of contributors improve and innovate within the software.
  • Benefits for Users:
    • Generally inexpensive or free.
    • Offers flexibility to modify or extend functionalities.
    • Community-driven vetting and testing can enhance reliability.
  • Challenges:
    • Vulnerabilities may be more exposed.
    • Not guaranteed to be fully vetted, especially if unpopular.
    • Support and updates are not always guaranteed.

Closed Source Software

  • Definition: Source code is not made public, often referred to as proprietary software.
  • Characteristics:
    • Creators maintain control through copyright, patents, and licenses.
    • Usually charged for, enabling easier monetization.
    • Users cannot see or modify the original code.
    • Example: Microsoft Windows, which is protected and not freely available.
  • Considerations:
    • Although not always free, closed source can sometimes be offered at no cost.
    • Provides more security due to the code being hidden from potential attackers.
    • Often includes expected support and updates, especially when paid.

Evaluation of Open Source

  • Advantages:
    • Cost-effective and adaptable.
    • Potential for wide community support and enhancement.
  • Disadvantages:
    • Potential for unvetted issues and security vulnerabilities.
    • Lack of guaranteed support or consistent updates.

Conclusion

  • Open source and closed source software represent two sides of the same coin.
    • Open source focuses on collaboration and flexibility.
    • Closed source emphasizes control and profitability.
  • Future discussions will include freeware and other software types.