Postpartum Preeclampsia: Symptoms & Causes

Overview

• Postpartum Preeclampsia is a rare condition characterized by high blood pressure and excess protein in the urine after childbirth.
• Typically develops within 48 hours postpartum but can occur up to six weeks later (late postpartum preeclampsia).
• Requires prompt treatment to prevent serious complications such as seizures.

Symptoms

• Hypertension: Blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg or greater.
• Proteinuria: Excess protein in urine.
• Severe Headaches
• Vision Changes: Blurred vision, temporary vision loss, light sensitivity.
• Upper Abdominal Pain: Usually under the right side of the ribs.
• Nausea and Vomiting
• Shortness of Breath
• Decreased Urination

When to See a Doctor

• Immediate medical attention is necessary if signs or symptoms appear shortly after childbirth.

Causes

• The exact causes of postpartum preeclampsia and pregnancy-related preeclampsia are not well understood.

Risk Factors

• Gestational Hypertension: High blood pressure post-20 weeks pregnancy.
• Obesity
• Multiple Pregnancies: Twins, triplets, etc.
• Chronic High Blood Pressure
• Diabetes: Type 1, type 2, or gestational diabetes.

Complications

• Postpartum Eclampsia: Preeclampsia with seizures, potentially damaging organs such as the brain, eyes, liver, and kidneys.
• Pulmonary Edema: Fluid accumulation in lungs.
• Stroke: Disruption of blood supply to the brain.
• Thromboembolism: Blood clot blockage.
• HELLP Syndrome: Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count causing nausea, vomiting, headaches, and upper right abdominal pain.

Prevention

• Consultation: Discuss signs and symptoms with a healthcare provider.
• Baby Aspirin: 81 mg may be recommended during subsequent pregnancies to prevent preeclampsia.
• Lifestyle: Active lifestyle and healthy diet are encouraged.

Presented by Mayo Clinic Staff, August 17, 2021