Political Ideology and Social Policy

Jul 15, 2024

Political Ideology and Social Policy

Introduction

  • Unit 4 of AP Government curriculum
  • Focus: How political ideology shapes social policy
  • Objectives:
    • Explain how political ideologies vary on the role of the government in addressing social issues
    • Explain how different ideologies impact policy on social issues

Political Ideologies and Social Issues

Libertarian Ideology

  • Core Belief: Minimal government involvement
  • Social Issues:
    • Marijuana Legalization: Government should not interfere
    • Abortion: Government should stay out
    • Education: No government needed
  • Summary: Libertarians lean conservative on economic issues but lean liberal on social issues regarding privacy

Liberal Ideology

  • Core Belief: Broad personal privacy, limited government intervention in private matters
  • Social Issues:
    • Abortion: Private decision, no government regulation
    • Marriage: Gender of spouse is private, no government interference
    • Marijuana Legalization: Should be left to individuals
  • Contradiction: Favor government involvement in economic issues (poverty, education, business regulation), but want government out of many social issues

Conservative Ideology

  • Core Belief: Mixed approach—less government in some social issues, more in others
  • Social Issues:
    • Abortion: Not private, should be government-regulated
    • Marriage: One man and one woman as per government mandate
    • Gun Ownership: No government regulation
    • Education: Prefer minimal government intervention, more personal decision
  • Summary: Favor government intervention in some aspects, reject in others for social issues

Supreme Court Cases Illustrating Ideological Tensions

Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992)

  • Issue: Abortion regulations (24-hour wait, parental/husband consent)
  • Liberal View: Unacceptable restrictions
  • Conservative View: Positive movement to reduce abortions
  • Outcome: Upheld Roe v. Wade but also upheld Pennsylvania's restrictions—a mixed result

Zellman v. Simmons-Harris (2002)

  • Issue: Education vouchers used for religious schools
  • Liberal View: Violates First Amendment's establishment clause
  • Conservative View: Supports freedom of choice in education
  • Outcome: Favored conservatives—did not violate establishment clause

Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)

  • Issue: Same-sex marriage
  • Conservative View: Government should prevent non-traditional marriages
  • Liberal View: Government should not interfere in marriage choices
  • Outcome: Favored liberals—same-sex marriage legal in all 50 states

Conclusion

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  • Heimler out!