Class B Regulations for Aircraft

Introduction

• Class B regulations allow safe flying of small propeller-driven aircraft during night and bad weather.
• Focus on rules and performance targets needed to fly Class B aircraft under these conditions.

Understanding Class B Aircraft

• Definition: Aircraft with:
  • Less than 5,700 kg maximum takeoff mass.
  • Nine or fewer passenger seats.
  • Propeller-driven (piston or jet engine).
  • Single or multi-engine, with restrictions on single-engine use.
• Single Engine Restrictions: Cannot be used for public transport at night or in IMC.

Performance Regulations Overview

• Aim to ensure safe and legal operation.
• Set requirements for takeoff, climb, cruise, and landing phases.

Takeoff Regulations

• Mass Restrictions: Must be below maximum structural takeoff mass.
• Runway Considerations:
  • Use takeoff distance multipliers based on runway conditions:
    • No stopway/clearway: Takeoff distance × 1.25 < Takeoff run available.
    • With stopway/clearway: Use most restrictive calculation among different multipliers.
  • Adjust for runway surface and slope:
    • Grass runway: Multiply distance by 1.2 (1.3 if wet).
    • Adjust for slope: Increase takeoff distance by 5% per 1% upslope.
• Wind Adjustments:
  • Only consider 50% of headwind.
  • Consider 150% of tailwind.

Climb Regulations

• Initial Climb:
  • Both engines: Achieve at least 4% climb gradient.
  • Critical engine failure at 400 ft: Must achieve positive climb gradient.
  • Continued climb to 1500 ft with a reduced gradient.
• Obstacle Clearance:
  • Clear obstacles by 50 ft in departure sector.
  • Use net takeoff flight path calculations for obstacle clearance.

Departure Sector

• Defined dimensions based on wingspan and distance from runway.
• Consider obstacles and adjust takeoff mass if unable to clear.

Cruise Regulations

• Maintain flight above minimum safety altitudes.
• Avoid reaching coffin corner by observing climb rate limitations.
• Plan for engine failure descent gradients.

Landing Regulations

• Weight Considerations: Land below maximum structural landing mass.
• Runway Usage:
  • Land within 70% of planned runway available.
  • Consider runway altitude, surface, and slope.
  • Apply wind adjustments similar to takeoff.
• Go-around Procedures:
  • Ensure climb gradient post-landing is sufficient.

Summary

• Emphasis on understanding and applying CAP 698 document for exams.
• Key focus is on takeoff and landing regulations for Class B aircraft.
• CAP 698 document provides detailed guidance and is a valuable resource for exam preparation.