okay right so here we are so now we are we are actually starting with the first chapter of the uh form four okay this is the first chapter of the form four so at this particular time probably you guys haven't start with your phone point last time I started but majority haven't start with your form four all right so one important thing is that you guys must understand for your Bachelor for this batch of form four and form five generally generally you have very weak Foundation your foundation your fundamental is considered relatively weak compared to previous batch or some of your seniors the reason is because when you were in your form one form two even your form three uh is due to MCO so you might don't have a proper learning experience because for online teaching it might not fit everyone some people during online teaching they might do nothing working like the teacher is teaching but this scholar is sleeping and no one will able to know about it okay so and then second thing is because uh they demolish the the pt3 examination so now you have no exam literally you have no pt3 exam you have no UPSR exam so now one of the problems for many students is that many students they don't know what is their weakness they have no idea at all they don't know what they don't know yeah they don't know what they don't know right so that is a big issue that's why I will start from scratch I'll teach you from very beginning okay I'll teach you for I'll assume you know nothing issue from very beginning so it might go a bit slow in the in the first place but the intention is this because in our class we have different person with different learning capabilities some are very smart but some are very weak so if I go too fast those persons who are weaker cannot follow so that's why I will go in a pace which is quite slower so that everyone can follow okay all right so let's start that okay so for your form four okay let me give you a quick overview first uh for your form four chemistry they are total eight chapters okay there are total eight chapters in your form four chemistry you can actually ignore your chapter one chapter one is just a introduction okay chapter one just talk about something stupid like okay uh what you need to do what you need to do in scientific study like okay making hypothesis change the variable making observation inference this and that so chapter one just something basic which you can ignore you can ignore it totally so that's why we will start with chapter two today yeah so we will start with chapter two Today Chapter One really got nothing to shout about okay so we'll start with chapter two so today is consider quite a honeymoon day for you all because most of the concept that we learned today is something you learn back in your form two and form three okay uh so it's relatively Chiller it's quite relaxed today but okay I want you guys to pay attention as well so this chapter that we will start is called atomic structure okay so tissue from scratch and then I'll do a lot of uh questions with you all so that you know how to apply whatever knowledge that we have learned okay so the first thing when we are learning atomic structure okay the first thing that you need to know okay the first thing that you need to know is this okay you need to know some of the uh Basics idea okay so the first idea you need to know is called matter okay hold on just a moment all right just a moment now okay sorry so the first thing you need to learn is called matter Mata okay what is matter you learn about matter back in your uh lower secondary okay so matter in order to be metal you must fulfill two requirements matter is considered a chemical substance okay method is any substance anything that actually fulfills two requirements the first one that's Mass so this substance must have some mass and then it must occupy space anything has has mass and occupied space is called method 4X example okay let's say we're talking about a bricks brics has a mass okay let's say the bricks s is two kilos okay and then the bricks occupy a certain space so it is a matter so let's say for us human we are metal because we have mass and we also occupy the space okay very good I can see the reply from shining and also Cecilia very very good okay so these are the two important requirements for a matter fantastic okay so even something you cannot see here is also a matter I'm not talking about goals huh okay what are something that you cannot see but it's a matter for example air we cannot see the air right but air has mass air also occupies certain space or volume so air also a matter yeah so anything has mass anything occupied space they are considered as matter okay secondly so the second concept that you need to learn is that okay all the matter is made by something smaller all the matter they are actually made of all the matter they made of some tiny and also discrete particles okay all the metal is made of tiny and discrete particles okay so which means what every metal is made by something even smaller so I believe everyone know what what is Tiny so guys do you mean do you know what do we mean by discrete do you understand what do we mean by discrete type yes or no in the chat box do you know what do we mean by discrete all right good thanks for replying okay many people don't know why okay discrete means what discrete means that can be separated can be separated so matter is formed by something which is smaller and then can be separated okay what do I mean okay let's say assuming that we have a house is house a matter yes house has mass and house occupied space so house is a matter house is made by tiny and discrete particle so house is made by something smaller what is it for example house is made of bricks so the bricks is the smaller building block of the house okay so the bricks is the smaller building block of the house and then discrete can we separate the the bricks yes the bricks we can separate them so let's hold this grid so metal is made by something smaller and then can be separated okay so that's it okay the next thing you must know is this whenever we talk about the word particles okay whenever you talk about particles in chemistry there is only three types of particles that you need to know okay when I say particles in chemistry there are only three you need to know okay the first particle is called atom the second particle is called molecule the third particle is called ion atom molecule and ion I'm very sure that majority of you heard about this republicle but quite a number of students they are not able to differentiate they are not able to distinguish or tell the difference between atoms molecule ion any one of you here you cannot differentiate atom molecule or iron one okay if you cannot differentiate atom molecule iron can you type a me in the chat box so that I know I'm aware of it any one of you cannot tell the difference between atoms molecules and iron any one of you if you cannot differentiate type of me homie thank you again nothing to be embarrassed you are here because you want to learn so it's okay for you to to let me know you don't understand I'm here to help you okay all right good right so quite a number of you don't know how to differentiate atoms molecule ions so let me teach you what is atom what is molecule and what is iron in a very simple way I don't want you to look at the textbook because textbook will give you a very long boring explanation no need okay a very simple way to differentiate atoms more like your Ion is this okay let me give you some keyword this keyword is written in the red color here atoms is somebody who are alone so if you are alone you don't have any friends you are at them for example okay for example okay so let's say carbon carbon is alone carbon has no friend at all carbon is atom aluminum Al is aluminum aluminum is alone it didn't combined with anything it has no friend so it's atom okay let's say another one mgmg is the symbol for magnesium no worry yeah you will learn all these things very soon mg is a symbol for a substance called magnesium so magnesium also a load it has no friend so it's after that's it okay what about molecule so molecule we call it as non-metal gang a non-metal gang okay when I say gang gang means what must have friendline if you only alone you are not again right if you want to have a gang you must have somebody to to go together with you so when non-metal and non-metal combines together where non-metal and non-metal combines together it is molecule all right so c mean you say carbon dioxide absolute yes it is okay so let me give a few examples here let me give you a few examples let's say we use the example given by Selena carbon dioxide carbon dioxide is a molecule yes because carbon dioxide is made of carbon which is non-metal oxygen which is non-metal okay so when non-metal and non-metal combine together so they are molecules okay so let's say another one water water is made of hydrogen hydrogen is a non-metal water is made of oxygen oxygen also a non-metal so when non-metal and non-metal combine together it's a molecule okay let's say we have nitrogen gas and two nitrogen gas is made of N2 N2 means what two nitrogen combined together so this nitrogen is a non-metal this nitrogen also a non-metal so when non-metal non-metal gang together gang means what combines when non-metal non-metal combined together they are molecule right that's it last one okay the last thing that we need to learn is called ion what is Ion ion is somebody who got charged somebody who got charged it's iron example okay let's say we have seen something like this n a plus this further got a charge so it's ion al3 plus this further got charged it's ion O2 minus this further got charged so if you see the top right corner top right corner got charge that Furler is an ion so anything that got charged is ions as simple as that okay so when you come to ion there are two types of ion out there one is cat ion and one is an ion okay cat ion and N Iona so some people pronounce as anion not anion and ion cat ion that is the pronunciation but no worry they won't ask you to pronounce that okay there's no oral test okay so as long as you know how to write it that is good enough already so cat ion is a positive ion and ion is a negative ion so if let's say you are somebody who always confused you say Sir Mr Martin I know one is positive ion one is negative but sometimes I confuse I don't know who is positive who is negative so there is a simple way for you to how to cheat cat iron can you see the T here the T looks like what positive right the T looks like positive and ion the N here n stands for n is negative right n is negative okay so from here you know already who is positive are you and who is negative that's it okay so anyone got charged it's iron okay so up to this moment so just now I think there are four to five students tell me you guys cannot differentiate atoms molecular ion you guys have a better idea now okay so it's actually very very simple it's actually very very simple okay so sometimes guys sometimes they might set a track sometimes they might set a trap okay what kind of trap they might setting okay you see huh let's say this further it's zinc oxide Zac and O So allow me to ask a single question a simple question do you think this folder is an atom yes or no do you think this parallel is an atom no right because obviously you are not alone you have zinc and oxygen they friend together so you're not an actor do you think this Furler is a molecule do you think this follow is a molecule some will say yes ah the answer is no why The Zing is a metal the oxygen is a non-metal so Mr Martin how we know who is matter who is non-metal should we memorize it no need you don't need to memorize because in the real SPM examination in the real xpm examination you will be given you will be provided with a periodic table okay you will be given with a periodic table so period table you can check this is the group number group one group two group three blah blah blah group 12 Group 13 14 15 16 17 18. so you can check period table anything from Group 1 to Group 13 they are metal anything from group 14 onward until group 18 is non-metal you don't need to memorize by now you will learn this in your form four chapter four okay for now I just tell you you don't need to memorize who is metal who is non-metal okay who is metal who is no matter you don't need to memorize by now I can teach you a simple way to check lives here if you look at the name the name ended with something called normally there are metal examples sodium magnesium [Music] they are metal but not to say if the name don't have um is is not a metal like zinc Zing the name don't have ion but it's a metal also iron the name don't have iom it's a metal also so I would say if the name got em 99 is a metal okay but some special case like zinc and Ayah for now no need to worry so in SPM if you're not sure the substance is metal or non-metal we can do this for example today if I don't know zinc is metal or non-metal I just need to check the periodic table they give me Zing is here so zinc is here so it's below is between Group 1 to 13 so it's metal so oxygen is here group 16. so group 14 to 18 non-metal so from the periodic table then you will know the substance is metal or non-metal so no need to memorize at all yeah so it's not atom and molecule so by right it's ion isn't it buy right it's ion but what is the problem okay Mr Martin I thought you say Ion must have charge Ion must have charge do you guys see any charge here do you guys see any charge here yes or no do you guys see any charge here yes or no no right you didn't see any charge okay why actually there is a charge but they hide it the charge is hidden they purposely hide from you for your information Zing the charge is the N2 plus oxygen the charge is two minus so mathematic plus 2 minus 2 becomes zero the charge can slow up so actually there is a charge but they hide it from us then students will ask so then how I know how I know the charge they got charged since they hide it from me okay so that's why if you want to know the substance is Ion first requirement it have charge there is another special way to classify it okay if the substance is made of metal and non-metal if you see the substance is metal and non-metal combined together then it's iron as well uh so if you see your charge compound is Ion but if you don't see the charge it doesn't mean that it cannot be ironed as long as you have metal and non-metal combines they are ion example like this okay magnesium oxide magnesium is a metal oxygen is a non-metal metal and non-metal ion sodium chloride sodium chloride is the salt that we eat after the salt that we use for seasoning sodium chloride do you see any charge here no but it's an ion why sodium the name is metal chlorine is non-metal so methyl and non-metal is Ion okay so that's it so who is Ion somebody who got charged or somebody made from metal and non-metal so in this case although the zinc oxide we don't see any charges here because they hide it from us we still able to know the ion because zinc is metal oxygen is non-metal okay so that's it okay so I hope everyone have a clear idea what is atoms molecule and ion now so can we do a simple self test to check on your understanding okay so I'll give a self test so that you can tell me on the spot what is it okay so the first one okay so we will do a few self tests here the first one let's make it complicated c2h5oh wow it looks very complicated can anyone tell me what type of particle is it if you think it's atom type A if you think it's molecular type of M if you think this further is Ion type I don't need to try the full name just type the short form you think this folder is atom molecule or ion come on just try no harm trying it all right fantastic all right majority of you here okay majority of you who replied it correctly fantastic it's a more like you how are why I know Carbon is a non-metal combined with hydrogen which is non-metal combined with oxygen which is non-metal combined with hydrogen is not matter there are so many non-metals sticking together non-metal gang they're sticking together so they are molecule fantastic very very good okay so let's say we have another one here so this is aluminum oxide you think this follow is atom molecule or iron all right awesome it's Iona because although we don't see any charges here which they purposely hide it from us but we know aluminum aluminum the name so it's a metal oxygen Common Sense oxygen can't be metal though oxygen has to be non-metal metal non-metal it is Ion very very good okay so the last one you know it okay let's say I have a substance called Fe so f e is iron you come alone the iron not joined with other people so you are at them so as simple as that okay so by doing this self-test you should so I always love to give cell that so that you can test on your own understanding that's why why I say exam is necessary because only by exam then only you have a better idea what is your level of understanding that's why I'm very against the idea of like you know the demolish of the the the pt3 because when they take away the pt3 which is now replaced by some school-based examination uh it's not fair at all because some of the schools had very good fantastic paper but some of the school the exam is super super easy so it doesn't really reflect and tell you what is your current level of understanding okay so that's why from time to time I'll give yourself that so that you have idea okay I got it I understand it okay so that is the first part of what we need to learn today so today we learned about Metal we know about metal is made by something smaller and can be separated so those are particle particle means the building block okay so everyone is made from something smaller for example we as a human we are made from something smaller called cell all right so everything is made by something smaller core particles there are three particles in chemistry atoms molecule and ion so make sure you guys able to tell the difference difference between them okay so with that being State up we are all done with the first part of today lesson okay right so up to this moment are you guys okay you can understand what we learned so far in this first part of today lesson all right fantastic very good so now we will move on to the second part of today listener so the second part of today lesson I want to teach you three important words I want to teach you three important words sir then after this we'll do some exercise together radio Okay so the second part that we need to learn today is this okay there are three important words that many many students always having problem to understand it okay the first prop the first word is called elements the second one is called compound the third one is called mixture okay so many many students always had a had a hard time to differentiate these three for the elements compound and also mixture okay so what is element so element is something that made of one type of atom so anything which is made of one type of atom is called element or in short I call it one species anything made of one species is called element okay let me give you an example here I'll give you a few examples yeah okay so carbon is carbon and element yes carbon is made by one species there's only C nothing else okay zinc is it element yes you only have z n nothing else okay oxygen O2 is it element some people say sir I thought you have two over two o how can it be element so element must be one species species okay this is all this one also o they are same species they are same species so when they have same species okay they are elements let's say S8 don't get confused by the eight so all the eight color they are sulfur you have eight similar species you have eight similar atoms combined together they are element all right so please don't mess up because many people mess up between element and what molecule so question students ask sir is this O2 are more like you yes O2 is molecule because oxygen is non-metal you come up with another oxygen which is non-metal so two non-metal oxygen combined together each is a molecule is it an element yes because although you have two further combined together but these two further they are same species they are both old so they are elements so please uh make sure you all don't mess up the concept of element and also molecule so it sounds easy but trust me many many students will still start here it's very easy one but many people just don't get a clear picture or what is happening so what is compound compound is the combination of two or more elements if you take two or more species join together so those are compounds so you have two species or more join together that is called compound okay let me give you a few examples here okay let me give you a few examples okay let's say carbon dioxide is it a compound yes carbon dioxide made by carbon which is one species made by oxygen which is another species or not you have CO2 one C comma with two o this is one type of species this is another type of species when you have two species or more combines together it is a compound let's say we have okay uh aluminum sorry we have just now c2h5oh it looks complicated is it a compound yes you have one species you have second species and you have third species this hydrogen and this hydrogen is the same muscle don't count it as two you have Cho three different type of species so they are a compound let's say magnesium so uh sodium chloride the salt that we are eating sodium chloride is made by sodium which is one species chloride another species okay so that's it okay so you have more than one species then you are a compound okay guys up to this moment can you guys differentiate elements and compound so far can I all right so just look at how many species you have then you'll be good enough already I just took how many species out there all right come on one more all right so today let's say guys let's say we have a substance called w so there are 16 W combined together this is element or compound I'm in the chat box element or compound element is okay all right don't get confused by 16. I don't care you have 16 20 24 or 100 all of them are same species W you only have one species so you are elements you think you are elements okay that's it very good okay so next one okay what is mixture okay many students always mess up between compound and mixture what is the difference between compound and mixture okay any one of you here cannot differentiate compound make sure okay if you can if you know the difference between combine mixture type y for me it stands for yes if you cannot differentiate compound make sure type an end for me I want to have a quick check okay so around half some of you can differentiate some of you could do that okay come so let me share with you what is the difference between compounds and also uh mixture okay so compound mixture is this a listen listen carefully mixture means what they just mix make sure means what they only makes so they can be separated they can be separated easily so you can separate them easily that is called mixture okay for example if you take a bottle if you take a cup if you take a cup you mix some red bean and you mix some green bean can you separate the red bean and green bean yes so that's why just now when the red bean and green bean put together is called mixture because you still they only mix you still can separate them but today let's say I tell you carbon dioxide carbon and oxygen combine together can you separate carbon oxygen cannot write you cannot use your hand or I put my hand I take carbon away I put my hand I take oxy away no way you cannot separate carbon and oxygen directly so carbon dioxide cannot separate directly it is a compound ah so when something they join together and you cannot separate them easily they are compound if something they put together you can separate them easily then they are mixture so that is the difference between compound and also mixture okay so I hope everyone so far at this moment at least you get some rough idea first okay at least you get some rough idea okay so now the next thing that I'm going to do with you is this okay I'm going to show you some a good quality question now because it's always it is it is very important for us to do some good quality question don't waste your time to do some simple lousy question like reference book question I'm not really encourage you or I won't stop you I won't stop you but I'm not encouraged you ought to do exercises from some reference book wire reference book exercise can be too easy or too hard same thing textbook exercise can be too easy or too hard I have so many students told me sir I can do the exercises from this publisher palangi Longman whatever it is but I cannot do my SPM all right makes sense because it is not the author of the reference book set the question for SPM so if you really want to do the question do some good quality question what is good quality question something like this okay this is something called trial exam paper trial exam paper or we call it as the stick paper they are good quality question okay this one show you exactly how the question can be tested in SPM and I know it's SPM past year question pyq past year question okay so if you really want to do exercise please do some good quality question so now I'll run through some questions together with you all so to give you some rough idea if this question were to be tested in a real exam how how they are going to ask it in the real examination okay so can we do it together so let's try that let's try to do it together okay come on so first one this is a question from bahang okay this is the question from bahang the question asked which of the following is a method so remember matter must occupy space and matter must have having some Mass okay so you think the answer a b c and b who might be possible who has mass and who occupied the space very good the answer is C right the answer is C okay the answer is C very simple and water water has mass maybe seven kilogram of water one kilogram water and water occupied the space like for example water occupied uh upon water occupied the ocean water occupied a glass you occupied certain space very simple this is a very simple question next one this is a salon wall question okay this is a salon question same thing which of the following is a method hit no heat don't have mass right okay you cannot say okay I have seven gram of the heat no okay so although we cannot see the air right but air has mass and air occupied the space around a square occupied our surrounding so it's be very easy then next one this is a Penang paper this is the Penang paper among the substance below who is element okay let's recall back what is element that we learned today element is one species anything made of one species so water water is H2O you have H and O you have two species so it should be compound it should be compound neon neon the formula is n e no worry so I don't know the formula no worry you will learn this in form 4 chapter 4 for now for today I'll spoon feed you I'll give you the Formula First no worry on that we were learning step by step okay neon is an e do you do you do you see more than one species no there's only one species and E is one species nothing else so you are element all right oxygen some people say Sir right so oxygen okay so oxygen here oxygen is what O2 oxygen is O2 I remember oxygen is a gas most of the gas come in two like chlorine gas cl2 nitrogen gas or N2 oxygen gas O2 so most of the gas come with two so oxygen is O2 is it an element yes although you have two oxygen combines together although you have two oxygens combined together all right so but there are things you see right o and O same species so answer C also correct so B and C actually both also correct so by right the answer that the question should ask like this the question should ask which of the following substance is not an element then only your answer then the answer is supposed to be a are you guys okay with this question are you guys okay with this question so oxygen and neon both of them are one species they are both elements all right you see something on and off the question might have some problem on some time you don't think that you don't think all these questions they are like they are like you know like uh Bible they are like our Quran they never get wrong no they do make mistake one this question might have some mistake one all right uh so it's okay one at least we know what is going wrong okay next one police this is the police paper which of the following substances is made up of one type of atom so what actually they want one type of atom means one species one species uh so it's element so let's look at it isn't it got oxygen La a got carbon dioxide a also got some water air got so many things mixed together and not La cannot be element okay iron iron is fear symbol of I is Fe you'll learn very soon Fe one species no other things is element yes this is C something we're missing naphthalene okay what is naphthalina naphthalene is actually something called more for what is more for morph ball is like a white color thing that you put in the cardboard to get rid of cockroach so if there's some cockroach we've got some lip bals Okay to prevent chicha yeah to prevent chicha you put this white color ball this is called naphthalene okay this is called naphthalina okay so naturally what is the chemical formula you don't need to know by now okay but I'll give you like I'll give you the formula for naftalina okay so don't feel bad if you don't know the formula for Natalie it's okay one right you don't need to purpose team you don't even need to purposely memorize it naturally it's C 10 h8 so naturally is made of 10 carbon and eight hydrogen so you have carbon you have hydrogen you have more than one species you are compound you're not Element last one water water is H2O water got H and o two species so it's compound so the best answer is B okay so you all can see all the questions that we are doing now they are good quality questions they are the real format of the question this is exactly how they can ask the question in the real examination in a real examination sometime there's only three answers sometimes the question got four answers yeah it doesn't matter it doesn't matter okay next one this is a spp 2022 so SBP is called circola but us Rama but not the boarding school the boarding school which they set very good quality very hard fantastic question okay among the trial exam paper SBP and mrsm they are the hardest they are the hardest these two all right they set very very good quality questionnaire so let's have a look so which type of particles is neon so everyone can we do a one minute revision particle means what the smallest thing okay in the matter so particle means it can be atom it can be molecule it can be ion all right so neon what is the formula for neon and E okay so can you cut in the chat box do you think the neon is atom molecule or iron here you guys start in the chat box you think neon is an atom molecule or ion all right very good okay so far so good all right good is atom y neon come alone you only have an e you didn't combat with anything you have no friend you are atom so if you have no friend you are at um yeah right so can it be Iron no iron must have charge or is metal or non-metal so these swellers don't have charge this further don't have metal and non-metal so it is obviously not ion a little bit more like you molecule is non-metal and non-metal gang stick together you only have one one substance you don't have gang you are alone so you are not molecule so the best answer goes to be okay that's it so here we are so we have completed the first page of our exerciser right so you see we have completed one two three four five five question or from trial exam paper yeah so not very highlighting so now let's try another few more questions then we can go on and continue with something else okay so let me show you uh another three more question then we move on to learn something new today yeah next one this is a para paper this is the para paper in year 2022. among the substances who is at the same thing for today I'll give you the Formula First magnesium is mg nitrogen gas is N2 remember most of the gas got two one many people thought nitrogen is n no and two most of the gas got two naphthalene the mothball okay C10 h8 no need to memorize that lead bromide pbcl pbbr2 all these formula no need to memorize yeah right so who is atom atomies alone who is alone magnesium no Frank okay magnesium it has no friend so that's why the proper answer is a yeah that's it okay so next one okay who is element element means what one species anything consists of one species ammonia the formula is NH3 no need to memorize for now methane methane is CH4 no need to memorize huh naphthalene the mothball c10h8 oxygen the formula is O2 so can you guys talk in the chat box let me know who is element all right obviously it is the okay so not very hard isn't it so you see not so all these are real trial exam questions which can be that easy because many people thought I trial exam paper must be very hard no they can be quite easy as well okay so now let's look at it who is a compound so remember what is compound compound means they cannot be they cannot separate one I cannot separate one okay uh they mix together already very hard to separate okay so compile is made for more than one element when you're more than one species combined together you are a compound so can we write the formula here water H2O is water a compound yes okay is water a compound yes okay right a very good question here okay everyone if you look at the chat boxing you say more than two atoms no okay it should be more than two different atoms because this is if you have all two oh tree do you have do you have more than two atoms yes you have three atom but are you a compound no although you have three atoms but all these three atoms they are the same type of atom so if you want to say yeah what is compound you should say more than two type you should say two type of atom you cannot say more than two atom only okay because these two atoms can be same type okay uh since you are you mentioned this inning so allow me to correct you it's okay uh so that's why it's okay one so when you mention it at least I know what is the mistake you are making and then you learn you learn from that that's what I say the more you interact with me the more you learn okay because if you keep quiet I have no idea how to help you yeah okay next one go so goal is a you are you don't even know the formula for gold like do you have something inside the gold no all right so what a got nitrogen a got oxygen a got carbon dioxide a got water inside La okay so do you think air is a compound yes or no guys do you think a is compound yes or no guys a is compound or not yes or no is air a compound my question to you all is air a compound all right Cecilia very good is a mixture it's a mixture very good okay it's a mixture okay so because why the nitrogen gas and oxygen gas can separate the oxygen and carbon dioxide can separate water also can separate so you can separate all these gases one okay all the gases in the air you can use some technology to separate one if you can separate them they are mixture they just mix only nitrogen oxygen they mix together they didn't combine and form something else so it's not a compound it's just a mixture okay so carbon is C okay only one species so it is an element so who is a compound water water is made from hydrogen and oxygen so you have two species combined together so it is a compound that's it all right simple as that all right last question before we move on last question before we move on to learn something new today all right here we go okay yeah this will be the last question we do to get to before I move on to learn something new one okay this is a okay so which one pair which one which pair they match correctly so this one again the formula I will spoon feed you today I'll give you the formula first okay I'll give you the Formula First up all right the first one ammonia is NH3 so magnesium is mg sodium is n a copper sulphate is cuso4 when you do objective you can use elimination method anything impossible just throw it up after means what alone somebody who are alone is ammonia alone no you have nitrogen be befriend with hydrogen you have a few things combined together so you are not alone so a is off magnesium are you alone yes you have no friend sodium are you alone yes you have no friend copper sulfate are you alone no you have copper befriend with sulfur be friend with oxygen so when you have friends you are not alone so wrong so the A and B is out already so now you only focus in b or c okay so this is how we do objective cancel all the impossible answer first second one Mercury Mercury the formula is HG lithium oxide formula is li2o okay now they say ion what is Ion somebody who got charged or metal non-metal combines together so Mercury do you see any charge no do you see metal and non-metal no you only have mercury only one Furler so you don't have two things mixed together so cannot so wrong so lithium oxide color are not correct lithium oxide is iron white lithium the lingual so it's metal lithium the name of M is metal oxide come from oxygen oxide means oxygen so lithium is M so it's metal oxygen is non-metal metal and non-metal so yes it's ion so from here we know the answer is C so guys can you type in the chat box and let me know are you guys okay and do you guys understand how I solve this question so far is I want you to learn the strategy how I approach the question okay there's many students many students they are like this you know they understand the concept but they do not how to apply they don't know how to apply anything they have learned in the real examination they don't know how to tackle the question okay so that's it okay so we're gonna right so now we are we are done with the second part of today lesson already okay so the second part of today lesson we are learning something about elements compound and mixture okay come on let's move on to the third things that for today lesson up so the third part for today lesson so I want to teach you something to do with uh state of matter okay so that the next thing that we need to we need to learn is these are okay so I called it as the state of matter so when I say state of matter means what state of matter means when you see the word state means you are solid you are liquid or you are gas are you a Sonic are you a liquid are you a guest okay now you learn about this back in you learn about this pack in your uh what we call that uh pd3 you learn this back in pt3 form one yes you learn this back in form one but there are some improvement there are something different compared to your phone form okay because now you learn again from phone four and four one what you learn will be slightly different now okay what is what are the differences between what you learned in form one and form four so allow me to show you one let me show you here okay so listen carefully yeah so I want you to pay attention on what I'm good what am I going to tell you for the next 10 to 15 minutes huh okay so let's look at it solid liquid and gas okay so one of the things this in SPM they love to give you a box and asks you to draw the solid asks you to draw the liquid and ask you to draw the gas okay they give you a box and say draw the arrangement for solid draw the arrangement for liquid and draw the arrangement for gas okay so that's it so in pt3 if you draw this as the solid like this if you draw this as the solid in pd3 you will get Puma you will get Puma if you draw this as solid but if you give this exactly same answer in your in your SPM you get zero exactly same answer if you do if you give this answer in SPM is zero why so now that's why I say when you come to SPM they are a little bit more particular they're a little bit more particular okay what do it means but a little bit a little bit more particular listen listen carefully yeah so when you draw solid in SPM You must draw minimum three times three what do you means by minimum three times three you must draw minimum three row and three column okay three row three column which means what I need to see minimum nice Circle here one two three like for example sorry yeah like this okay so you see this is first row second row third row this is First Column second column third column minimum need to draw this so can I draw more Handler I say mean imma more is okay but don't go lesser minimum three times three so just now if you look at my answer why is wrong only got two row and three column cannot you must have minimum three row three column that's it okay so that's what you need to do okay all right second thing so if I draw a box I draw like this okay so make a wild guess how many marks I'll get for this question if the full Mark is one how many questions how many I'll get okay very good I'll get zero one I'll get zero why so I thought you same draw three row three column can already okay so what's the problem here when you draw a solid you must make sure the Box must be only occupied must be full you cannot let the Box got any empty spaces cannot right the whole box must be full okay like this okay one two three four one two three four one two three four that's it I hear got a little bit empty space okay it's okay all right doesn't matter so you see minimum three row and very minimum space okay so that's it so can you guys see the difference between form one and form four you see a difference between formal and Pom-Pom so in form four there are more particular they are very strict they are very particular so some things that can give you full mass in form one maybe give you zero marks in form four so please please please be very careful okay how you draw the liquid how you draw liquid back in your form one so liquid okay you just need to draw something like this okay okay if you draw like this zero no marks why okay so liquid when you draw it so liquid you must draw like this a small gang of four to six atoms or four to eight atoms okay you must draw four to eight atoms in a gang okay and then you must draw a few gangs okay so what do I mean like this okay one Gengar so one two three four five now this is one gang one two three four five maybe six and then again okay so this is liquid one gang one gang every gang about four to eight atoms and can you draw like this guys can you draw a liquid like this huh can you draw a liquid like this one one two three four five six seven one two one two three one two three one two three can we do like this liquid can we do like this okay cannot ah right why we cannot roll like this because liquid cannot be dead orderly one liquid cannot be sold orderly so uh like proper Arrangement no so liquid you must make sure that it is less orderly uh you cannot draw like so a neat very neat very orderly like this cannot okay it must be a little bit raw job a little bit raw jar like this you see like you don't you cannot see the pattern on a pattern like this better like this also they have different pattern what liquid cannot be like very squarish liquid must be a little bit pattern pattern okay all right so next one guess so what how you draw the gas back in your so-called uh form one right diesel this is exactly what you learned when you draw the gas okay in form one can you draw like this in SPM yes okay if I draw like this can it be gas yes or no if I draw like this can it be gas yes or no if I draw like this can it be gas yes or no because I want you guys to reply yes or no can I draw like this for guests so some say yes some say Noah right the answer is yes there's many many students they misunderstood they thought the guests must be only one piece NOLA who say the guest must be one piece only for example oxygen gas O2 how many you have two the O2 two oxygen two oxygen two oxygen okay cl2 chlorine and chlorine chlorine and chlorine chlorine two piece also can be gas no people say that yes must be one piece only they now allow me to ask you a question if I draw three pieces like this can it be a gas yes or no three pieces can it be a guess if I draw three pieces like this can it be a guess yes or no okay the answer is yes again no people say that guests must be one people can be three people then some people say Sir huh gas got three people wanna carbon dioxide carbon one piece oxygen two pieces total three pieces more ten is possible one so don't think gas must be one piece like that no can be two piece three piece even four piece also ten like four pieces four pieces four pieces is okay as long as they are far apart as long as they are far apart you see like this one and this one they are far away this one and this one far away as long as they are far away they are yes okay and liquid normally is closer like if even if you want to make it more obvious liquid okay make it even closer like you see coming like this okay ah liquid liquid is closer one yes they are far apart a they are far apart and then yeah that's it all right you're very very far apart okay so that's it so please please please don't think gas must be one piece only no that's wrong okay that's wrong yes not necessary only one piece no two pieces three pieces four pieces is okay as long as they are far apart okay so you see this is something which is very easy that you lay from one but you can see in form four it sounds it looks quite different already okay so please be very careful please be very careful okay next one so now I want to do some comparison yeah I want to do some comparison among them okay so sometimes they may ask you to draw the arrangement sometimes they may ask you to describe so describe means you must put in words like so how you describe the arrangement of solid how you tell people the story about this so solid what kind of arrangement that you need to have you need to get you need to get for me I said let me write it down so the first comparison is I want you to talk about the arrangement so tell me in words so for solid what kind of arrangement they have here so this very very so you can see the solid all squeezed together so squeeze together is called closely pack so pack means squeeze together and they are very close you can see they almost like sticking to each other so they are closely packed second thing you can see solid they have a very proper order right very nice order so we call it as orderly very orderly okay very orderly so when you come to liquid liquid what you can see liquid do they still squeeze together yes they still sticking right they're still sticking a lot together so they still closely packaged it's still close the pack okay but not as close as this one or this one squeeze sticking each other so this one lasts closely less closely back and then this Arrangement not so orderly right not so orderly so don't say this order wrong this order means no pattern at all you still see some pattern but the pattern not as nice as this one line so you use the word less orderly so very easy La just copy the answer here just put the word less less or less okay simple as that so when you come to the guest so the guess what happened they are very far away from each other right so they are far apart do you see any specific pattern for guests no the guest can be like something like here something go here something go here something go here something over here no pattern at all so if no pattern at all don't write the word disorder don't write the word disorder this order is not a proper word write the word random so they have random arranged but render means what the arrangement is very hard to predict very hard to predict so that is called random okay so that is something called Arrangement okay so guys up to this point are you guys okay with the arrangement of solid liquid and gas in words description I guess okay how to describe the arrangement of solid how to describe the arrangement of liquid and gases in words so there are two important skills you must know how to draw and how to write okay two things with some students they know how to draw but they don't know how to write so you need to know both yeah you need to know both are draw and write both also important that both also important so that's why I say it's easy but we always lose the Mark here and there so please please please be careful so the first thing yeah so the second thing what else we need to know the energy so all the energy in the particle is called kinetic energy because there's so many types of energy out there kinetic energy electrical energy potential energy there's so many energy out there so all the energy in chemistry we call it as kinetic energy so very simple so solid all the particles stick together they cannot move so if they cannot move means what they have no they have very low energy so solid not much energy okay so that's why they cannot move here and there they cannot move here and there because they have very very little energy like they have very little energy only so very low so if I don't write very I write low calorie pan okay so liquid can move a little bit if it can move a little bit means what you are slightly more energetic than this huh so you can write the word more direct okay you can write the word moderate energy so keep gas have many many spaces you can move here and there so yes they can move here and there if if we can move a lot miss you have a lot of energy you can say very high if you don't want to put the word vary you just want to you just use the word hi also can you can say low moderate and high without the word vary it's okay it's okay yeah so next one you need to know something about the force of attraction so the particle they always have some force of attraction so force of attraction you can imagine like this the glue the glue to get it like this person and this person they holding their hand together is sticking together that is called force of attraction if you stick with somebody you have a strong force so now you can see for solid everything stick together you have a lot of blue so when you have many many glue the force of attraction should be very very strong same thing if you don't want to write the word vary if you only want to write the word strong it's okay it's acceptable okay liquid do they glue together yes they glue together but not as much as solid right solid everything sticking together this one's still got some space like a little bit space lock okay so the force of attraction will be in the middle of moderate okay so for the gas you can see they hardly glue together I think this one this one this one they are like far apart they didn't stick into each another so the force of attraction should be very weak so quite easy lah that's why I say what we learned today is not so hard today is honey Mona quite simple but they still have something that you need to pay attention starting from next lesson you will see the whole thing will get a little bit more challenging already yeah okay so I hope none of you feel very TP for today because what we learn is quite easy so the last thing is core movement okay so who is moving particles the particle is moving okay so all these particle they are moving so what kind of movement they have slowly as you can see you don't need to purposely memorize you know Common Sense look at the picture solid everything stick together so imagine if let's say everyone glue together if let's say this further hold the hand with this one hold the hand with this hold the hand with this fella if everyone is holding their hand together everyone's sticking together is it easy for you to move around no right it's very hard to move around because everyone's blue together so what kind of movement we have actually listen listen carefully this is something that you never learn in your pp3 as well when you talk about movement in chemistry there are total three types of movement all the particles they have three types of possible movement one is vibrate okay like this the particle like this the particle they can like vibrate okay this is one type of movement okay the second types of movement is rotate they also can rotate like this huh like this particle you can see here all right so I can like this okay I can rotate you see that yeah I can rotate so this is another types of particle then only the third one is they can move freely okay they can move freely like this okay now move freely means this from here go to here go to here so you have three types of open y break rotate and then move freely okay so because when you come to your form one most of the school the only tissue is move they didn't teach you about vibrate or rotate any one of you learn about vibrate and rotate in form one anyone type in the chat box let me know any one of you do you learned about why break or rotate in form one do you learn that dealer vibrate and rotate in Pokemon all right some say yes some say no that's why all right so different school have different way of teaching all right some say yeah some say no okay it doesn't matter it doesn't matter most importantly you learn it today yeah you learn this today so it's okay right it's okay as long as you know you learn it today yeah all right so that's it so three types of movement okay so now let me show you so the first one is vibrate second one is rotate the third one is move freely okay so again you don't need to purposely memorize guys I just want you all to use some common sense so suddenly do you think you can vibrate yes like this solid can you vibrate yes you can vibrate here you can vibrate at the fixed position okay can you rotate yes you can rotate right you can rotate like this can you move freely no you're going to move here stop you know move your stuff so there are two things you can do you can vibrate you can rotate but you cannot move freely so liquid what you can do so let's take a liquid here so let's say liquid so this one this particle so liquid can you actually vibrate yes can you actually rotate yes can you move really yes you see this whole thing okay like it move like this this one more you see I can move when I say move not to say one atom move one they can move together as a whole gang it's okay one yeah all right so yes so they can do all the three things here you can do all the three things here okay yes yes and yes so when you come to gas obviously you can do hola okay obviously you can vibrate obviously you can rotate and you can move freely because you have so many space you have so many space you can move here and there you can move to any places you like because you have so many space in between here all right so that's it all right uh so that's what we need to know okay so done so this is the third part that we need to learn today yeah this is the part number three for today okay state of matter okay state of matter so guys again I need your response okay let me know in the chat box how is it I guess okay with what we have learned so far foreign all right so now um let me see is there any questions that we can do is there any question we can do before we move on a little bit more let me see ah all right oh yes I think we can do a few more questions or maybe one question okay I think we can do one question first okay we can do one question okay then only move on to learn part four today yeah right so today we will learn five parts okay today we will learn five parts in total so we already completed three parts so far so we have two more to go so let's look at one question first uh let's look at one question okay so this is a question from Malacca Melaka uh question paper so they give you the arrangement of the particles for three material which is pqr at room temperature okay so this one obviously is a guess this one obviously is a solid and this one is the liquid line very obvious okay very obvious so who are the substance PQ and R okay so very easy like this one okay so p is guess so let's shortlist the gas first key is a guess is bromine a gas you will learn very soon bromine is a brown color liquid okay you'll learn that very soon huh bro means the liquid so it's out oxygen is a gas oxygen is a gas magnesium is a metal metal is a solid metal exists as solid so no so the answer a and Donkey is out already so now let's look at Q so Q is a liquid that what you say as a q is the solid sorry Q is a solid so now we shortlist the answer B and C bromine bromine is a liquid like what I say bromine is a brown color liquid so it's outla I want a solid right so magnesium is a metal so it's a solid so yes I think we got the answer really C okay so very simple so we do objective question if you have no idea what to do or how to start first of all you eliminate you throw away those answer which is wrong okay you throw away those answer which is wrong okay uh you see even let's say if I throw it answer a and Donkey I want to Tamper I want to try my luck B and C 50 50 okay so when you throw away those wrong answers it increase the chances for you to get it right yeah so simple as that this is a very simple skill okay that's it okay now let's move on so now the next thing that I'll teach you is this okay so the next thing we need to know is called change of the state of matter so now we know already solid liquid and gas so now the next thing is change of a change in the state of matter okay so when you want to change from one state to the other state when you want to change from one state to the other step the other states okay so what is it okay so listen listen carefully yeah change in the state of matter so we have solid okay so I I copy like this okay sorry like this solid we have liquid a few smaller gang cluster like this and then we have a guess okay like far apart okay so they can change from one to other okay so again this one not very hard you learned before huh you learned before but I just want to make it a little bit more clearer for you okay I want to make it a little bit clearer for you huh okay let me adjust a bit in my notes okay all right so now let's look at it okay solid change to liquid the process called melting yeah everyone know that liquid change to gas the process called boiling another name is called Eva or ration okay you can call it as boiling you can call it as evaporation okay now a few things I want you to know are okay the red color Arrow the red colored color arrow means what this process needs to heat you need to hit the solid to melt it to make it become liquid you need to heat the liquid to make it boil or evaporate okay so the red color arrow means you need to heat it okay now I want to answer a question so guys can you all differentiate can you tell me the difference between boiling or evaporation yes or no can you differentiate boiling and evaporation yes or no okay come on type in the chat box let me know there are two differences between boiling and evaporation what is the first one what is the first one what is the first difference between boiling and evaporation boiling versus evaporation there are two important differences between boiling and evaporation can anyone tell me okay very good I see you okay actually I got I got two answers already okay the first one okay so yeah guys you all can read the chat box if you wanna the first one see me see me say boiling happened at 100 yes or no no boiling not only happened at 100. the one that you're talking is about water only water boy at 100 what if I want to boil bromine is it 100 no what if I want to boil a magnesium is it 100 no okay so 100 degrees Celsius only to boil water you don't think every substance 100 know what that's wrong okay so okay so the first thing is this area must know boiling happen at boiling point only so boiling only happened at Boiling Point on it boiling happened at Boiling Point only all right like if I have water I must boil at 100 if let's say I got uh alcohol it must boil at let's say 55 degrees celsius if let's say I got zinc it will boil at maybe 300 so the only boy at their own boiling point only yeah number two evaporation can happen at any temperature evaporation happens at any temperature for example today if I take a cup of water today if I take a cup of water which is 100 ml I put in a air conditioner room air con rumor after three days 100 ml becomes 70 ml where is the 30 ml gold the 30 ml liquid actually become gas already so is this a boiling no because boiling you need to heat my you need to heat to 100 degrees Celsius Mark for water but now I put in air con rumor so cold so cold still can become guests so this is evaporation evaporation can happen at any temperature okay any temperature also can have evaporation so that is the first one second one boiling happened in the entire liquid boiling will actually take place or happen in the whole liquid in the whole liquid that's why if you heat a water if you boil a water you see bubble bubble means gas that way you see the bubble in the entire water you not only see the bubble at here you'll not only see the bubble at here you not only see the bubble at here you normally see the barber again you see the bubble everywhere why boiling happen everywhere in the whole liquid so evaporation only only happen at surface like for example your 100 mL of water if you put an egg in in aircon room so which one will become gas surface the surface will become gas first then only go down right so evaporation only happen on the surface of liquid it only happened on the surface of liquid so these are two important differences between boiling and evaporation if you never know this before I hope you have a better idea after today so you must know boiling and evaporation both of them change the liquid to gas but they are different boiling you need to heat it to the boiling point evaporation no need okay any temperature also can evaporate okay so boiling you will boil the whole liquid you'll see the bubble in the entire liquid evaporation only happen at the surface and you didn't see any Bubbles at all all right so guys can you let me know in the chat box are you guys okay with the differences between boiling and evaporation by now okay so this is very important this is very very important you need to know the difference between boiling and evaporation okay next one right now if I change from solid all the way directly to guess this process called softly mentioned sublimation sublimation means what you hit the solid it will directly become gas without changing to liquid you hit the solid it won't change to liquid it will directly become gas so in SPM sometimes they want to ask you objective question they will ask you the objective question okay who can undergo uh sublimation okay who can undergo sublimation huh so SPM you need to focus on four substances it is always these four substances are that actually undergo sublimation so these four substances if you heat it they will become gas directly without changing to liquid okay so you do you need to purposely memorize not really but it's good to know the first one is dry ice so dry ice another name is called solid carbon dioxide so actually dry ice is carbon dioxide in solid form okay dry ice so the second one is called iodine okay iodine is like is the medicine you put let's say you have a cut on the hand you put the purple or the yellow color uh uh what we call that ointment or the liquid on the on your injury part so that is iodine iodine also can undergo sublimation Okay the third one is actually called ammonium fluoride okay so ammonium right you need to memorize the name last one okay the last one is something that we I mentioned earlier on today the last one is something that I mentioned earlier on today which is called naphthalene so naphthali is the more for so if if you put the morph board okay in the cupboard let's say you put the mopo like this big so after a few days you see the more wall becomes smaller it didn't become liquid it changed to gas directly okay so mothball is your naturally so naphthalene also undergo sublimation okay so these are the four things right so next one okay I get a question okay Cecilia Cecilia you're asking what about liquid nitrogen so Cecilia you're already asking the question my liquid nitrogen got Liquid Gold liquid buy right foreign if you undergo sublimation you shouldn't have liquid at all isn't it okay so done all right so we are done with this okay so now let's go the reverse let's go the reverse processor okay so now what if I change the gas back to liquid so guys anyone can type in the chat box gas change to liquid what is the name of the process gas change to liquid what is the name of the process anyone can type in the chat box all right very good condensation on then station so liquid change to solid freezing okay so the blue color Arrow indicates what you need to cool down you need to cool down like gas if you want to change your liquid you must cool it down so blue color means cool down red color means heat up okay so if you want to change liquid to solid blue color you need to cool down okay last one you can change the gas directly to solid okay uh you can change solid to gas directly it also can go the other way around gas to solid gas to solid this one some student they don't know this one is called the position hit the position uh many people know sublimation but not many know the position okay so I want to know I want you all to know the indicator here the red color means absorb heat okay all the red color means this process need to absorb heat all the blue color means you need to release heat okay so this is some side notes okay I put a side note here for you okay so the red color here means you need to absorb heat or absorb energy the blue column here means you need to release energy or release heat okay so that is what you need to know all right so let me put it in a proper box like this okay just a moment let me draw the Box okay okay all right that's it so now we will learn this huh okay so now I'll teach you the last part for today then we will do some positive question together then we are all done for today's all right I hope everyone can understand huh okay one more important things we all need to know for this moment is what when you change the state from one and other you must know that the mass doesn't change okay you must know the mass doesn't change okay like one kilogram of solid change to liquid C1 kilo one kilogram of liquid become gas P1 kilo you cannot say okay I have one kilogram of solid becomes seven kilogram of liquid cannot the mass will never change okay when you change the state solid to liquid liquid to gas or the other way around the mass will never never change okay so make sure everyone knows make sure everyone know okay that's it so let me probably write some notes here okay let me move it down okay I put another note here during change of State the mass of substance didn't change okay the math will not change okay so that's what you need to know all right so that's for part four today okay so guys I need you all to give me a response are you guys okay with part four on what we learned today okay can I so let's spend about five minutes to do some past year question to do some stick paper then we come back to do the last part for today then we are all done with our first lesson hey come on so let me show you some trial exam paper okay here okay so this is the first question SBP year 2022 so Mr Aaron found that the dry ice become fumes means gas smoke what is the process and what is the heat change so dry ice can undergo sublimation and then what is the process it is absorbed because from get solid change to gas red color Arrow isn't it just now we need to absorb the heat so if you cannot cannot remember some people saw how I know they should absorb the Heat or release the heat I teach you a simple way you look at it sublimation change from solid all the way to guest so when something sticking together become this you need a knife when you need a knife you need to hit it take the knife cut become gas when you go the other way around when you have gas you want to sticking together to become solid when you need a glue when you want something sticking together then you need to release it so it's really simple when you want to glue something together you need to release heat when you want to cut something and separate them you need to absorb it okay so that's very easy you don't even need to purposely memorize also today if I got liquid I want to make it become guest so what should I do I should cut so when you want to cut you need to absorb heat when you want to sticking together glue you need to release heat okay so that is a very simple way for you to learn okay so the answer is all right next one okay so this is glanton paper so calendar paper so they say what is the energy change and also what is the process during the formation of water droplet so why there is a formation water droplet they say what okay outside here so why there is a water droplet here because this is air surrounding air touching the surface very cold so when the air cool down so it will undergo condensation so to become liquid okay you will see water droplets okay so this process is condensation and then you need to release the heat makes sense ma initially the air is gas they are far apart you want to become liquid so liquid like sticking together so when you want to stick together you need a glue we need a glue so you need to release it remember glue release heat cut absorb heat okay very simple thing only last all right and so you need to do condensation and release the heat very simple so the next one what which statement is correct about this process so this is the data paper so this one obviously is a guess this is a solid gas to solid it's called the position it gets to solid is the position so the question say sublimation no sublimation is the other way around the ballet solid to gas so wrong so the force becomes stronger how you know the force becomes stronger or not you draw that so you see initially this one far apart no glue no glue means weak Force so sticking together many glue glue together sticking together strong force okay so the first weak to strong so the force actually becomes stronger absolutely okay simple as that okay so you just need to understand the differences between the processes then I mean you are good to Gola you are good to go on this okay I don't think they are very very hot though I don't think they are very hard I mean it's doable okay all right come on one more question then we go back to do the last part for today yeah this is pahang paper so you have the arrangement so what is the process everyone sticking together this is a solid so this one you have a far apart guest so this process should be a sublimation okay so this is a pahang question so they are they are asking you who can undergo process why so we know there are four substances that can undergo sublimation bromine no it's not the one of the poor substance we have iodine yes and one of the four substances chlorine is not naphthalene the the mothball the the one that Halal chicha yes so the answer is two and four okay that's it so I don't think it's very hard I don't think it's very hard I think it's very doable yeah I think it's quite doable here okay let's do this page also like quickly yeah let's do this page quickly this is a Johor paper this is gas and then this one obviously three times three it's solid SO gas to solid the process called the position very straightforward isn't it very straightforward okay next one okay so this one you want to release the heat so release the heat how again no need to memorize one melting solid change to liquid so solid change liquids something need to become this cut need to cut means absorb heat boiling liquid need to become gas you need to cut cut means absorb heat condensation yes one to become liquid so when you want to stick together you need to glue when you want to glue you will release heat okay so that's a very easy way for you to study La very simple very easy way for you to study okay lastly this is a Solano paper this is a salon wallpaper all right so what process is X so this is a solid this one obviously is liquid to solely change to liquid so it might be evaporation or it might be boiling but no boiling here so it will be evaporation done okay so now I'll move you back to learn the last thing part five for today yeah so let's move on to part five so today this part five will be a little bit more technical okay will be a little bit more technical okay so what is this okay so give me about five to ten minutes let me finish off her so the next thing is this okay so all right let me see oh sorry this one I do it wrongly already yeah solid to liquid solid to liquid should be melting my bad yeah so sorry for that my bad nothing yeah all right so sometimes I might make a mistake so please let me know okay right so let's go for the last part for today come on let's do the last part for today yeah okay the last part for today is this okay so sometimes the question will actually give us the melting point and also boiling point sometimes the question might give us a melting point and boiling point then ask us to do a prediction they asked us to predict the state of matter they ask you to predict whether it is a solid whether it's a liquid or whether it's a guest at a specific temperature okay sometime they might ask something like that okay they give you the melting point they give you the boiling point then they ask you this follow is a solid liquid or gas at a specific temperature so I will use two examples to do demonstration if you don't understand after these two examples don't feel shy just as a okay let's look at it so this one will be a bit more technical it's not very hard let me tissue this okay let's say I give you a substance X substance X let's say I tell you what I tell the substance X the melting point is actually 32 degrees Celsius I tell you the substance X the boiling point it's okay uh 79 degrees Celsius then I ask you what is the state of x 42 degrees Celsius okay so this kind of question right so guys how to do this kind of question okay you have two different way to do it one is common sense then I teach you a shortcut okay I'll teach you common sense and shortcut so common sense means what at 42 degrees Celsius do you think the substance already mapped guys at 42 degrees Celsius you think the substance already met or not yes or no oh yes right because 32 already met right 42 degrees Celsius for sure it's melted do you think at 42 degrees Celsius the substance already boiled yes or no at 42 degrees Celsius do you think the substance already boiled no right so common sense you already melt and not yet going so if you already met means what map means you already become liquid you not yet boil not yet boy means you not yet become guests so who you are you are they quit understand this is called Common Sense this is how we use common sense to solve the question but some students say sir I don't have common sense so or I have terrible common sense so if you have a very very terrible common sense no worry okay there is another way okay if your common sense not so good I teach you another method called three lines method so what do we mean by three lines method so as the name indicates you need to draw three lines so how you draw three lines here one horizontal line one straight line are two vertical line okay one two three three lines okay so the first intersection you see intersection across the first intersection here put your melting point okay MP MP is melting point the second intersection here put your boiling point BP melting point boiling point the sequence cannot go stronger must melt then only boy you cannot buy then only mail okay the sequence is important must melt then only boy yeah so put the value what is your melting point given 32 what is your boiling point given here 79 okay so now the first box here is solid s the second box in the middle is L liquid the third box here is a g a gas solid liquid gas so now what is the temperature that you wanted what is the temperature that we want 42 where is 42 let's do mathematic number line 32 79 where is 42 here right so not 42 is in the middle of 32 and 79 42 is here so it is liquid are you guys okay with this pattern I guess okay with this method okay it's very easy isn't it three lines just draw three lines okay now let me change the question a little bit now okay this will be the last question for today yeah last question for today example number two okay so let's say for example number two we do this okay so example number two I change a little bit like okay this is example number two okay all right so example number two I give you a substance called Z substance Z I tell you the melting point is negative 12. boiling point I tell you is 20. so I ask you what is the state of substance Z at room temperature okay so how to go about this so no worry same thing whenever they give you melting point they give you boiling point they ask you you are solid liquid or gas you can always always go for your three lines method so let's do it so let's go for three lines method okay three boxes so put in your melting point and boiling point so what is your melting point now negative 12 boiling point to NPR is all given so now what's the problem just now they tell us the 142 degrees Celsius but now they didn't they only tell us room temperature so guys can you make a wild guess what is the room temperature in chemistry whenever I say room temperature how much is it when you say room temperature in chemistry may I know how much is it anyone room temperature means how many anyone guys room temperature means how many what is the what is the temperature for room temperature okay very good okay so far Aaliyah yeah get it correctly yeah very good in chemistry or in science uh room temperature always refer to 25 degrees Celsius standard no matter which country you are from you cannot say okay I am from uh I'm let's say I'm I'm from a country who got winter so my room is slightly cold more like have lower temperature no don't think so much I don't care you are in dessert okay I don't care you are in aircon or whatever when I say room temperature is 35 that's it okay standard 25. so now where is 25 negative 12 20 25 is more than 20 right somewhere at here so now you know already okay so it is a guess okay so by doing that we know already at room temperature the substance exists as the gas that's it so that's everything that we need to know for today so let's do a quick one here the last question here is here and how they can ask us the question if we can take a look here right so look at here huh okay this one okay so you see this is a question from okay Putrajaya paper Putrajaya you see they give you melting point and boiling point so who is a liquid at 100 quite easy like three lines better the liquid must be in the middle so at where 100 100 must be in the middle of this one and this one right in the middle Mark so 100 is in the middle of here isn't it 100 is in the middle of this one 80 and 196 100 is in the middle when you are in the middle you are liquid do you guys understand what am I talking about do you guys understand what am I talking about okay not very hard isn't it just use your three lines method and then you will get you what you're able to do the magic okay so same thing here which substance is a liquid at room temperature so room temperature means 25 if you want to be liquid you must be in the middle so how to get 25 in the middle this one must be melting point this one must be boiling point so 25 must be in the middle of melting pot and boiling point so 25 is in the middle of where here right or not 35 is in the middle of negative 20 and 97 okay so the answer is q okay so I don't think it is very very hard okay so with that being said we are all done with today lesson okay so guys right before we stop today lesson before I cut it off for today lesson you guys understand what we have learned so far we have learned five parts for today lesson are you guys okay with what we have learned so far today it's not very hard isn't it okay most important you understand the logic you know how it works and more importantly you need to know how to apply how to apply whatever knowledge that you have learned okay that's why I always do this I teach you something I show you those proper exam type questions so you know exactly how the question can be tested okay so I think that's all for today all right so I will see you in the next lesson okay I will send the notes to the groups in the shop uh later on probably by tomorrow okay so I'll See You Again by next week