Get Psyched AP Psychology Ultimate Exam Cramathon

Introduction

• Host: Tim Steedman
• Purpose: Final review for AP Psychology, not a full teaching session
• Intended for students who have been keeping up with their studies

Psychological Perspectives

• Behavioral: Conditioning associations, e.g. music with studying
• Cognitive: Processing information more effectively with music
• Psychoanalytic: Childhood associations with music
• Humanistic: Music for self-fulfillment
• Biological: Dopamine levels and brain activity
• Evolutionary: Response to rhythm
• Sociocultural: Influence of societal norms

Cognitive Biases

• Confirmation Bias: Focus on confirming evidence
• Hindsight Bias: "I knew it" after the fact
• Overconfidence Bias: Overestimating one's abilities

Science Practices

• Naturalistic Observation: Unobtrusive observation
• Case Study: In-depth study of one subject
• Meta-Analysis: Combining multiple studies
• Correlation vs. Causation: Identifying relationships, not cause

Research Design

• Experimentation: Hypotheses, variables, operational definitions
• Sampling: Convenience vs. random sampling
• Ethics: Informed consent, debriefing, confidentiality

Data Analysis

• Central Tendency: Mean, median, mode
• Variation: Range, standard deviation
• Distribution: Normal curves, skewed distributions
• Correlation Coefficient: Strength of relationship

Argumentation in Psychology

• Making claims backed by psychological evidence
• Importance of using data and research in arguments

Biological Basis of Behavior

• Nature vs. Nurture: Heredity vs. environment
• Nervous System: CNS, PNS, neurons, neurotransmitters
• Endocrine System: Hormones and bodily regulation
• Psychoactive Drugs: Effects on brain function

Brain Structures

• Brain Stem: Basic survival functions
• Limbic System: Emotion and memory
• Cerebral Cortex: Higher-order functions

States of Consciousness

• Sleep Cycles: REM and non-REM stages
• Sleep Disorders: Insomnia, apnea, narcolepsy
• Dream Theories: Restorative, consolidation, activation-synthesis

Sensation and Perception

• Transduction: Converting sensory input to brain signals
• Thresholds: Absolute and just noticeable difference
• Gestalt Principles: Laws of perception

Cognition

• Problem Solving: Algorithms vs. heuristics
• Decision-Making Biases: Gambler's fallacy, framing
• Memory Processes: Encoding, storage, retrieval

Developmental Psychology

• PJ’s Cognitive Development: Stages from sensorimotor to formal operational
• Social and Emotional Development: Attachment, parenting styles, identity

Learning

• Classical Conditioning: Stimulus associations
• Operant Conditioning: Reinforcement and punishment
• Social Learning: Modeling and vicarious learning

Social Psychology

• Attribution Theory: Dispositional vs. situational
• Group Dynamics: Conformity, polarization, groupthink
• Prejudice and Discrimination: Stereotypes, biases

Personality

• Freud's Psychoanalysis: Id, ego, superego
• Humanistic Theory: Self-actualization
• Trait Theories: Big Five model

Motivation and Emotion

• Theories of Motivation: Drive reduction, arousal, self-determination
• Emotional Theories: Facial feedback, broaden-and-build

Health Psychology and Disorders

• Stress: Types, effects, coping strategies
• Positive Psychology: Human strengths and well-being
• Psychological Disorders: Definitions, categories, and causes

Treatment Approaches

• Psychotherapy: Cognitive, behavioral, humanistic
• Biological Treatments: Medications and brain stimulation
• Therapy Ethics: Importance of ethical guidelines