Foundations of Social Psychology

Hello everyone and a very warm welcome to Mind Review. I am Sakshi Kaushik and today is the fourth paper that we are going to begin in the Psychology Entrances Let's Crack It series under which we are completing the syllabus of Undergraduate Level of Psychology. So we have already completed Bio-Psychology, General Psychology as well as Organizational psychology If you think that you have missed out on any of these videos, then make sure you go back to the playlist and watch these videos to clear on your concepts. I have also added the link to the playlist in the description box below. So, alright, are you all excited since today we are starting with the chapter, not basically the chapter, but with the paper of social psychology. So Social Psychology is a topic and a field on which this particular channel Mind Review channel has already uploaded many videos In fact there exists an exclusive playlist as well of Social Psychology So if you feel that you need to understand this discipline in more depth and you want to study all the topics in very much depth Then you can go on to those playlists and those videos as well But in these Let's Crack It series, we will be covering everything in crisp and a detailed manner as well. But it will be focused towards entrances. From the point of view of entrances, the things that are important, we will cover those things accordingly. So let us get started with today's video. In today's video, we will do a little introduction towards this field, what this field actually studies and how it began. So in introduction we should know about what is social psychology So social psychology is a field which studies about how the social conditions affect human beings So the social conditions that exist around us, maybe it is poverty, maybe it is crowdedness, maybe it is a group, maybe it is an individual So whatever social conditions are around us, we should understand the behavior, attitudes, thinking, every process of human beings how it influences and affects, that is studied in social psychology and when we study in social psychology, the scholars focus on the individuals as well as on the groups how the individual is being impacted by the group so all of these things are also studied within social psychology And as a... you know we will be studying more topics in this field like cognitive dissonance or social perception or social cognition in the upcoming videos you will be able to understand more clearly the concept of social psychology and how its studies are employing both individuals as well as the groups right so now let's understand a little bit about history so the discipline of social psychology basically began in united states around the dawn of 20th century So in the 20th century, the discipline of Social Psychology started in the US and the first study published in this field was an experiment done by someone known as Norman Triplett So Norman Triplett published an experiment in around 1898 which was the first study published in the discipline of Social Psychology and Norman Triplett did his experiment on Social Facilitation So what does social facilitation mean? If you have ever performed on stage, if you have performed in front of anyone on stage, then through the experiment of social facilitation, Norman Triplett wanted to understand that when a person is performing something, the audience present there, the crowd or the people gathered there, does the performance of the performer get facilitated or deteriorate due to their presence? so what impact does that audience have on the performance of a performer? so are they facilitating this performance or are they inhibiting this performance? so basically he studied the performance of cyclists in the presence of others cyclist Norman Shetland noted his performance and asked how is their performance when other people are also present and upon these experiments he published his study that was the first study to be published in the field of social psychology on social facilitation then what happened was that around 1930s there were many Gestalt psychologists do you remember what exactly Gestalt psychology was all about Gestalt psychology focused on the whole and not on the parts and Gestalt psychologist said that perception is a whole whenever we perceive anything we perceive it as a whole and some of its parts are the whole so many Gestalt psychologists escaped from Nazi Germany in 1930s and came to US and one of them was Gestalt psychologist Kurt Lewin Kurt Lewin gave a very important contribution in the field of social psychology Because they gave a... field theory in the social psychology in the year of 1952. Now this was an equation of their field theory. Now you will be you know you will be surprised where you got equations in psychology. But don't you worry this equation is very simple. So caught you in their field theory according B is a function of P into E. So here B stands for behavior. F is function and P stands for person and E stands for environment So Kurt Lewin said that our behaviour functions along with the environment that our behaviour is not only because of our personal dispositions nor because of the environment rather when our personal dispositions interact with the environment both of them function as our social behaviour So that is what Kurt Lewin's field theory said. And Kurt Lewin's field theory had 5 principles. What are these principles? And why were these principles? So these principles were explaining to us in a better way about our behavior in social situations. So the first was your principle of organization. According to principle of organization, the way we organize our interaction in the environment. For example, if you are going to school or college, that is an environment for you. If you are going to a social party or function, that is an environment. And how you are organizing your interactions in that environment is known as the principle of organization. Then comes the principle of contemporaneity. This principle tells us how the most recent information that we have received will have an impact on our interaction with the social environment Sometimes, you get a good news on phone that you have passed this particular exam with flying colours and after that, the person you are interacting with is very enthusiastic and happy But on the contrary, if someone tells you bad news that you have failed in this paper just fail. so you will be very sad and after that you will not be that motivated to interact with the person you are interacting with and you will become very angry with everybody so principle of contemporaneity says that what is the impact of the most recent information we have received on our interactions in our social environment then is your principle of singularity principle of singularity focuses upon understanding how our individual needs can be satisfied by a social group so usually we all want to be part of a social group so principle of singularity focuses on how a social group can fulfill the individual needs then you have the principle of changing processes which focuses on our social relationships like our friends, family, loved ones The dynamics of our social relationships change with time If you have seen with your friends, you were very much stranger in the beginning Then when you started to be friends, you started sharing certain things Maybe now there is a point in your friendship that you are very close and you understand each other very well So changing processes focuses upon the changing dynamics of a social relationship And the fifth. and the last principle of Curt Lewin's field theory in social psychology is possible relevance so it focuses on any social relation which we consider worthy for our well being we have many social relations, some are our friends and some are maybe not that good friends so possible relevance focuses on how we find out a social relation worthy This particular social relation is something that is relevant for my well-being and is good for my well-being. So these are the five principles which Kurt Lewin gave and defined about how we are actually behaving and how our social relationships are defined in context of a social society. this is an important part of your history of social psychology with respect to the entrances that happened so please make sure that you know about this and you understand this and then certain things, one thing is also there, many times it comes in MCQs that the first published text book of social psychology was published in 1908 Now, when World War II came, Social psychologists were very much interested in the study of persuasion and propaganda How can some people be persuaded to behave in their own way During World War II, these were some topics in which social psychologists were very much interested in After the World War, some topics like gender issues, racial prejudice, attitude formation, attributions They started getting interested in all these topics And then 1960s ka aisa time tha when interest started to be in varied amount of topics like cognitive dissonance, bystander intervention, aggression, pro-social behavior, all of these so don't you worry if you are not able to understand these terms because the videos related to social psychology in the coming videos if you have viewed that pdf in which I had given a complete list of topics and papers that will be covered in the let's crack it series so you would know that we are going to cover all these topics in detail in the future what is cognitive dissonance theory what were the experiments in it what is pro-social behavior what are the theories related to aggression and a lot more is in stock with for you so this was it for today's video this was a very brief video about introducing the discipline to you so that you get to know a little bit about this discipline and some very highlighted works that were done in this discipline especially Kurt Lewin's theory and Norman Triplett's experiment on social facilitation and Kurt Lewin's field theory so these are two things which you should know very well and that was it for today's video I will meet you in the next video that will be posted at 6pm today in which we will be talking about cognitive dissonance and social perception so that will be a very interesting video I would want a complete participation from all of you So if you have any feedback, you can comment down below. If you have any suggestions, you can comment them too. Or you can reach out to me on Instagram. The ID is mindreview1. I have also put the link in the description box. So till then, have a very good day. Stay subscribed to Mind Review. Keep studying psychology. And take well rest. Alright, bye-bye.

So Social Psychology is a topic and a field on which this particular channel Mind Review channel has already uploaded many videos In fact there exists an exclusive playlist as well of Social Psychology So if you feel that you need to understand this discipline in more depth and you want to study all the topics in very much depth Then you can go on to those playlists and those videos as well But in these Let's Crack It series, we will be covering everything in crisp and a detailed manner as well. But it will be focused towards entrances. From the point of view of entrances, the things that are important, we will cover those things accordingly.

So let us get started with today's video. In today's video, we will do a little introduction towards this field, what this field actually studies and how it began. So in introduction we should know about what is social psychology So social psychology is a field which studies about how the social conditions affect human beings So the social conditions that exist around us, maybe it is poverty, maybe it is crowdedness, maybe it is a group, maybe it is an individual So whatever social conditions are around us, we should understand the behavior, attitudes, thinking, every process of human beings how it influences and affects, that is studied in social psychology and when we study in social psychology, the scholars focus on the individuals as well as on the groups how the individual is being impacted by the group so all of these things are also studied within social psychology And as a...

you know we will be studying more topics in this field like cognitive dissonance or social perception or social cognition in the upcoming videos you will be able to understand more clearly the concept of social psychology and how its studies are employing both individuals as well as the groups right so now let's understand a little bit about history so the discipline of social psychology basically began in united states around the dawn of 20th century So in the 20th century, the discipline of Social Psychology started in the US and the first study published in this field was an experiment done by someone known as Norman Triplett So Norman Triplett published an experiment in around 1898 which was the first study published in the discipline of Social Psychology and Norman Triplett did his experiment on Social Facilitation So what does social facilitation mean? If you have ever performed on stage, if you have performed in front of anyone on stage, then through the experiment of social facilitation, Norman Triplett wanted to understand that when a person is performing something, the audience present there, the crowd or the people gathered there, does the performance of the performer get facilitated or deteriorate due to their presence? so what impact does that audience have on the performance of a performer?

so are they facilitating this performance or are they inhibiting this performance? so basically he studied the performance of cyclists in the presence of others cyclist Norman Shetland noted his performance and asked how is their performance when other people are also present and upon these experiments he published his study that was the first study to be published in the field of social psychology on social facilitation then what happened was that around 1930s there were many Gestalt psychologists do you remember what exactly Gestalt psychology was all about Gestalt psychology focused on the whole and not on the parts and Gestalt psychologist said that perception is a whole whenever we perceive anything we perceive it as a whole and some of its parts are the whole so many Gestalt psychologists escaped from Nazi Germany in 1930s and came to US and one of them was Gestalt psychologist Kurt Lewin Kurt Lewin gave a very important contribution in the field of social psychology Because they gave a... field theory in the social psychology in the year of 1952. Now this was an equation of their field theory.

Now you will be you know you will be surprised where you got equations in psychology. But don't you worry this equation is very simple. So caught you in their field theory according B is a function of P into E. So here B stands for behavior. F is function and P stands for person and E stands for environment So Kurt Lewin said that our behaviour functions along with the environment that our behaviour is not only because of our personal dispositions nor because of the environment rather when our personal dispositions interact with the environment both of them function as our social behaviour So that is what Kurt Lewin's field theory said.

And Kurt Lewin's field theory had 5 principles. What are these principles? And why were these principles? So these principles were explaining to us in a better way about our behavior in social situations.

So the first was your principle of organization. According to principle of organization, the way we organize our interaction in the environment. For example, if you are going to school or college, that is an environment for you. If you are going to a social party or function, that is an environment. And how you are organizing your interactions in that environment is known as the principle of organization.

Then comes the principle of contemporaneity. This principle tells us how the most recent information that we have received will have an impact on our interaction with the social environment Sometimes, you get a good news on phone that you have passed this particular exam with flying colours and after that, the person you are interacting with is very enthusiastic and happy But on the contrary, if someone tells you bad news that you have failed in this paper just fail. so you will be very sad and after that you will not be that motivated to interact with the person you are interacting with and you will become very angry with everybody so principle of contemporaneity says that what is the impact of the most recent information we have received on our interactions in our social environment then is your principle of singularity principle of singularity focuses upon understanding how our individual needs can be satisfied by a social group so usually we all want to be part of a social group so principle of singularity focuses on how a social group can fulfill the individual needs then you have the principle of changing processes which focuses on our social relationships like our friends, family, loved ones The dynamics of our social relationships change with time If you have seen with your friends, you were very much stranger in the beginning Then when you started to be friends, you started sharing certain things Maybe now there is a point in your friendship that you are very close and you understand each other very well So changing processes focuses upon the changing dynamics of a social relationship And the fifth. and the last principle of Curt Lewin's field theory in social psychology is possible relevance so it focuses on any social relation which we consider worthy for our well being we have many social relations, some are our friends and some are maybe not that good friends so possible relevance focuses on how we find out a social relation worthy This particular social relation is something that is relevant for my well-being and is good for my well-being. So these are the five principles which Kurt Lewin gave and defined about how we are actually behaving and how our social relationships are defined in context of a social society.

this is an important part of your history of social psychology with respect to the entrances that happened so please make sure that you know about this and you understand this and then certain things, one thing is also there, many times it comes in MCQs that the first published text book of social psychology was published in 1908 Now, when World War II came, Social psychologists were very much interested in the study of persuasion and propaganda How can some people be persuaded to behave in their own way During World War II, these were some topics in which social psychologists were very much interested in After the World War, some topics like gender issues, racial prejudice, attitude formation, attributions They started getting interested in all these topics And then 1960s ka aisa time tha when interest started to be in varied amount of topics like cognitive dissonance, bystander intervention, aggression, pro-social behavior, all of these so don't you worry if you are not able to understand these terms because the videos related to social psychology in the coming videos if you have viewed that pdf in which I had given a complete list of topics and papers that will be covered in the let's crack it series so you would know that we are going to cover all these topics in detail in the future what is cognitive dissonance theory what were the experiments in it what is pro-social behavior what are the theories related to aggression and a lot more is in stock with for you so this was it for today's video this was a very brief video about introducing the discipline to you so that you get to know a little bit about this discipline and some very highlighted works that were done in this discipline especially Kurt Lewin's theory and Norman Triplett's experiment on social facilitation and Kurt Lewin's field theory so these are two things which you should know very well and that was it for today's video I will meet you in the next video that will be posted at 6pm today in which we will be talking about cognitive dissonance and social perception so that will be a very interesting video I would want a complete participation from all of you So if you have any feedback, you can comment down below. If you have any suggestions, you can comment them too. Or you can reach out to me on Instagram. The ID is mindreview1. I have also put the link in the description box.

So till then, have a very good day. Stay subscribed to Mind Review. Keep studying psychology. And take well rest.

Alright, bye-bye.

Transcript for:Foundations of Social Psychology

Transcript for:
Foundations of Social Psychology