Emetic Agents

Mechanism of Action

• Local Action: Acts on the gastric mucosa.
• Central Action: Acts on the chemoreceptor trigger zone.

Therapeutic Effects

• Purpose: Induce vomiting.
• Use Case: Historically used for poisoning.
  • Important Consideration: Must determine the cause of poisoning before use.

Precautions

• Caustic Substances: Do not induce vomiting if the substance is caustic, as it can cause further damage.

Contraindications

• Patient Condition:
  • Lethargic or comatose patients.
  • Absence of gag reflex.
• Airway Protection: Cannot maintain their own airway, risk of aspiration.

Side Effects

• CNS depression.
• Dysrhythmias.
• Diarrhea.

Nursing Actions

• Ensure treatment is appropriate.
• Prioritize airway protection.

Drug Example

• Ipecac Syrup:
  • Historically used to induce vomiting.
  • No longer recommended due to ineffectiveness in poisoning.
  • Previously kept in households for emergencies.

Key Takeaways

• Emetic agents are rarely used today.
• Inducing vomiting is ineffective in treating poisoning.
• Never induce vomiting in cases of chemical poisoning.