ISTQB Foundation Level Certifications - Chapter 2: Testing Throughout the Software Development Life Cycle

Introduction to SDLC

• SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle): The entire life cycle that establishes and builds the product.
• Major Phases:
  • Requirement Gathering: Business Analyst/Product Owner gathers information required for implementing the product.
  • Design: Architecture and back-end design of the product.
  • Development: Writing the code for the product.
  • Testing: Independent testing team tests the system.
  • Maintenance/Release: Updating, upgrading, migration, and retirement of the product.

How SDLC Impacts Testing

• Influences Test Process: The SDLC chosen influences scope, timing, detail of documentation, choice of test techniques, extent of test automation, and roles/responsibilities of testers.
• Waterfall Model: Testing happens once implementation is complete.
• Agile Methodology: Continuous testing with frequent regression tests due to daily code changes.
• Key Impacts on Testing:
  • Scope and Timing: Different in Waterfall (sequential) vs. Agile (parallel activity).
  • Detail of Test Documentation: Comprehensive in Waterfall, brief in Agile.
  • Test Techniques and Approaches: Constraints in Agile, more flexible in Waterfall.
  • Extent of Test Automation: Limited in Waterfall, extensive in Agile.
  • Roles and Responsibilities: More diverse and cross-functional in Agile.

Sequential Development Models (Waterfall & V-Model)

• Initial Phases: Testers involved in requirement reviews, test analysis, and design.
• Later Phases: Dynamic testing occurs after code development.
• Sequential Models: Long wait for testing to begin until code is complete.

Iterative and Incremental Models

• Deliveries: Each iteration delivers a working prototype/product increment.
• Testing: Both static and dynamic testing performed at all levels.
• Frequent Deliveries: Requires fast feedback and extensive regression testing.

Agile Development

• Assumes Continuous Change: Lightweight documentation, extensive automation for regression testing.
• Testing Techniques: Experience-based techniques like exploratory testing.
• Dynamic Testing: Test cases written and executed within the same sprint.

Good Testing Practices

• Independent of SDLC Model: Practices should be followed regardless of the development model.
• Key Practices:
  • Corresponding Testing Activity: For every development activity, a corresponding testing activity.
  • Unique Test Levels: Different levels should have specific test objectives.
  • Early Test Analysis and Design: Begins during the development phase.
  • Early Involvement of Testers: Review work products as soon as drafts are available.

Summary

• Different SDLC models have different impacts on the testing process.
• Good testing practices can be applied across different development models.
• Early involvement, comprehensive documentation, and effective testing techniques are key.